2010中考英语复习课本知识整理九年级Units 11-12
【知识梳理】
【课文解析】
重点单词
1．wonder v．想知道，疑惑1 wondered why she had left．我想 知道她为什么离开了。
思维拓展
He walked toward(s)the door．他向着门走去。
(2)toward(s)和to都可以表示方向，但又有所不同：toward(s)只表示朝着目的地方向移动，而to则含有到达的意思。
We drove toward(s)Miami．我们朝着迈阿密的方向开车。
We drove to Miami．我们开车去迈阿密。
(3)toward(s)用于表示时间、数量时，意为“接近”。
He came toward(s)the middle of March．他是在将近三月中旬 的时候来的。
4．point v．指。指向
“That's the man who did it，’she said，pointing at me.“那件事就是这个人干的，”她指着我说。
(1)point意为“指；指向”时，为不及物动词，其后可以跟介词at或to，然后跟指人或指物的名词。point at意为“指着”，表示用某物对准较近的某人或某物；point to意为“指向”，表示用于或指针朝向较远的某人或某物。
He pointed at the child with his pen．他用他的钢笔指着那个小孩。
The needle of a compass points to the north．罗盘针指向北方。
(2)point意为“(以某物)瞄准或对着”时，为及物动词，point的宾语后可接由 at或towards引导的短语。 It's rude to point your fingers at people.用手指指人是很失礼的。
We pointed a telescope towards the moon．我们用望远镜对着月亮。
(3)hang up挂起(衣服等)，挂断电话
She is hanging up her suit．她在挂衣服。
After arguing for ten minutes she hung up．争吵了10分钟后，她挂断了电话。
2．dress up穿上盛装，装扮
Many children like to dress up as ghosts on Halloween．许多 孩子喜欢在万圣节前夕装扮成鬼的样子。 思维拓展
(1)dress up in后通常接衣服等事物。
All the girls enjoy dressing up in their beautiful clothes．所有的女孩子都喜欢穿上她们漂亮的服装。
(2)dress up as后通常接某人。
The girl likes to dress up herself as an actress.那个女孩喜欢把自己打扮成一个演员的样子。
(3)dress sb．up“把某人打扮起来，给某人穿上某种农服”。
The girl dressed herself up for her friend's party．那个女孩穿上漂亮的衣服去参加朋友的宴会。
3．be supposed to应该……；应当……
You are supposed to write to her as soon as possible.你应该尽快给她写信 。 ’
be supposed to用在句中，主语是“人”时，表示“应该……”“被期望做……”，用来表示劝告、建议、义务、 责任等。其否定形式为be not supposed to。
You are supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the classroom．如果你想离开教室，你应当先问问老师。
You will get used to the weather here．你会习惯这里的天气的。
In the end，I got used t0 doing hard work．最后，我终于习惯于做艰苦的工作了。
I was used to driving in all kinds of weather．我习惯了在各种气候条件下开车。
【中考在线】
①根据汉语提示完成句子 John hates going to schoo1．He————(闲荡)in
the street all day．
② Now more and more boys like to ________some cool actors．
A．dress up in B．dressed up for C．dressed in D．dress up as
③ In China，students _______greet the teachers when classes begin．
A．are supposed to B. are suppose to C．suppose to
④ My grandfather __us stories when I was young．
A．was used to tell B．is used to telling， C．are used to tell D．was used to telling
答案：hangs out。点拨；“闲荡”用hang out表示，由于是一般现在时，因此填hangs out。
答案：D点拨：本题考查常用搭配的应用。句意：现在越来越多的男孩喜欢打扮成某些酷演员的样子。
在like to后接动词原形，所以B、C两项不合题意。dress up后通常接服装等，
故符合本题的短语只能是dress up as，即正确答案为D。
答案：A 点拨：考查．短语be supposed to do，sth“应该做某事”。
答案：D点拨：此题考查be used to doing sth．，意为“习惯于做某事”。
考点句型
1．Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 请你告诉我公共厕所在哪里好吗?
上句是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，where the restrooms are作动词tell的宾语。当一个句子作宾语时，
这个句子被称为宾语从句。宾语从句既可以作及物动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语和形容词的宾语。 Do you know where he lives? 你知道他住在哪里吗?
He said that he was from the USA．他说他来自美国。
思维拓展
(1)宾语从句的连接词
①that 引导宾语从句，that无意义，只起连接作用，在口语中或作非正式文体中常省略。
He said(that)it was very cold in Moscow．他说莫斯科非常冷。
②if／whether引导宾语从句，表示选择，意为“是否”。
He asked me if I knew her name．他问我是否知道她的名字。
Please tell me whether you can come or not．请告诉我你究竟来不来。
③由连接代词who／whom／which／what／whose或连接副词when／where／why／how引导宾语从句表示疑问。
I wonder whom our teacher wants to see．我想知道我们的老师要见谁。
Do you know why he was late again?你知道他为什么又迟到了吗?
(2)宾语从句的语序
宾语从句是疑问句时，必须用陈述语序。即：连接词+主语+谓语+其他。试比较：
What's your name?你叫什么名字?
