2015届高考英语---倒装句的基本考点

2015届高考英语---倒装句的基本考点

倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分

的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒。 倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.

只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。

如:Only once was John late to class. 部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。

英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的

倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。

1. 句首状语以否定词或半否定词开头的句子主谓要半倒装。这类词或短语主要有never,

neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time,

few, not, no等, 如: Not a word did I say to him.

Never have I found him so happy.

Little does he care about what I said.

No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep

例1 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____.

A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John 例2 ——You forgot your purse when you went out.

——Good heavens, ____. A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did

2.as引导让步状语从句时,常将表语或状语置于句首。as 引导让步状语从句的用法:引导让步状语从句时,as意为“虽然,尽管”,通常从句要倒装,倒装的方法是将从句表语或状语放在as之前,而用though引导让步状语从句时句字则不必倒装(口语中也可倒装)。

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意

他的建议。

Proud as he is , he is very kind.

Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.

例1 ____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be

C. Be a quiet student as he may be D. Quiet as he may be a student

例2 Difficult as the homework was, it was finished in time. 作业尽管难,还是及时完成了。例3 Try as he would, he might fail again. 尽管他尝试,可能会再一次失败。

3.在if 非真实条件句中,如果从句中有should, were或助动词had时,可省去if,将这些词提到句首。

例1 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 如果你处在我的位置,你也会这样做。 例2 Had he been given more time, he would have done it much better. 如果给更多时间,他会做得更好。

例3 Should Professor Smith come here tomorrow, we would discuss this matter with him again.

如果史密斯教授明天来,我们会再次和他谈这事。

4.在“here (there, now, then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,谓语动词为be, stand, lie, come, go, fall等的一般现在时或一般过去时,句子为全部倒装。

例1 Now comes your turn. 轮到你了。

例2 Then followed three days of heavy rain. 紧接着了三天大雨。

Here comes the old lady!

Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

There comes the bus.

注:代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。

例3 Here it is. 在这儿。

There ________. And here ________.

A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she

C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she

5.not until位于句首时。

如: Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19世纪初,人们才知道热是何物。

在复合句中,只有主句用倒装,until引导的从句不倒装。如:

Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking. 他直到失去健康才会戒酒。

6.在no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely/barely...when...结构中,前面部分位于句首时,其后的分句要部分倒装(谓语用过去完成时)。

如:Hardly had the baby seen the dog when she cried.那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。

No sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country.那位翻译刚踏进国门就又受命要去他国。

二、修辞倒装

1.以表方位的副词out, in, up, down, away,off 等开头的句子里,句子要全部倒装。目的是为了生动地描写这些动作。

Out rushed the boys. 男孩们冲了出来。

Away went his hat. 他的帽子掉了。

注:代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。 In he comes. 他进来了。

Out ________, with a stick in his hand.

A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush

________ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.

A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down

C. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped

2. 含有否定含义的词(词组) hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little, seldom, neither, nor, not until, no sooner, in no way, at no time, by no means等位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。 例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。

例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。

例1 Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.

A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was 例2 They have a good knowledge of English but little ____ they know about German.

A. have B. did C. had D. do

3. 并列连接词not only…but also, neither…nor等连接句子时,如果not only, neither在句首句子要用部分倒装。

Not only does he teach in school, but he writes novels.他不但在学校教书,而且还写小说。

Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently.她不但说得正确,而且说得流利。 例1 ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.

A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring

C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring

例2 Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 这调皮的男孩既未回家他的父母又没来找他。

例3 Neither at this meeting nor at the previous did they discuss the proposal. 在这次和上次会议上

4. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。

So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.那女孩那么漂

亮,她在选美比赛中获得冠军。

Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.他发表的演说那么有教育意义,以至于所有的听众都很感动。

So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结

舌。

例1 ____ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.

