the Adverbial Clauses
状语从句
一、时间状语从句
引导词有when, whenever, while, as, the moment, the minute , the second, as soon as, immediately , no sooner „ than„, hardly „when „，scarcely „
when „， every time, each time , by the time , the first time，the last time ，next time，once , till, until, since, before, after 等
连接词when 的用法小结
1. when 可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当„„的时候”从句的谓语动词可以
是延续的，也可以是短暂的。如：
When the film ended, they went back.
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
2. When 常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时”。如：
was doing something„when
was about to do„when
was on the point of doing sth... when„
3. when可以表“既然”，如：
eg. How can I help them to understand when they won’t listen to me?
连接词while 的用法小结
1. while 可用来引导时间状语，意为“当„„的时候”；引导的动作必须是持续
性的，如：
eg. Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
eg. Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.
3. while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然”；可表示尽管，相当于
although
eg. While I admit that the problems are difficult , I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.
4. 趁„的情况赶紧做, 否则来不及了
eg. Strike while the iron is hot.
连接词as 的用法小结
1.as 可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边„一边”；随着
eg. She sang as she walked home all the way. (一边„一边）
She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.
As she grew older, she became more beautiful. （随着）
2.as 也可用来引导原因状语从句意为“因为”；
eg. As she is free today, she would like to do some shopping. （因为）
3.as 还可用来引导让步状语从句（通常用倒装结构）意为“尽管”。
eg. Tired as he was, he refused to take a rest. （尽管）
Hard as he worked, he can’t work out the problem.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
连接词when, while, as在引导时间状语从句时的用法区别：
when, while, as这三个连词都可表示“当„„的时候”，使用时应注意：
1) when可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。如：
eg. When he came in, we were having supper.
When we were having supper, the light suddenly went out.
2) while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时
态。如：
eg. When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.
While he was watching TV, the boy fell asleep.
3) as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行; 也可表示“随着„„” 。
eg. She sang as she walked along.
As the election approached, the violence got worse.
补充：
1．一些词，如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly,
instantly, hardly„when, scarcely„when, no sooner„than 等也可引导时
间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。
eg. I came immediately you called me up.
2．一些含有time 的名词短语，如the first /second/last time,every time,
each time, next time, by the time等，也可引导时间状语从句。
eg. The first time I drove the car, I felt very nervous.
Next time you come, please bring your composition.
3. 如果hardly 或no sooner或scarcely 置于句首，句子必须倒装。
eg. （倒）Hardly /scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
（正）I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
4.till, until和not „until ：
1) until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动作，意为“某动作一
直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：
eg. We waited until/till he came.
2) 用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才
开始”。如：
eg. He won’t go to bed until her father returns.
3) till不可以置于句首，而until 可以。如：
eg. Until you told me I had no idea of it.
4) not„until 句型中的强调和倒装说法：
eg. It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.
5. 连接词before 的小结：
It will be＋段时间＋before „“还要过多久才„„”
eg. It will be two years before he leaves the country.
It was +时间段+before 从句 （动作已发生）
eg. It was three weeks before he came back.
注意对比：
It is/has been＋段时间＋since „如：
eg. It is three years since she was in the army.
It is three years since she joined the army.
二、条件状语从句
连词有：if, unless, so/as long as, in case, on condition that
条件状语从句常用引导词有 if，unless （除非，如果不，除非在„的时候）, in
case （如果，以防）, on condition that （在„条件下, 如果 ）, as long as(只
要) ，provided (that)/ providing (that)(假如, 在„条件下),suppose
(that)/supposing (that)（如果, 假如）等连词引导。
注意：条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来。
1.If it rains tomorrow, I will not go swimming.
2.You will fail unless you work hard.
3.She will go provided her friends can go also.
4.He will do the work providing you pay him.
5.As long as you’re happy, it doesn’t matter what you do.
6.In case I forget, please remind me about it.
7.Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sportsmeeting?