I don't know what your name is.我不知道你叫什么名字。
(3)宾语从句的时态
①若主句是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据实际情况选用所需要的时态。
I know you were having a meeting at that time．我知道那时你正在开会。
②若主句足一般过去时，则宾语从句应选用相应的过去时态。
She said she missed us very much．她说她非常想念我们。
She told me she was writing a letter．她告诉我她正在写一封信。
③若从句叙述的是永恒的真理或客观事实，不管主句是什么时态，从句必须用一般现在时。
Our physics teacher told us light travels faster than sound．我们的物理老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
2．Could you tell me how to get to the post office?．你能告诉我怎样才能到达邮局吗?
(1)这是一个简单句，how to get to the post office是“疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中作tell的宾语。
Could you tell me how to work out the problem? 你能告诉我怎样才能做出这道题吗?
He doesn't know where to go．他不知道要去哪儿。
(2)“疑问词+不定式”结构中常用的疑问词包括疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词how，when，where，why等。
(3)“疑问词+不定式”结构常常转换为复合句，即把 “疑问词+不定式”变成“特殊疑问词+主句主语+情态动词+动词”的结构形式。
I really don't know what to do next．
I really don't know what I should do next．我实在不知道下一步该做什么。
I asked him how to learn English well．
I asked him how l could learn English well.我问他怎样才能学好英语。
3．There's always something happening．那里总有事情在发生。
There is／are…doing sth．意为“有：…“正在进行”。
Look! There are many students standing under that tree．看!有许多学生正在那棵树下站着。
There is an old man living here.有位老人住在这儿。
There are many people reading magazines in the reading—room．有很多人在阅览室看杂志。
4．However in order not to offend people． 然而，为了不冒犯别人。……
in order to表示“为了”，后接动词原形，在句中作目的状语，其否定形式是在to之前加not既in order not to do。如果后面接¨的状语从句，要用in order that
Let's close the window in order to keep the room warm．让我们关上窗户以保持房间温暖。
She went to England last year in order to learn English．
一She went to England last year in order that she could learn English．为了学习英语，去年她去了英国。
5．Spending time with family and friends is very important to us．对我们来说，和家人、朋友一起度过时光是很重要的。
此句中的spending time with family and friends是动名词短语作整个句子的主语，动名词作主语时要看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Playing with fire is dangerous．玩火是危险的。
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你的健康有好处。
Learning English well is important to us．学好英语对我们来说很重要。
6…·，I find it difficult to remember everything…．．．我发现记住每件事情是很难的。……
“find it+形容词+动词不定式”表示“发现做某事……”，这里的it是一个形式宾语，后面的动词不定式为真正的宾语，形容词作宾语补足语。
I find it interesting to surf the internet．我发现在网上冲浪很有趣。
He found it easy to work out the problem． 他发现算出那道题很容易。
【中考在线】
① 一Can you tell me ?
一She is in the computer lab．
A．where Linda was B．where is Linda C．where was Linda D．where Linda is
② We are going for a picnic tomorrow．I'll call Wendy to make sure__________. A．why to start
B．when to start． C．what to start D．which to start
③．
A．happens B．to happen C．happened D．happening
④ Don't you think important to protect our earth?
A．that B．how C．it D．this
⑤根据汉语意思完成句子
多喝水对我们的健康有益。
——more water is good for our——．
⑥He got up very early _________he could catch up with the early bus．
A．in order to B．so as to C．in order that D．in order
⑦ Did Mrs. King leave a message?
——Yes．She wanted to know ____this Sunday．
辨析：borrow，lend与keep都有”借”的意思。①borrow指从主语的角度“借进、借入”，表示“从(向)……借……”，自己暂时使用，常与 from连用，构成borrow sth．from sb.结构。②lend指“把……借给”，表示将自己的东西暂时借出给别人，常与to连用，构成lend sth．to sb．结构。③keep指借阅或保留多长时间，常与how long，for引导的时问状语连用。
Ⅲ．if／whether
辨析：在宾语从句中，if和whether在一般情况下可以互换。但是当介词后面接宾语从句时，连词需要用Whether，而不能用if。另外，if不能和动词不定式连用构成不定式短语。
【语法讲解】
宾语从句的概念
宾语是句子的重要成分之一，在多数情况下，是由名词性的词类充当的。如果宾语部分是由一个句子充
当的话，则被称为宾语从句。我们以前学过的间接引语实质上就是宾语从句。如：Mary said that she was going to visit Hong Kong.（that引导的宾语从句）
宾语从句三件事，时态语序连接词；
主从时态要一致，陈述语序才合适；
一般问句做从句，连接词if别忘记；
特殊问句做宾从，特殊问词莫漏掉。
宾语从句的三要素——时态、语序、连接词
（1）时态：主句和从句的时态必须保持一致。即主句为一般现在时，从句可根据需要选择各种时态； 如果主句是一般过去时，从句只能用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过
去将
来时等）。
We’re sorry to hear that your mother is ill.（主句是一般现在时，从句一般现在时）听说你母亲病了，我们很难过。
Mr. Black didn’t know why Jenny was late again.（主句是一般过去时，从句一般过去时）。布莱克先生不清楚为什么珍妮又迟到了。
（2）语序：不管什么类型的宾语从句，总是用陈述句语序。即：从句的连接词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序。当连接词做主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。
I shall write to you what I want to say.（连接词+主谓陈述语序，what不是疑问词）我会写给你我想说的话。 She asked who is the boss of this store.（连接词做主语+系表结构）
（3）连接词：宾语从句是陈述句时，连接词用that；宾语从句是一般疑问句时，连接词用if或whether；宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连接词直接用特殊疑问词做引导词，后面变为陈述语序，如who, what, why, where, whose等。具体类型，在下文详细讲述。
