英语基础知识汇总（一）
1、星期一 星期二 星期三星期四 （ ） 星期五 （ ） 星期六 （ ） 星期天 （ ）
2、 1月 2月 3月
4月 5月 6月7月 8月 9月10月 11月 12月 3、 第一st 第二 第三第四 （ ） 第五 （ ） 第六 （ ） 第七 （ ） 第八 （ ） 第九 （ ） 第十 （ ） 第十一 （ ） 第十二 （ ） 第二十 （ ） 第三十 （ ） 第四十 （ ） 第五十 （ ） 第六十 （ ） 第七十 （ ） 第八十 （ ） 第九十 （ ） 4、
5、第三人称单数变法： 1. 一般在词尾加-s
2. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的单词改y 为i 再加-es （如story-stories ，dictionary-dictionaries ， study-studies ）
3. 以元音字母加y 结尾的单词直接加-s （如stay-stays ）
4. 以o 结尾的词一般情况加es （如potato-potatoes ，tomato-tomatoes ，do-does ，go-goes ， hero-heroes ）某些现代英语产生的名词加-s （ 如photo--photos ）以o 结尾，但结尾为两个元音字母的词加-s （如zoo-zoos ）
5. 以s,x,ch,sh 结尾的词加-es （如box-boxes ，fish-fishes ，watch-watches ） 6. 动词不规则变化：have-has
7. 名词以f 或fe 结尾的词改f 或fe 为v 再加-es （如thief-thieves ，leaf-leaves ） 过去式变法：（过去分词与1-6相同） 1. 一般情况：直接加-ed
2. 以e 结尾的直接加-d （如practice-practiced ，live-lived ） 3. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的单词改y 为i 再加-ed （如study-studied ） 4. 以元音字母加y 结尾的单词直接加-ed （如stay-stayed ）
5. 以重读闭音节结尾的单词双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed （如stop-stopped ）
6. 不规则变化：由古英语所产生的动词，它们的过去式和过去分词是不规则的，因其使用度很 高而一直沿用到今天。如am,is- was, are-were 6
7、过去式和过去分词
A. 过去式与过去分词完全不相同
B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同
bright--brought —brought think —thought —thought fight--fought--fought buy----bought----bought catch--caught--caught sell--sold--sold tell----told----told say--said--said teach--taught--taught pay--paid----paid send--sent--sent lend--lent--lent
spend--spent--spent burn--burnt —burnt learn —learnt （ed ）--learnt （ed ） mean----meant----meant feel----felt----felt smell--smelt--smelt sleep--slept--slept sweep--slept--slept leave--left--left keep--kept--kept build--built--built lose--lost--lost get----got----got meet----met----met sit----sat----sat shoot----shot----shot lead----led----led have----had----had hold----held----held make----made----made stand--stood-stood
hear----heard----heard find----found----found dig----dug----dug shine--shone —shone understand--understood--understood win--won----won C. 原型与过去分词相同
D. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同(A.A.A型)
cast----cast----cast cut----cut----cut put----put----put set----set----set cost---cost---cost hit----hit----hit let----let----let shut----shut----shut hang----hung----hung (吊，挂) lie---lied---lied (说谎) lay---laid---laid(置放)
hang---hanged----hanged (处绞刑) lie---lay---lain (躺下，位于，平放) E. 原型与过去式相同 8、英语中常见的感叹句 ①由what 引出的感叹句
其基本结构是“what+a [an]+形容词+名词+主语+谓语”：
What a clever boy he is! 他是多么聪明的孩子呀！ What a good heart you have! 你的心肠真好!
What an interesting book it is！这是多么有趣的书呀！
What a good time the children are having! 孩子们玩得真高兴呀！ 若其中的名词为复数或不可数名词，则不用不定冠词： What clever boys they are! 他们是多么聪明的孩子呀！ What beautiful floweres they are! 这些花多么漂亮呀！ What bad news it is! 这是多糟糕的消息呀！
在一定的语境中，若语义明确，名词前可以不用形容词：
Oh, what a wind! 啊，风真大！ What a fool he is! 他真是个笨蛋！ 另外，感叹句中的主语和谓语有时可以省略：
Oh, what a fine day! 啊，多好的天气! What great fun! 多有趣啊！ 【注意】
(1) 有时感叹句句末可能跟有不定式或动名词等结构： What a joy being with you! 和你在一起真是令人高兴！ What a joy to have you with us! 有你和我们在一起真令人高兴! Oh, what a mistake it is to have come! 啊，来这里是个多大的错误呀!