A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious

例2 So shallow was the lake that there is no fish in it. 湖那么浅,以至于里面没有鱼。

5. 副词only置于句首, 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时, 主句要进行部分倒装。

Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair. 只有在大城市里才能买到新轮

椅。

Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake. 只有当我

们再次研究了这些数据的时候, 我们才意识到出了一个错。

Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. 一些

预订被取消了, 他才得以买到了几张票。

Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。

Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已

经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

注意: 如果放于句首的only所修饰的不是状语时, 该句不用倒装。

例如: Only John can save me. 只有约翰能够救我。

Only some of the children passed the examination. 只有几个孩子通过了考试。

例1 Only after my friend came, ____.

A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer

C. was the computer repaired D. the computer repaired

例2 Only in this way can you master English. 只有这样你才能掌握英语。

6.地点的介词短语在句中作状语时,为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调状语,或为了使上下文紧密衔接时,句子全部倒装。

例1 In the dark forest ____, some large enough to hold several English towns.

A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand 例2 From the valley came a frightening sound. 山谷传来了吓人的声音。

Below the mountain ran a little stream. 山下有条小溪。

例3 They arrived at a small house, in front of which sat an old woman. 他们到了一个小屋,一位老太太坐在屋前面。

7.so/neither/nor开头的句子,说明前面的内容也适用于后者时,用倒装句“so/neither/nor +be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”。

如:She has been to Dalian and so have I.她去过大连,我也去过。

John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen.约翰不会讲日语,海伦也不会。

但同意对方的看法,表示“是的、确实”之意时,用“so+主语+be/have/助动词/情态动 词”句式,即主谓不倒装。目前考查这种句式的省份较多。

如:—Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.

—_______________, and so did I.

A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she

练习:

1.Only in this way _______ progress in your English.

A. you make B. can you make

C. you be able to make D. will you able to make

2.Only when the war was over in 1945 _______ to get a college education.

A. he was able B. he is able C. was he able D. is he able

3.Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.

A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know

4.Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.

A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize

5.Little _______ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.

A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared

6.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______ so happy.

A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt

7.No sooner had he finished his talk _______ he was surrounded by the workers.

A. as B. then C. than D. when

8._______ got into the room, _______ the telephone rang.

A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when

C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when

9.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______ with each other.

A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled

C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled

10.I like sports and _______ my brother.

A. so does B. so is C. so D. so likes

2015届高考英语---倒装句的基本考点

倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分

的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒。 倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.

只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。

如:Only once was John late to class. 部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。

英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的

倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。

1. 句首状语以否定词或半否定词开头的句子主谓要半倒装。这类词或短语主要有never,

neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time,

few, not, no等, 如: Not a word did I say to him.

Never have I found him so happy.

Little does he care about what I said.

No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep

例1 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____.

A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John 例2 ——You forgot your purse when you went out.

——Good heavens, ____. A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did

2.as引导让步状语从句时,常将表语或状语置于句首。as 引导让步状语从句的用法:引导让步状语从句时,as意为“虽然,尽管”,通常从句要倒装,倒装的方法是将从句表语或状语放在as之前,而用though引导让步状语从句时句字则不必倒装(口语中也可倒装)。

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意

他的建议。

Proud as he is , he is very kind.

Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.

例1 ____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be

C. Be a quiet student as he may be D. Quiet as he may be a student

例2 Difficult as the homework was, it was finished in time. 作业尽管难,还是及时完成了。例3 Try as he would, he might fail again. 尽管他尝试,可能会再一次失败。

3.在if 非真实条件句中,如果从句中有should, were或助动词had时,可省去if,将这些词提到句首。

例1 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 如果你处在我的位置,你也会这样做。 例2 Had he been given more time, he would have done it much better. 如果给更多时间,他会做得更好。

例3 Should Professor Smith come here tomorrow, we would discuss this matter with him again.

如果史密斯教授明天来,我们会再次和他谈这事。

4.在“here (there, now, then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,谓语动词为be, stand, lie, come, go, fall等的一般现在时或一般过去时,句子为全部倒装。

例1 Now comes your turn. 轮到你了。

例2 Then followed three days of heavy rain. 紧接着了三天大雨。

Here comes the old lady!

Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

There comes the bus.

注:代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。

例3 Here it is. 在这儿。

There ________. And here ________.