宾语从句的类型
（1）由that引导的宾语从句，从句为陈述句，注意时态要保持一致。
（2）由if, whether引导的宾语从句，要注意时态的一致以及陈述语序。If, whether的意思是“是否”，用来引导一般疑问句变成的宾语从句。
I want to know whether（if）you can repair the recorder or not.不知道你是否能修理录音机？
（3）由who, what, how, which, whose, where, when, why等引导的宾语从句，特殊疑问词作为引导词，没有疑问的作用，但本身的意思不变。要注意时态的一致和陈述语序。
The reporter will tell us what he saw and heard in Japan.这个记者要给我们讲讲他在日本的见闻。
Do you know where the Great Pyramid is? 你知道大金字塔在什么地方吗？
在这一单元中，我们重点练习where引导的宾语从句。Where后面的从句一定要用陈述语序。 Do you know where I can get a dictionary?你知道我在哪里能买到字典？
Can you please tell me where I can get some magazines? 你能告诉我在哪儿能买到一些杂志？
单元测试题
I．单项填空(20分)
( )1．What you said made me_______ sad.
A．feel B．felt C．feeling D．to feel
( )2．The village is building a school．I hope it _______before August this year．
A．finishes B．will finish．
C．is finished D．will be finished
( )3．It’s a good habit_______ breakfast every day．
A．hand B．have C．has D．to have
( )4．You shouldn’t point_______ anyone with your fingers．
A．with B．up C．at D．of
( )5．We are offered hot water_______ on the train．
A．drinks B．drinking C．to drink D．drank
( )6．If you don’t go to the meeting tomorrow，_______．
A．he will，too B．he won’t，either
C．he does，too D．he doesn’t，either
( )7．I find it necessary_______ more about other countries．
A．know B．knows C．knowing D．to know
( )8．He hardly knows anything about France，_______?
A．doesn’t he B．does he
C．didn’t he D．did he
( )9．The first thing to do is to find a room_______．
A．to live B．to live in
C．living D．living in
( )10．Mrs.．Smith warned her husband _______after drinking．
A．never to drive B．to never drive
C．never driving D．never drive
( )11．What_______ you supposed_______ when you are in Korea?
A．do；to do B．are；to do
C．are；doing D．have；to do
( )12．Sir，you should _______at the red light．But you didn’t．
A．stop B．have stopped
C．not have stopped D．have to wait
( )13．I_______ your father_______ come here next week．
A．suppose；can’t B．don’t suppose；can
C．don’t suppose；can’t D．suppose；should have come
( )14．________your help，I can’t get the information about Hawaii easily．
A．With B．Without C．Under D．Below
( )15．They usually plan________ in Switzerland．
A．do something interesting
B．to do interesting something
C．to do anything interesting
D．to go somewhere together
( )16．After he got off the taxi，he was travelling to the train station________.
A．by taxi B．by train C．on foot
( )17．He wanted to start________ the smallest country and end ______the largest one．
A．with；with B．in；in
C．for；for D．at；at
( )18．—Is your stomachache getting________?
—No．It’s worse．
A．better B．bad C．less D．well
( )19．—Can you guess if they________ to play basketball with us?
—I think they’ll come if they________ free．
A．come；are B．will come；will be
C．will come；are D．come；will be
( )20．I thought ________very useful to know the customs of foreign countries．
A．that B．this C．it D．／
II．句型转换(10分)
1．You are not supposed to make noise while you are eating noodles．(改为简单句)
You are not supposed to make noise________ ________ ________.
2．Liu Mei didn’t know．Will there be a party? (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Liu Mei didn’t know________ ________ ________a party.
3．．(就划线部分提问)
________ is the youngest person supposed to________?
4．The girl is David’s sister．She is playing the piano．(改为含定语从句的复合句)
The girl________ ________playing the piano ________David’s sister．
5．I saw your daughter stick her chopsticks into her food just now．(改为被动语态)
Your daughter______ ________ ______ _______her chopsticks into her food just now．
III．完形填空(15分)
A man took a pair of brown shoes to a shoe repair shop and said to the shoemaker，“I’d like you to ．”
“Certainly，sir．”the shoemaker said．
“ will they be ready?”the man asked．
“I’busy．but they’ll probably be ready for you on Thursday．”he said．
“That’s fine．”the man said，and left the shop．
，giving him a job in another country．Within (在„„之内)24 hours he was on a plane to his new job．
．He remembered his shoes．
“They were a good pair of shoes，”he thought．“the shoemaker
is still there and has them．I’ll go and see．”
，though he was an old man． “Good morning．”he said to him．“ repaired．Do you think you’ve still got them?”