(2) 该结构中的形容词不能是表数量的many, much, little, few，遇此情况要用how ，即使它们后面跟有名词：
How many books he has! 他的书真多！ How much money he gave her! 他给了她好多钱呀！How little money I have! 我的钱多么少呀！ How few friends he has! 他的朋友真少！ 比较：What a little box it is! 多小巧的盒子呀！（该little 不表示数量）
② 由how 引出的感叹句
基本结构是“how+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”：
How tall the man is! 这个人真高！ How beautiful the girl is! 这个女孩真美！ How slow he drives! 他开得真慢! How tired he looks! 看上去他是很累了！ How well you look! 你气色真好! 练习：
一、用how / what来填空：
1. _______ clean water there is! 2. _______ clean the water is! 3. _______ an unusual gift this is! 4. ________ nice stamps she had! 5. _________ carefully she writes! 6. _________ brave the boy is!
7. _____ a wonderful holiday he will have! 8. _________ clearly he speaks ! 9. _______ easy work it was! 10. _______ expensive coats he bought! 二、改感叹句
1. He was a bright student.
_____ ____ _____ _______ he was! = _______ ______ he was! 2. The weather is very sunny.
______ _____ the weather is ! = _______ _____ _____ it is! 3.The work is very difficult.
______ ______ the work is! = _____ ______ _____ it is! 4.They are excellent workers.
_______ ______ _____ they are! = ________ ______ workers are! 三、将下列句子改为感叹句
1.Tom is a clever boy. →____________2.The wind is blowing strongly. →___________3.Th ese cakes are very delicious. →_________4.He is a strange man. →_____________________! 5.It is a pity to miss the play. →___四、选用what, what a(an), how, how a(an)填空 __cold day it was yesterday! _nice the mooncakes are! bad weather!
_clever children all of you are! _important news that is! time flies!
___beautiful flowers you bought me! 五、把下列陈述句改为感叹句
1. These flowers are so beautiful. 2. The room is big. 3. It is a very interesting film. 4. We have a good teacher. 5. This question is very easy. 6.The TV play is too long.
7.The building is so tall. 8. Lucy’s handwriting is very beautiful.9. My dog is very smart. 10. The snow on the land is very thick!
9、形容词的比较级和最高级
英语中大多数形容词是可以分级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。 一、原级
形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面两种结构： 1. 表示比较的双方相等，用”as…as”结构，表示“前者像后者一样”， 即A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B. eg. John is as tall as his brother.
2. 表示比较的双方不相等，用”not as…as”结构，表示“前者不如后者”， 即A + be + not as + 形容词原级 + as + B. eg. John is not as tall as his brother. 二、 比较级
当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。 其结构是：A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B.
eg. Jackie is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackie. 三、最高级
三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时，需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是：A + be + the 形容词最高级 + of / in + 比较范围. (注意: 形容词最高级前面要加定冠词 the) e.g. Jackie is the tallest in our class. or Jackie is the tallest of all the students. 四、比较级的几种用法：
1. 表示倍数， A+be+数词+times+形容词比较级+than+B
eg. Our room is twice larger than theirs.我们的房间是他们的两倍大。 2. 表示大多少，多多少，高多少等，A+be+数量词+比较级+than+B eg. She is two years older than me.她比我大两岁。
3. 用比较级表示最高级，A+be+比较级+than+any other+单数名词，或者，A+be+比较级+than+the other+复数名词
eg. He is taller than any other students in the class.他比班上其他的同学都高。 4. 两个中比较……的，A+the+比较级+of the two
eg. He is the cleverer of the two.他是这两个中比较聪明的。
5. 越来越…… More and more一般和动词get, become（变得）连用 eg. He is getting more and more handsome.他变得越来越英俊。 She is becoming cleverer and cleverer.她变得越来越聪明。
6. 越……就越…… The more……the more
eg. The more we get together, the happier we will be.我们越在一起，快乐就越多。 7. more than多余，超过，相当于over ，less than少于，不足。 eg. He is more than(over) 80 years old.他八十多岁。 I only have less than five yuan.我只有不到五元钱。
8. 修饰比较级的程度可用a lot, many, far, a bit, much等，但不能用very quite等。 eg. I feel much better now我现在感觉好多了。 练习：
一、根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空： 1. Mr. Smith is _________ man in this office. (rich) 2. Winter is _________ season of the years. (cold) 3. This radio is not so ________ as that one. (cheap) 4. It is much _______ today than yesterday. (hot) 5. She is a little ________ than her classmates. (careful) 6. ________ people came to the meeting than last time. (many) 7. Which book is ________, this one or that one? (easy) 8. My room is _______ than yours. (small)
9. Hainan is _______ from Beijing than Hunan. (far) 10. Skating is _______ than swimming. (exciting) 11. Jim is _______ than all the others. (honest) 12. Things are getting _______ and _______. (bad) 13. The higher you climb, the _______ it will be. (cold) 14. Now his life is becoming ________ and _______. (difficult) 15. There are _______ boys than girls in our class. (few) 二、用适当形式填空：
1. Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred，but ___________ (tall) than Fred. 2. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) as Yongxian. 3. Almost all the students' faces are the same ， but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than before after the summer holidays.