A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she

C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she

5.not until位于句首时。

如: Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19世纪初,人们才知道热是何物。

在复合句中,只有主句用倒装,until引导的从句不倒装。如:

Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking. 他直到失去健康才会戒酒。

6.在no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely/barely...when...结构中,前面部分位于句首时,其后的分句要部分倒装(谓语用过去完成时)。

如:Hardly had the baby seen the dog when she cried.那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。

No sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country.那位翻译刚踏进国门就又受命要去他国。

二、修辞倒装

1.以表方位的副词out, in, up, down, away,off 等开头的句子里,句子要全部倒装。目的是为了生动地描写这些动作。

Out rushed the boys. 男孩们冲了出来。

Away went his hat. 他的帽子掉了。

注:代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。 In he comes. 他进来了。

Out ________, with a stick in his hand.

A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush

________ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.

A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down

C. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped

2. 含有否定含义的词(词组) hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little, seldom, neither, nor, not until, no sooner, in no way, at no time, by no means等位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。 例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。

例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。

例1 Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.

A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was 例2 They have a good knowledge of English but little ____ they know about German.

A. have B. did C. had D. do

3. 并列连接词not only…but also, neither…nor等连接句子时,如果not only, neither在句首句子要用部分倒装。

Not only does he teach in school, but he writes novels.他不但在学校教书,而且还写小说。

Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently.她不但说得正确,而且说得流利。 例1 ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.

A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring

C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring

例2 Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 这调皮的男孩既未回家他的父母又没来找他。

例3 Neither at this meeting nor at the previous did they discuss the proposal. 在这次和上次会议上

4. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。

So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.那女孩那么漂

亮,她在选美比赛中获得冠军。

Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.他发表的演说那么有教育意义,以至于所有的听众都很感动。

So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结

舌。

例1 ____ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.

A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious

例2 So shallow was the lake that there is no fish in it. 湖那么浅,以至于里面没有鱼。

5. 副词only置于句首, 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时, 主句要进行部分倒装。

Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair. 只有在大城市里才能买到新轮

椅。

Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake. 只有当我

们再次研究了这些数据的时候, 我们才意识到出了一个错。

Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. 一些

预订被取消了, 他才得以买到了几张票。

Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。

Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已

经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

注意: 如果放于句首的only所修饰的不是状语时, 该句不用倒装。

例如: Only John can save me. 只有约翰能够救我。

Only some of the children passed the examination. 只有几个孩子通过了考试。

例1 Only after my friend came, ____.

A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer

C. was the computer repaired D. the computer repaired

例2 Only in this way can you master English. 只有这样你才能掌握英语。

6.地点的介词短语在句中作状语时,为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调状语,或为了使上下文紧密衔接时,句子全部倒装。

例1 In the dark forest ____, some large enough to hold several English towns.

A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand 例2 From the valley came a frightening sound. 山谷传来了吓人的声音。

Below the mountain ran a little stream. 山下有条小溪。

例3 They arrived at a small house, in front of which sat an old woman. 他们到了一个小屋,一位老太太坐在屋前面。

7.so/neither/nor开头的句子,说明前面的内容也适用于后者时,用倒装句“so/neither/nor +be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”。

如:She has been to Dalian and so have I.她去过大连,我也去过。

John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen.约翰不会讲日语,海伦也不会。

但同意对方的看法,表示“是的、确实”之意时,用“so+主语+be/have/助动词/情态动 词”句式,即主谓不倒装。目前考查这种句式的省份较多。

如:—Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.

—_______________, and so did I.

A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she

练习:

1.Only in this way _______ progress in your English.

A. you make B. can you make

C. you be able to make D. will you able to make

2.Only when the war was over in 1945 _______ to get a college education.

A. he was able B. he is able C. was he able D. is he able

3.Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.

A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know

4.Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.

A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize

5.Little _______ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.

A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared

6.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______ so happy.

A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt

7.No sooner had he finished his talk _______ he was surrounded by the workers.

A. as B. then C. than D. when

8._______ got into the room, _______ the telephone rang.

A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when

C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when

9.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______ with each other.

A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled

C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled

10.I like sports and _______ my brother.

A. so does B. so is C. so D. so likes


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