“Name?”the shoemaker asked．
“Smith．”the man said．
“I’ll go and see．They may be out back．”
The shoemaker went out to the back of his shop and a few minutes later returned． “Here they are，”he said．“One pair of brown shoes will be repaired．I’m a bit busy now but they’ll Thursday．”
( )1．A．for B．to C．with D．of
( )2．A．What time B．When C．Where D．Which
( )3．A．a bit B．a little of C．much D．more
( )4．A．gets B．has C．received D．was
( )5．A．passes B．passed C．go D．lost
( )6．A．if B．why C．when D．where
( )7．A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see
( )8．A．before B．ago C．later D．after
( )9．A．carrying B．carried C．carry D．carries
( )10．A．in B．at C．of D．on
IV．把A栏的句子与B栏的答语搭配起来(5分)
A
1．When are you supposed to go to Chengdu?
2．How am I supposed to greet my teacher?
3．What am I supposed to wear to a picnic?
4．Is it polite to eat on the street?
5．Where am I supposed to get off the train?
B
A．No，you’re not supposed to do that!
B．Yon should bow like this．
C．At the last stop at the Central Station．
D．I think I will leave next Wednesday afternoon．
E．Wear comfortable clothes like blue jeans．
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4． ________
V．阅读理解(20分) 5．________
A
Stephen Hawking was born in 1942．He’s a world-famous scientist and expert on space and
time．Stephen is trying to find the answers to some very big questions，such as：How did the universe begin? How will it end?
Stephen was a student at Oxford University．He studied math and science．Then at the age of twenty，
he became very ill．He was so young，but the doctors said to his family，“He has only two more years to live．”The doctors were wrong-he didn’t die．He couldn’t walk but he used a wheelchair(轮椅)．He talked with the help of a computer．After Oxford，Stephen went to Cambridge University．Three years later，in 1965，he became a doctor(博士)of philosophy(哲学)．
Because of his health problems，it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write．So he started to
think in pictures．With this new way of thinking，he became one of the most famous scientists in the world．In 1981，he met the Pope(教皇)in Rome．They talked about his ideas．Then，in 1988，he wrote his first important book A Brief History of Time．It sold more than 5.5 million copies(册)in 33 different languages．
根据短文内容回答问题。
1．What did Stephen Hawking study at Oxford University?
_______________________________________________________
2．When did he become very ill?
______________________________________________________ 3．What did the doctors think of his disease?
_____________________________________________________
4．Why did he start to think in pictures after he was badly ill?
___________________________________________________
( )6．The story is about________．
A．the culture of Thailand
B．how to plan an overseas trip
C．dangerous experiences
D．why people travel to foreign countries
( )7．The writer thinks that large cities in foreign countries_______．
A．do not offer a warm welcome to foreigners
B．share the same airlines
C．are very similar to each other
D．do not have good hotels
( )8．The writer believes that many tourists are interested in foreign_________．
A．airlines B．hotels C．programmers D．histories
( )9．“Cultural tourism”means_______．
A．tourists being interested in a nation’s past and ideas
B．studying the history of a foreign country
C．visiting lots of museums
D．foreigners need to sell their museums to tourists
( )10．Some rather quiet places are popular because________．
A．their people are so friendly C．they are expensive B．they sell their works of art D．they have sensible governments
VI．书面表达(20分)
请根据下面的一封信写一封回信，约80词左右。
Dear Tom，
I like your programs very much．
I’m writing to ask you something about American social customs．My American friends
want me to join them in their dinner party．I’m very happy and have decided to go，but I’m a bit worried about it．The social customs in my country are different from there．so I’m afraid of making mistakes．
Should I bring a present? Should I arrive on time or a bit late? At the dinner table，how can I know
which fork or knife to use? How can I let the family know that I’m thankful for their kindness?