4.Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken? 5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?
-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling? -- She' s only 1.40 metres ________ (tall).
She is much _______ (short) than Sally.
She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad)
at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world. 8. He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book. 10. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.
11. The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China. 12. Sue is a little ___________ (beautiful) than her sister. 13. My room is not as _________ (big) as my brother' s. 14.--How difficult is physics? --I' m not sure
.-- Is it ________ (difficult) than maths?-- I don' t think so. 15.-- Annie plays the piano very ___________ (well).
-- Sue plays it _____ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the __________ (well). 16.Saturday is my _________ (busy) day in a week.
17. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and ________ (fat). 18. I think it' s too expensive. I' d like a _____________ (cheap) one.
19. He comes to school much ____________ (early) than I. 20.This book is not as _____________ (interesting) as that one. 21. Your classroom is __________(wide)and ___________(bright) than ours. 22. Practise as __________ (much) as you can.
23. The ________ (much), the ____________ (good).
24. Nowadays(现在) English is __________( important )than any other subject, 1 think. 25. Most of the students think a lion is much ________(dangerous) than a bear and
it is the __________ (dangerous) animal in the world.
英语基础知识汇总（一）
1、星期一 星期二 星期三星期四 （ ） 星期五 （ ） 星期六 （ ） 星期天 （ ）
2、 1月 2月 3月
4月 5月 6月7月 8月 9月10月 11月 12月 3、 第一st 第二 第三第四 （ ） 第五 （ ） 第六 （ ） 第七 （ ） 第八 （ ） 第九 （ ） 第十 （ ） 第十一 （ ） 第十二 （ ） 第二十 （ ） 第三十 （ ） 第四十 （ ） 第五十 （ ） 第六十 （ ） 第七十 （ ） 第八十 （ ） 第九十 （ ） 4、
5、第三人称单数变法： 1. 一般在词尾加-s
2. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的单词改y 为i 再加-es （如story-stories ，dictionary-dictionaries ， study-studies ）
3. 以元音字母加y 结尾的单词直接加-s （如stay-stays ）
4. 以o 结尾的词一般情况加es （如potato-potatoes ，tomato-tomatoes ，do-does ，go-goes ， hero-heroes ）某些现代英语产生的名词加-s （ 如photo--photos ）以o 结尾，但结尾为两个元音字母的词加-s （如zoo-zoos ）
5. 以s,x,ch,sh 结尾的词加-es （如box-boxes ，fish-fishes ，watch-watches ） 6. 动词不规则变化：have-has
7. 名词以f 或fe 结尾的词改f 或fe 为v 再加-es （如thief-thieves ，leaf-leaves ） 过去式变法：（过去分词与1-6相同） 1. 一般情况：直接加-ed
2. 以e 结尾的直接加-d （如practice-practiced ，live-lived ） 3. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的单词改y 为i 再加-ed （如study-studied ） 4. 以元音字母加y 结尾的单词直接加-ed （如stay-stayed ）
5. 以重读闭音节结尾的单词双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed （如stop-stopped ）
6. 不规则变化：由古英语所产生的动词，它们的过去式和过去分词是不规则的，因其使用度很 高而一直沿用到今天。如am,is- was, are-were 6
7、过去式和过去分词
A. 过去式与过去分词完全不相同
B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同
bright--brought —brought think —thought —thought fight--fought--fought buy----bought----bought catch--caught--caught sell--sold--sold tell----told----told say--said--said teach--taught--taught pay--paid----paid send--sent--sent lend--lent--lent