8.I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.
If 引导的虚拟条件句
1) 与现在事实相反，从句中用一般过去时(be用were) ，主句用would do
eg. If I were you, I would help him.
If he had enough money, he would buy that book.
2) 与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时时，主句用would have done.
eg. I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the
traffic.
3) 与将来事实相反，从句中用①一般过去时
(be用were) ②should do③were to do，主句用would do
eg. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
If you dropped the glass, it would break.
If he should see me, he would know me.
注：从句中有had, were, should，可将其提到主语前，并去掉if 。
eg. If I were you, I would help him.
=Were I you, I would help him.
If he had enough money, he would buy that book.
=Had he enough money, he would buy that book.
If he should see me, he would know me.
= Should he see me, he would know me.
另外，but for, without等引出一个介词结构也可表示条件, 条件常常是虚拟
的, 或与事实相反的假设。如:
eg. But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. Without your help, we could not have finished in time. 要不是你帮忙, 我们肯定不能及时完成任务。
三、让步状语从句
连词有：as, although, though, whether,even if/though, no matter
who/when/what..., however, whatever...
1. though, although：
表示“虽然, 纵然”之意。
这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中, though 较
常使用, although 比though 正式，二者都可与yet, still 或nevertheless (然
而，尽管如此) 连用, 但不能与but 连用。
eg. Though/Although he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. Though/Although he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 值得注意的是, although引导的让步状语从句多位于主句之前, though引导的
让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
eg. She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard.
2. as, though
表示“虽然„„但是”, “纵使„„”之意。
as 引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现, 被倒装的部分可以是表
语、状语或动词原形, though 有时也用于这样的结构中, 但although 不可以倒
装。
eg. Object as you may,I’ll go.
(=Though/Although you may object, I ’ ll go.)
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress.
(=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
(=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.) Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book so soon.
(3) even if, even though 表示“即使„„”, “纵使„„”之意, 常可互换
使用。
eg. We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. Even if/though he is poor, she loves him.
(4) whether...or...表示“不论是否„„”, “不管是„„还是„„”之意。
由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会
影响主句的意向或结果。
eg. You’ll have to attend the ceremony whether you’re free or busy. Whether you believe it or not, it’ s true.
(5) “no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever ”的 含义为“„„都„„; 不管„„
都„„”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。
eg. No matter what happened, he would not mind.
(=Whatever happened, he would not mind.) No matter who you are, you must keep the law.
（=Whoever you are, you must keep the law. ）
但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句, 而“疑问词-ever ”还可
以引导名词性从句。
eg. Whatever(=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you.
(Whatever 引导让步状语从句)
I’ll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me.
(whatever引导宾语从句)
Whoever comes will be welcome.
(Whoever 引导主语从句)
此外, 有时while 也可以引导让步状语从句, 但一般要位于句首。
eg. While I like the colour, I don’ t like the shape.
四、结果状语从句
连词有：so that; so /such „ that太... 以至于... ，如此... 以至于...
such + a/an+adj.+单数名词 +that clause
such+adj.+n.s/n.[u] +that...
so+many/much/few/little+n(s).+that...
so +adj.(+a/an+单数名词)+that clause
so+adv.+that clause
eg. He is such a clever boy ______ we all like him.----结果状语从句
He is such a clever boy ______ we all like .----定语从句
五、原因状语从句
连词有：because, since, as, now that
1) because表示某件事情发生的直接原因或理由。它的语气很强，因而常用来
回答why 的提问。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语气最强。如：
eg. He didn’t come to school yesterday because he was ill.
2) since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结
论。其语气比because 要弱，一般译成“既然”。等同于now that如：
eg. Since you are here, why not stay for a few more days?
3) as 常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，
常译成“由于”。如：
eg. As it’s getting darker, we must go home now.