Yours，
Xiao Ming
III．1～5 ABACB 6～10 ADBAD
IV．1～5 DBEAC
V．1．He studied math and science there．／Math and science．
2．He became very ill in 1962．／In 1962．／At the age of 20．／When he was twenty．
3．The doctors thought that he had two more years to live．／He had two more years to live．／He couldn’t
be saved．He would die in two years．
4．Because it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write．
5．He is a person／man who never gives up．／He is great／very famous．
6～10 DCDAA
VI．One possible version:
Dear Xiao Ming，
It’s a good idea to bring a small present when you go to a dinner party．Flowers are always nice，or
you may bring a bottle of wine if you know that your friends drink it．You should arrive on time or five minutes late．Don’t get there early．If you are going to be more than fifteen minutes late，you should call and tell them．Try to be free at the dinner table．If you don’t know how to use the fork and the knife，just watch the other people，and follow them．If you still have no idea of what to do，ask the person next to you．If you like the food，say so．Of course，you should thank them for the dinner and for the kindness．It’s a good idea to call them for their kindness．
Yours，
Tom
2010中考英语复习课本知识整理九年级Units 11-12
【知识梳理】
【课文解析】
重点单词
1．wonder v．想知道，疑惑1 wondered why she had left．我想 知道她为什么离开了。
思维拓展
He walked toward(s)the door．他向着门走去。
(2)toward(s)和to都可以表示方向，但又有所不同：toward(s)只表示朝着目的地方向移动，而to则含有到达的意思。
We drove toward(s)Miami．我们朝着迈阿密的方向开车。
We drove to Miami．我们开车去迈阿密。
(3)toward(s)用于表示时间、数量时，意为“接近”。
He came toward(s)the middle of March．他是在将近三月中旬 的时候来的。
4．point v．指。指向
“That's the man who did it，’she said，pointing at me.“那件事就是这个人干的，”她指着我说。
(1)point意为“指；指向”时，为不及物动词，其后可以跟介词at或to，然后跟指人或指物的名词。point at意为“指着”，表示用某物对准较近的某人或某物；point to意为“指向”，表示用于或指针朝向较远的某人或某物。
He pointed at the child with his pen．他用他的钢笔指着那个小孩。
The needle of a compass points to the north．罗盘针指向北方。
(2)point意为“(以某物)瞄准或对着”时，为及物动词，point的宾语后可接由 at或towards引导的短语。 It's rude to point your fingers at people.用手指指人是很失礼的。
We pointed a telescope towards the moon．我们用望远镜对着月亮。
(3)hang up挂起(衣服等)，挂断电话
She is hanging up her suit．她在挂衣服。
After arguing for ten minutes she hung up．争吵了10分钟后，她挂断了电话。
2．dress up穿上盛装，装扮
Many children like to dress up as ghosts on Halloween．许多 孩子喜欢在万圣节前夕装扮成鬼的样子。 思维拓展
(1)dress up in后通常接衣服等事物。
All the girls enjoy dressing up in their beautiful clothes．所有的女孩子都喜欢穿上她们漂亮的服装。
(2)dress up as后通常接某人。
The girl likes to dress up herself as an actress.那个女孩喜欢把自己打扮成一个演员的样子。
(3)dress sb．up“把某人打扮起来，给某人穿上某种农服”。
The girl dressed herself up for her friend's party．那个女孩穿上漂亮的衣服去参加朋友的宴会。
3．be supposed to应该……；应当……
You are supposed to write to her as soon as possible.你应该尽快给她写信 。 ’
be supposed to用在句中，主语是“人”时，表示“应该……”“被期望做……”，用来表示劝告、建议、义务、 责任等。其否定形式为be not supposed to。
You are supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the classroom．如果你想离开教室，你应当先问问老师。
You will get used to the weather here．你会习惯这里的天气的。
In the end，I got used t0 doing hard work．最后，我终于习惯于做艰苦的工作了。
I was used to driving in all kinds of weather．我习惯了在各种气候条件下开车。
【中考在线】
①根据汉语提示完成句子 John hates going to schoo1．He————(闲荡)in
the street all day．
② Now more and more boys like to ________some cool actors．
A．dress up in B．dressed up for C．dressed in D．dress up as
③ In China，students _______greet the teachers when classes begin．
A．are supposed to B. are suppose to C．suppose to
④ My grandfather __us stories when I was young．
A．was used to tell B．is used to telling， C．are used to tell D．was used to telling
答案：hangs out。点拨；“闲荡”用hang out表示，由于是一般现在时，因此填hangs out。
答案：D点拨：本题考查常用搭配的应用。句意：现在越来越多的男孩喜欢打扮成某些酷演员的样子。
在like to后接动词原形，所以B、C两项不合题意。dress up后通常接服装等，
故符合本题的短语只能是dress up as，即正确答案为D。
答案：A 点拨：考查．短语be supposed to do，sth“应该做某事”。
答案：D点拨：此题考查be used to doing sth．，意为“习惯于做某事”。
考点句型
1．Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 请你告诉我公共厕所在哪里好吗?
上句是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，where the restrooms are作动词tell的宾语。当一个句子作宾语时，
这个句子被称为宾语从句。宾语从句既可以作及物动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语和形容词的宾语。 Do you know where he lives? 你知道他住在哪里吗?
He said that he was from the USA．他说他来自美国。
思维拓展
(1)宾语从句的连接词
①that 引导宾语从句，that无意义，只起连接作用，在口语中或作非正式文体中常省略。
He said(that)it was very cold in Moscow．他说莫斯科非常冷。
②if／whether引导宾语从句，表示选择，意为“是否”。
He asked me if I knew her name．他问我是否知道她的名字。
Please tell me whether you can come or not．请告诉我你究竟来不来。
③由连接代词who／whom／which／what／whose或连接副词when／where／why／how引导宾语从句表示疑问。
I wonder whom our teacher wants to see．我想知道我们的老师要见谁。
Do you know why he was late again?你知道他为什么又迟到了吗?
(2)宾语从句的语序
宾语从句是疑问句时，必须用陈述语序。即：连接词+主语+谓语+其他。试比较：
What's your name?你叫什么名字?