spend--spent--spent burn--burnt —burnt learn —learnt （ed ）--learnt （ed ） mean----meant----meant feel----felt----felt smell--smelt--smelt sleep--slept--slept sweep--slept--slept leave--left--left keep--kept--kept build--built--built lose--lost--lost get----got----got meet----met----met sit----sat----sat shoot----shot----shot lead----led----led have----had----had hold----held----held make----made----made stand--stood-stood
hear----heard----heard find----found----found dig----dug----dug shine--shone —shone understand--understood--understood win--won----won C. 原型与过去分词相同
D. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同(A.A.A型)
cast----cast----cast cut----cut----cut put----put----put set----set----set cost---cost---cost hit----hit----hit let----let----let shut----shut----shut hang----hung----hung (吊，挂) lie---lied---lied (说谎) lay---laid---laid(置放)
hang---hanged----hanged (处绞刑) lie---lay---lain (躺下，位于，平放) E. 原型与过去式相同 8、英语中常见的感叹句 ①由what 引出的感叹句
其基本结构是“what+a [an]+形容词+名词+主语+谓语”：
What a clever boy he is! 他是多么聪明的孩子呀！ What a good heart you have! 你的心肠真好!
What an interesting book it is！这是多么有趣的书呀！
What a good time the children are having! 孩子们玩得真高兴呀！ 若其中的名词为复数或不可数名词，则不用不定冠词： What clever boys they are! 他们是多么聪明的孩子呀！ What beautiful floweres they are! 这些花多么漂亮呀！ What bad news it is! 这是多糟糕的消息呀！
在一定的语境中，若语义明确，名词前可以不用形容词：
Oh, what a wind! 啊，风真大！ What a fool he is! 他真是个笨蛋！ 另外，感叹句中的主语和谓语有时可以省略：
Oh, what a fine day! 啊，多好的天气! What great fun! 多有趣啊！ 【注意】
(1) 有时感叹句句末可能跟有不定式或动名词等结构： What a joy being with you! 和你在一起真是令人高兴！ What a joy to have you with us! 有你和我们在一起真令人高兴! Oh, what a mistake it is to have come! 啊，来这里是个多大的错误呀!
(2) 该结构中的形容词不能是表数量的many, much, little, few，遇此情况要用how ，即使它们后面跟有名词：
How many books he has! 他的书真多！ How much money he gave her! 他给了她好多钱呀！How little money I have! 我的钱多么少呀！ How few friends he has! 他的朋友真少！ 比较：What a little box it is! 多小巧的盒子呀！（该little 不表示数量）
② 由how 引出的感叹句
基本结构是“how+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”：
How tall the man is! 这个人真高！ How beautiful the girl is! 这个女孩真美！ How slow he drives! 他开得真慢! How tired he looks! 看上去他是很累了！ How well you look! 你气色真好! 练习：
一、用how / what来填空：
1. _______ clean water there is! 2. _______ clean the water is! 3. _______ an unusual gift this is! 4. ________ nice stamps she had! 5. _________ carefully she writes! 6. _________ brave the boy is!
7. _____ a wonderful holiday he will have! 8. _________ clearly he speaks ! 9. _______ easy work it was! 10. _______ expensive coats he bought! 二、改感叹句
1. He was a bright student.
_____ ____ _____ _______ he was! = _______ ______ he was! 2. The weather is very sunny.
______ _____ the weather is ! = _______ _____ _____ it is! 3.The work is very difficult.
______ ______ the work is! = _____ ______ _____ it is! 4.They are excellent workers.
_______ ______ _____ they are! = ________ ______ workers are! 三、将下列句子改为感叹句
1.Tom is a clever boy. →____________2.The wind is blowing strongly. →___________3.Th ese cakes are very delicious. →_________4.He is a strange man. →_____________________! 5.It is a pity to miss the play. →___四、选用what, what a(an), how, how a(an)填空 __cold day it was yesterday! _nice the mooncakes are! bad weather!
_clever children all of you are! _important news that is! time flies!
___beautiful flowers you bought me! 五、把下列陈述句改为感叹句
1. These flowers are so beautiful. 2. The room is big. 3. It is a very interesting film. 4. We have a good teacher. 5. This question is very easy. 6.The TV play is too long.