4) for只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个
分句进行附加说明。如：
eg. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
六、目的状语从句
连词有：so that, in order that, in case , for fear that etc.
so that “为了” ，要放在主句之后，同so as to do， 从句中要使用情态
动词，如：can, could, may, might等
eg. He got up early so that he could catch the train.
=He got up early to/in order to/so as to catch the train.
in order that “为了”，放在主句前和后均可。同in order to„
eg. School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead
of the storm.
以防: in case; for fear (that)
eg. You ’d better take your umbrella with you in case/for fear (that) it
rains.
七、比较状语从句
连词有：as „as, not as(so)„as,more/-er„than, less„than
1)He doesn’t work so hard as you do.
2)There is as much ink in bottle A as in bottle B.
3)The streets in Beijing are as crowded as those in Shanghai.
4)He doesn’t work so hard as you do.
第一个as 是adv. ，修饰adj. 或adv. 原级，第二个as 是连词，引导比较状语从
句，常省略与前面重复的部分。
5)The more you worry, the less you’ll succeed.
6) Gold is much heavier than any other metal.
7)He is better than I.
than 引导比较状语从句，常省略与前面重复的部分。
八、方式状语从句
连词有：as; as if/though
1)You must try to do as I did.
2)Let ’s do as Mrs. Li teaches us.
3)He talks as if he knew all about it. (好象 )
九、地点状语从句
地点状语从句只有两个连词: where ，wherever ，where --- 在„地方，wherever --- 无论哪里
1.Put the medicine where you can easily get it.
2.Where there is a will, there is a way.
3.He follows her wherever she goes.
4.Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.
另外：如果主从句主语一致，从句中又有“be ”时，省略主语和be 。 eg. While still a student, she played many roles.
When told the secret, he was surprised.
When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night If (you are) asked, you may come in.
2：从句中可省略it+是。
eg. You can turn to me for help if necessary.
If (it is) necessary / possible ... I’ll explain it to you again. 在时间，让步，条件状语从句中，如果主句用将来时，从句要用一般现在时，即主将从现。
eg. If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the park.
the Adverbial Clauses
状语从句
一、时间状语从句
引导词有when, whenever, while, as, the moment, the minute , the second, as soon as, immediately , no sooner „ than„, hardly „when „，scarcely „
when „， every time, each time , by the time , the first time，the last time ，next time，once , till, until, since, before, after 等
连接词when 的用法小结
1. when 可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当„„的时候”从句的谓语动词可以
是延续的，也可以是短暂的。如：
When the film ended, they went back.
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
2. When 常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时”。如：
was doing something„when
was about to do„when
was on the point of doing sth... when„
3. when可以表“既然”，如：
eg. How can I help them to understand when they won’t listen to me?
连接词while 的用法小结
1. while 可用来引导时间状语，意为“当„„的时候”；引导的动作必须是持续
性的，如：
eg. Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
eg. Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.
3. while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然”；可表示尽管，相当于
although
eg. While I admit that the problems are difficult , I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.
4. 趁„的情况赶紧做, 否则来不及了
eg. Strike while the iron is hot.
连接词as 的用法小结
1.as 可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边„一边”；随着
eg. She sang as she walked home all the way. (一边„一边）
She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.
As she grew older, she became more beautiful. （随着）
2.as 也可用来引导原因状语从句意为“因为”；
eg. As she is free today, she would like to do some shopping. （因为）
3.as 还可用来引导让步状语从句（通常用倒装结构）意为“尽管”。
eg. Tired as he was, he refused to take a rest. （尽管）
Hard as he worked, he can’t work out the problem.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
连接词when, while, as在引导时间状语从句时的用法区别：
when, while, as这三个连词都可表示“当„„的时候”，使用时应注意：
1) when可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。如：
eg. When he came in, we were having supper.
When we were having supper, the light suddenly went out.
2) while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时
态。如：
eg. When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.
While he was watching TV, the boy fell asleep.
3) as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行; 也可表示“随着„„” 。
eg. She sang as she walked along.