I don't know what your name is.我不知道你叫什么名字。
(3)宾语从句的时态
①若主句是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据实际情况选用所需要的时态。
I know you were having a meeting at that time．我知道那时你正在开会。
②若主句足一般过去时，则宾语从句应选用相应的过去时态。
She said she missed us very much．她说她非常想念我们。
She told me she was writing a letter．她告诉我她正在写一封信。
③若从句叙述的是永恒的真理或客观事实，不管主句是什么时态，从句必须用一般现在时。
Our physics teacher told us light travels faster than sound．我们的物理老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
2．Could you tell me how to get to the post office?．你能告诉我怎样才能到达邮局吗?
(1)这是一个简单句，how to get to the post office是“疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中作tell的宾语。
Could you tell me how to work out the problem? 你能告诉我怎样才能做出这道题吗?
He doesn't know where to go．他不知道要去哪儿。
(2)“疑问词+不定式”结构中常用的疑问词包括疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词how，when，where，why等。
(3)“疑问词+不定式”结构常常转换为复合句，即把 “疑问词+不定式”变成“特殊疑问词+主句主语+情态动词+动词”的结构形式。
I really don't know what to do next．
I really don't know what I should do next．我实在不知道下一步该做什么。
I asked him how to learn English well．
I asked him how l could learn English well.我问他怎样才能学好英语。
3．There's always something happening．那里总有事情在发生。
There is／are…doing sth．意为“有：…“正在进行”。
Look! There are many students standing under that tree．看!有许多学生正在那棵树下站着。
There is an old man living here.有位老人住在这儿。
There are many people reading magazines in the reading—room．有很多人在阅览室看杂志。
4．However in order not to offend people． 然而，为了不冒犯别人。……
in order to表示“为了”，后接动词原形，在句中作目的状语，其否定形式是在to之前加not既in order not to do。如果后面接¨的状语从句，要用in order that
Let's close the window in order to keep the room warm．让我们关上窗户以保持房间温暖。
She went to England last year in order to learn English．
一She went to England last year in order that she could learn English．为了学习英语，去年她去了英国。
5．Spending time with family and friends is very important to us．对我们来说，和家人、朋友一起度过时光是很重要的。
此句中的spending time with family and friends是动名词短语作整个句子的主语，动名词作主语时要看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Playing with fire is dangerous．玩火是危险的。
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你的健康有好处。
Learning English well is important to us．学好英语对我们来说很重要。
6…·，I find it difficult to remember everything…．．．我发现记住每件事情是很难的。……
“find it+形容词+动词不定式”表示“发现做某事……”，这里的it是一个形式宾语，后面的动词不定式为真正的宾语，形容词作宾语补足语。
I find it interesting to surf the internet．我发现在网上冲浪很有趣。
He found it easy to work out the problem． 他发现算出那道题很容易。
【中考在线】
① 一Can you tell me ?
一She is in the computer lab．
A．where Linda was B．where is Linda C．where was Linda D．where Linda is
② We are going for a picnic tomorrow．I'll call Wendy to make sure__________. A．why to start
B．when to start． C．what to start D．which to start
③．
A．happens B．to happen C．happened D．happening
④ Don't you think important to protect our earth?
A．that B．how C．it D．this
⑤根据汉语意思完成句子
多喝水对我们的健康有益。
——more water is good for our——．
⑥He got up very early _________he could catch up with the early bus．
A．in order to B．so as to C．in order that D．in order
⑦ Did Mrs. King leave a message?
——Yes．She wanted to know ____this Sunday．
辨析：borrow，lend与keep都有”借”的意思。①borrow指从主语的角度“借进、借入”，表示“从(向)……借……”，自己暂时使用，常与 from连用，构成borrow sth．from sb.结构。②lend指“把……借给”，表示将自己的东西暂时借出给别人，常与to连用，构成lend sth．to sb．结构。③keep指借阅或保留多长时间，常与how long，for引导的时问状语连用。
Ⅲ．if／whether
辨析：在宾语从句中，if和whether在一般情况下可以互换。但是当介词后面接宾语从句时，连词需要用Whether，而不能用if。另外，if不能和动词不定式连用构成不定式短语。
【语法讲解】
宾语从句的概念
宾语是句子的重要成分之一，在多数情况下，是由名词性的词类充当的。如果宾语部分是由一个句子充
当的话，则被称为宾语从句。我们以前学过的间接引语实质上就是宾语从句。如：Mary said that she was going to visit Hong Kong.（that引导的宾语从句）
宾语从句三件事，时态语序连接词；
主从时态要一致，陈述语序才合适；
一般问句做从句，连接词if别忘记；
特殊问句做宾从，特殊问词莫漏掉。
宾语从句的三要素——时态、语序、连接词
（1）时态：主句和从句的时态必须保持一致。即主句为一般现在时，从句可根据需要选择各种时态； 如果主句是一般过去时，从句只能用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过
去将
来时等）。
We’re sorry to hear that your mother is ill.（主句是一般现在时，从句一般现在时）听说你母亲病了，我们很难过。
Mr. Black didn’t know why Jenny was late again.（主句是一般过去时，从句一般过去时）。布莱克先生不清楚为什么珍妮又迟到了。
（2）语序：不管什么类型的宾语从句，总是用陈述句语序。即：从句的连接词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序。当连接词做主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。
I shall write to you what I want to say.（连接词+主谓陈述语序，what不是疑问词）我会写给你我想说的话。 She asked who is the boss of this store.（连接词做主语+系表结构）
（3）连接词：宾语从句是陈述句时，连接词用that；宾语从句是一般疑问句时，连接词用if或whether；宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连接词直接用特殊疑问词做引导词，后面变为陈述语序，如who, what, why, where, whose等。具体类型，在下文详细讲述。