7.The building is so tall. 8. Lucy’s handwriting is very beautiful.9. My dog is very smart. 10. The snow on the land is very thick!
9、形容词的比较级和最高级
英语中大多数形容词是可以分级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。 一、原级
形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面两种结构： 1. 表示比较的双方相等，用”as…as”结构，表示“前者像后者一样”， 即A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B. eg. John is as tall as his brother.
2. 表示比较的双方不相等，用”not as…as”结构，表示“前者不如后者”， 即A + be + not as + 形容词原级 + as + B. eg. John is not as tall as his brother. 二、 比较级
当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。 其结构是：A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B.
eg. Jackie is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackie. 三、最高级
三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时，需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是：A + be + the 形容词最高级 + of / in + 比较范围. (注意: 形容词最高级前面要加定冠词 the) e.g. Jackie is the tallest in our class. or Jackie is the tallest of all the students. 四、比较级的几种用法：
1. 表示倍数， A+be+数词+times+形容词比较级+than+B
eg. Our room is twice larger than theirs.我们的房间是他们的两倍大。 2. 表示大多少，多多少，高多少等，A+be+数量词+比较级+than+B eg. She is two years older than me.她比我大两岁。
3. 用比较级表示最高级，A+be+比较级+than+any other+单数名词，或者，A+be+比较级+than+the other+复数名词
eg. He is taller than any other students in the class.他比班上其他的同学都高。 4. 两个中比较……的，A+the+比较级+of the two
eg. He is the cleverer of the two.他是这两个中比较聪明的。
5. 越来越…… More and more一般和动词get, become（变得）连用 eg. He is getting more and more handsome.他变得越来越英俊。 She is becoming cleverer and cleverer.她变得越来越聪明。
6. 越……就越…… The more……the more
eg. The more we get together, the happier we will be.我们越在一起，快乐就越多。 7. more than多余，超过，相当于over ，less than少于，不足。 eg. He is more than(over) 80 years old.他八十多岁。 I only have less than five yuan.我只有不到五元钱。
8. 修饰比较级的程度可用a lot, many, far, a bit, much等，但不能用very quite等。 eg. I feel much better now我现在感觉好多了。 练习：
一、根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空： 1. Mr. Smith is _________ man in this office. (rich) 2. Winter is _________ season of the years. (cold) 3. This radio is not so ________ as that one. (cheap) 4. It is much _______ today than yesterday. (hot) 5. She is a little ________ than her classmates. (careful) 6. ________ people came to the meeting than last time. (many) 7. Which book is ________, this one or that one? (easy) 8. My room is _______ than yours. (small)
9. Hainan is _______ from Beijing than Hunan. (far) 10. Skating is _______ than swimming. (exciting) 11. Jim is _______ than all the others. (honest) 12. Things are getting _______ and _______. (bad) 13. The higher you climb, the _______ it will be. (cold) 14. Now his life is becoming ________ and _______. (difficult) 15. There are _______ boys than girls in our class. (few) 二、用适当形式填空：
1. Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred，but ___________ (tall) than Fred. 2. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) as Yongxian. 3. Almost all the students' faces are the same ， but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than before after the summer holidays.
4.Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken? 5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?
-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling? -- She' s only 1.40 metres ________ (tall).
She is much _______ (short) than Sally.
She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad)
at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world. 8. He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book. 10. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.
11. The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China. 12. Sue is a little ___________ (beautiful) than her sister. 13. My room is not as _________ (big) as my brother' s. 14.--How difficult is physics? --I' m not sure
.-- Is it ________ (difficult) than maths?-- I don' t think so. 15.-- Annie plays the piano very ___________ (well).
-- Sue plays it _____ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the __________ (well). 16.Saturday is my _________ (busy) day in a week.
17. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and ________ (fat). 18. I think it' s too expensive. I' d like a _____________ (cheap) one.
19. He comes to school much ____________ (early) than I. 20.This book is not as _____________ (interesting) as that one. 21. Your classroom is __________(wide)and ___________(bright) than ours. 22. Practise as __________ (much) as you can.
23. The ________ (much), the ____________ (good).
24. Nowadays(现在) English is __________( important )than any other subject, 1 think. 25. Most of the students think a lion is much ________(dangerous) than a bear and
it is the __________ (dangerous) animal in the world.