As the election approached, the violence got worse.
补充：
1．一些词，如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly,
instantly, hardly„when, scarcely„when, no sooner„than 等也可引导时
间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。
eg. I came immediately you called me up.
2．一些含有time 的名词短语，如the first /second/last time,every time,
each time, next time, by the time等，也可引导时间状语从句。
eg. The first time I drove the car, I felt very nervous.
Next time you come, please bring your composition.
3. 如果hardly 或no sooner或scarcely 置于句首，句子必须倒装。
eg. （倒）Hardly /scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
（正）I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
4.till, until和not „until ：
1) until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动作，意为“某动作一
直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：
eg. We waited until/till he came.
2) 用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才
开始”。如：
eg. He won’t go to bed until her father returns.
3) till不可以置于句首，而until 可以。如：
eg. Until you told me I had no idea of it.
4) not„until 句型中的强调和倒装说法：
eg. It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.
5. 连接词before 的小结：
It will be＋段时间＋before „“还要过多久才„„”
eg. It will be two years before he leaves the country.
It was +时间段+before 从句 （动作已发生）
eg. It was three weeks before he came back.
注意对比：
It is/has been＋段时间＋since „如：
eg. It is three years since she was in the army.
It is three years since she joined the army.
二、条件状语从句
连词有：if, unless, so/as long as, in case, on condition that
条件状语从句常用引导词有 if，unless （除非，如果不，除非在„的时候）, in
case （如果，以防）, on condition that （在„条件下, 如果 ）, as long as(只
要) ，provided (that)/ providing (that)(假如, 在„条件下),suppose
(that)/supposing (that)（如果, 假如）等连词引导。
注意：条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来。
1.If it rains tomorrow, I will not go swimming.
2.You will fail unless you work hard.
3.She will go provided her friends can go also.
4.He will do the work providing you pay him.
5.As long as you’re happy, it doesn’t matter what you do.
6.In case I forget, please remind me about it.
7.Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sportsmeeting?
8.I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.
If 引导的虚拟条件句
1) 与现在事实相反，从句中用一般过去时(be用were) ，主句用would do
eg. If I were you, I would help him.
If he had enough money, he would buy that book.
2) 与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时时，主句用would have done.
eg. I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the
traffic.
3) 与将来事实相反，从句中用①一般过去时
(be用were) ②should do③were to do，主句用would do
eg. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
If you dropped the glass, it would break.
If he should see me, he would know me.
注：从句中有had, were, should，可将其提到主语前，并去掉if 。
eg. If I were you, I would help him.
=Were I you, I would help him.
If he had enough money, he would buy that book.
=Had he enough money, he would buy that book.
If he should see me, he would know me.
= Should he see me, he would know me.
另外，but for, without等引出一个介词结构也可表示条件, 条件常常是虚拟
的, 或与事实相反的假设。如:
eg. But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. Without your help, we could not have finished in time. 要不是你帮忙, 我们肯定不能及时完成任务。
三、让步状语从句
连词有：as, although, though, whether,even if/though, no matter
who/when/what..., however, whatever...
1. though, although：
表示“虽然, 纵然”之意。
这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中, though 较
常使用, although 比though 正式，二者都可与yet, still 或nevertheless (然
而，尽管如此) 连用, 但不能与but 连用。
eg. Though/Although he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. Though/Although he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 值得注意的是, although引导的让步状语从句多位于主句之前, though引导的
让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
eg. She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard.
2. as, though
表示“虽然„„但是”, “纵使„„”之意。
as 引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现, 被倒装的部分可以是表
语、状语或动词原形, though 有时也用于这样的结构中, 但although 不可以倒
装。
eg. Object as you may,I’ll go.
(=Though/Although you may object, I ’ ll go.)
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress.
(=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
(=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.) Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book so soon.
(3) even if, even though 表示“即使„„”, “纵使„„”之意, 常可互换
使用。
eg. We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. Even if/though he is poor, she loves him.