宾语从句的类型
（1）由that引导的宾语从句，从句为陈述句，注意时态要保持一致。
（2）由if, whether引导的宾语从句，要注意时态的一致以及陈述语序。If, whether的意思是“是否”，用来引导一般疑问句变成的宾语从句。
I want to know whether（if）you can repair the recorder or not.不知道你是否能修理录音机？
（3）由who, what, how, which, whose, where, when, why等引导的宾语从句，特殊疑问词作为引导词，没有疑问的作用，但本身的意思不变。要注意时态的一致和陈述语序。
The reporter will tell us what he saw and heard in Japan.这个记者要给我们讲讲他在日本的见闻。
Do you know where the Great Pyramid is? 你知道大金字塔在什么地方吗？
在这一单元中，我们重点练习where引导的宾语从句。Where后面的从句一定要用陈述语序。 Do you know where I can get a dictionary?你知道我在哪里能买到字典？
Can you please tell me where I can get some magazines? 你能告诉我在哪儿能买到一些杂志？
单元测试题
I．单项填空(20分)
( )1．What you said made me_______ sad.
A．feel B．felt C．feeling D．to feel
( )2．The village is building a school．I hope it _______before August this year．
A．finishes B．will finish．
C．is finished D．will be finished
( )3．It’s a good habit_______ breakfast every day．
A．hand B．have C．has D．to have
( )4．You shouldn’t point_______ anyone with your fingers．
A．with B．up C．at D．of
( )5．We are offered hot water_______ on the train．
A．drinks B．drinking C．to drink D．drank
( )6．If you don’t go to the meeting tomorrow，_______．
A．he will，too B．he won’t，either
C．he does，too D．he doesn’t，either
( )7．I find it necessary_______ more about other countries．
A．know B．knows C．knowing D．to know
( )8．He hardly knows anything about France，_______?
A．doesn’t he B．does he
C．didn’t he D．did he
( )9．The first thing to do is to find a room_______．
A．to live B．to live in
C．living D．living in
( )10．Mrs.．Smith warned her husband _______after drinking．
A．never to drive B．to never drive
C．never driving D．never drive
( )11．What_______ you supposed_______ when you are in Korea?
A．do；to do B．are；to do
C．are；doing D．have；to do
( )12．Sir，you should _______at the red light．But you didn’t．
A．stop B．have stopped
C．not have stopped D．have to wait
( )13．I_______ your father_______ come here next week．
A．suppose；can’t B．don’t suppose；can
C．don’t suppose；can’t D．suppose；should have come
( )14．________your help，I can’t get the information about Hawaii easily．
A．With B．Without C．Under D．Below
( )15．They usually plan________ in Switzerland．
A．do something interesting
B．to do interesting something
C．to do anything interesting
D．to go somewhere together
( )16．After he got off the taxi，he was travelling to the train station________.
A．by taxi B．by train C．on foot
( )17．He wanted to start________ the smallest country and end ______the largest one．
A．with；with B．in；in
C．for；for D．at；at
( )18．—Is your stomachache getting________?
—No．It’s worse．
A．better B．bad C．less D．well
( )19．—Can you guess if they________ to play basketball with us?
—I think they’ll come if they________ free．
A．come；are B．will come；will be
C．will come；are D．come；will be
( )20．I thought ________very useful to know the customs of foreign countries．
A．that B．this C．it D．／
II．句型转换(10分)
1．You are not supposed to make noise while you are eating noodles．(改为简单句)
You are not supposed to make noise________ ________ ________.
2．Liu Mei didn’t know．Will there be a party? (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Liu Mei didn’t know________ ________ ________a party.
3．．(就划线部分提问)
________ is the youngest person supposed to________?
4．The girl is David’s sister．She is playing the piano．(改为含定语从句的复合句)
The girl________ ________playing the piano ________David’s sister．
5．I saw your daughter stick her chopsticks into her food just now．(改为被动语态)
Your daughter______ ________ ______ _______her chopsticks into her food just now．
III．完形填空(15分)
A man took a pair of brown shoes to a shoe repair shop and said to the shoemaker，“I’d like you to ．”
“Certainly，sir．”the shoemaker said．
“ will they be ready?”the man asked．
“I’busy．but they’ll probably be ready for you on Thursday．”he said．
“That’s fine．”the man said，and left the shop．
，giving him a job in another country．Within (在„„之内)24 hours he was on a plane to his new job．
．He remembered his shoes．
“They were a good pair of shoes，”he thought．“the shoemaker
is still there and has them．I’ll go and see．”
，though he was an old man． “Good morning．”he said to him．“ repaired．Do you think you’ve still got them?”
“Name?”the shoemaker asked．
“Smith．”the man said．
“I’ll go and see．They may be out back．”
The shoemaker went out to the back of his shop and a few minutes later returned． “Here they are，”he said．“One pair of brown shoes will be repaired．I’m a bit busy now but they’ll Thursday．”
( )1．A．for B．to C．with D．of
( )2．A．What time B．When C．Where D．Which
( )3．A．a bit B．a little of C．much D．more
( )4．A．gets B．has C．received D．was
( )5．A．passes B．passed C．go D．lost
( )6．A．if B．why C．when D．where
( )7．A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see
( )8．A．before B．ago C．later D．after
( )9．A．carrying B．carried C．carry D．carries
( )10．A．in B．at C．of D．on
IV．把A栏的句子与B栏的答语搭配起来(5分)
A
1．When are you supposed to go to Chengdu?
2．How am I supposed to greet my teacher?
3．What am I supposed to wear to a picnic?
4．Is it polite to eat on the street?
5．Where am I supposed to get off the train?
B
A．No，you’re not supposed to do that!
B．Yon should bow like this．
C．At the last stop at the Central Station．
D．I think I will leave next Wednesday afternoon．
E．Wear comfortable clothes like blue jeans．
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4． ________
V．阅读理解(20分) 5．________
A
Stephen Hawking was born in 1942．He’s a world-famous scientist and expert on space and
time．Stephen is trying to find the answers to some very big questions，such as：How did the universe begin? How will it end?
Stephen was a student at Oxford University．He studied math and science．Then at the age of twenty，
he became very ill．He was so young，but the doctors said to his family，“He has only two more years to live．”The doctors were wrong-he didn’t die．He couldn’t walk but he used a wheelchair(轮椅)．He talked with the help of a computer．After Oxford，Stephen went to Cambridge University．Three years later，in 1965，he became a doctor(博士)of philosophy(哲学)．
Because of his health problems，it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write．So he started to
think in pictures．With this new way of thinking，he became one of the most famous scientists in the world．In 1981，he met the Pope(教皇)in Rome．They talked about his ideas．Then，in 1988，he wrote his first important book A Brief History of Time．It sold more than 5.5 million copies(册)in 33 different languages．
根据短文内容回答问题。
1．What did Stephen Hawking study at Oxford University?
_______________________________________________________
2．When did he become very ill?
______________________________________________________ 3．What did the doctors think of his disease?
_____________________________________________________
4．Why did he start to think in pictures after he was badly ill?
___________________________________________________
( )6．The story is about________．
A．the culture of Thailand
B．how to plan an overseas trip
C．dangerous experiences
D．why people travel to foreign countries
( )7．The writer thinks that large cities in foreign countries_______．
A．do not offer a warm welcome to foreigners
B．share the same airlines
C．are very similar to each other
D．do not have good hotels
( )8．The writer believes that many tourists are interested in foreign_________．
A．airlines B．hotels C．programmers D．histories
( )9．“Cultural tourism”means_______．
A．tourists being interested in a nation’s past and ideas
B．studying the history of a foreign country
C．visiting lots of museums
D．foreigners need to sell their museums to tourists
( )10．Some rather quiet places are popular because________．
A．their people are so friendly C．they are expensive B．they sell their works of art D．they have sensible governments
VI．书面表达(20分)
请根据下面的一封信写一封回信，约80词左右。
Dear Tom，
I like your programs very much．
I’m writing to ask you something about American social customs．My American friends
want me to join them in their dinner party．I’m very happy and have decided to go，but I’m a bit worried about it．The social customs in my country are different from there．so I’m afraid of making mistakes．
Should I bring a present? Should I arrive on time or a bit late? At the dinner table，how can I know
which fork or knife to use? How can I let the family know that I’m thankful for their kindness?
Yours，
Xiao Ming
III．1～5 ABACB 6～10 ADBAD
IV．1～5 DBEAC
V．1．He studied math and science there．／Math and science．
2．He became very ill in 1962．／In 1962．／At the age of 20．／When he was twenty．
3．The doctors thought that he had two more years to live．／He had two more years to live．／He couldn’t
be saved．He would die in two years．
4．Because it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write．
5．He is a person／man who never gives up．／He is great／very famous．
6～10 DCDAA
VI．One possible version:
Dear Xiao Ming，
It’s a good idea to bring a small present when you go to a dinner party．Flowers are always nice，or
you may bring a bottle of wine if you know that your friends drink it．You should arrive on time or five minutes late．Don’t get there early．If you are going to be more than fifteen minutes late，you should call and tell them．Try to be free at the dinner table．If you don’t know how to use the fork and the knife，just watch the other people，and follow them．If you still have no idea of what to do，ask the person next to you．If you like the food，say so．Of course，you should thank them for the dinner and for the kindness．It’s a good idea to call them for their kindness．
Yours，
Tom