(4) whether...or...表示“不论是否„„”, “不管是„„还是„„”之意。
由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会
影响主句的意向或结果。
eg. You’ll have to attend the ceremony whether you’re free or busy. Whether you believe it or not, it’ s true.
(5) “no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever ”的 含义为“„„都„„; 不管„„
都„„”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。
eg. No matter what happened, he would not mind.
(=Whatever happened, he would not mind.) No matter who you are, you must keep the law.
（=Whoever you are, you must keep the law. ）
但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句, 而“疑问词-ever ”还可
以引导名词性从句。
eg. Whatever(=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you.
(Whatever 引导让步状语从句)
I’ll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me.
(whatever引导宾语从句)
Whoever comes will be welcome.
(Whoever 引导主语从句)
此外, 有时while 也可以引导让步状语从句, 但一般要位于句首。
eg. While I like the colour, I don’ t like the shape.
四、结果状语从句
连词有：so that; so /such „ that太... 以至于... ，如此... 以至于...
such + a/an+adj.+单数名词 +that clause
such+adj.+n.s/n.[u] +that...
so+many/much/few/little+n(s).+that...
so +adj.(+a/an+单数名词)+that clause
so+adv.+that clause
eg. He is such a clever boy ______ we all like him.----结果状语从句
He is such a clever boy ______ we all like .----定语从句
五、原因状语从句
连词有：because, since, as, now that
1) because表示某件事情发生的直接原因或理由。它的语气很强，因而常用来
回答why 的提问。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语气最强。如：
eg. He didn’t come to school yesterday because he was ill.
2) since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结
论。其语气比because 要弱，一般译成“既然”。等同于now that如：
eg. Since you are here, why not stay for a few more days?
3) as 常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，
常译成“由于”。如：
eg. As it’s getting darker, we must go home now.
4) for只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个
分句进行附加说明。如：
eg. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
六、目的状语从句
连词有：so that, in order that, in case , for fear that etc.
so that “为了” ，要放在主句之后，同so as to do， 从句中要使用情态
动词，如：can, could, may, might等
eg. He got up early so that he could catch the train.
=He got up early to/in order to/so as to catch the train.
in order that “为了”，放在主句前和后均可。同in order to„
eg. School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead
of the storm.
以防: in case; for fear (that)
eg. You ’d better take your umbrella with you in case/for fear (that) it
rains.
七、比较状语从句
连词有：as „as, not as(so)„as,more/-er„than, less„than
1)He doesn’t work so hard as you do.
2)There is as much ink in bottle A as in bottle B.
3)The streets in Beijing are as crowded as those in Shanghai.
4)He doesn’t work so hard as you do.
第一个as 是adv. ，修饰adj. 或adv. 原级，第二个as 是连词，引导比较状语从
句，常省略与前面重复的部分。
5)The more you worry, the less you’ll succeed.
6) Gold is much heavier than any other metal.
7)He is better than I.
than 引导比较状语从句，常省略与前面重复的部分。
八、方式状语从句
连词有：as; as if/though
1)You must try to do as I did.
2)Let ’s do as Mrs. Li teaches us.
3)He talks as if he knew all about it. (好象 )
九、地点状语从句
地点状语从句只有两个连词: where ，wherever ，where --- 在„地方，wherever --- 无论哪里
1.Put the medicine where you can easily get it.
2.Where there is a will, there is a way.
3.He follows her wherever she goes.
4.Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.
另外：如果主从句主语一致，从句中又有“be ”时，省略主语和be 。 eg. While still a student, she played many roles.
When told the secret, he was surprised.
When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night If (you are) asked, you may come in.
2：从句中可省略it+是。
eg. You can turn to me for help if necessary.
If (it is) necessary / possible ... I’ll explain it to you again. 在时间，让步，条件状语从句中，如果主句用将来时，从句要用一般现在时，即主将从现。
eg. If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the park.