引用格式及参考文献说明
为了便于大家熟悉引用及参考文献格式，我们假设在下面论文中会引用到四大天王刘德华、张学友、黎明、郭富城的著作或文章内容如下（纯属虚构）。 刘德华：“随着改革开放的推进以及全球化步伐的加快，中国已经超越日本成文世界第二大经济体，且10年内有望成为第一大经济体。”（引自《中国经济展望》，南阳世纪龙出版社，2016年，第99页。）
张学友：“随着中国经济发展取得耀眼成功，中国尤其是南阳在英语教育领域所取得的成绩丝毫不逊色。” （引自“南阳英语教育：历史、现状与未来”《南阳万德隆大学学报》，2016年，20卷第3期，第99-100页。）
黎明：“英语几乎贯穿于各个级别的教育，从小学直至大学，说它关系每一个中国学生毫不为过。” （引自《变化中的英语教育：英语在中国教育体系中的地位》，许文虎译，南阳卧龙岗出版社, 2019，第250页。）
郭富城：“南阳师范学院已向社会输送数万名双语人才，很多毕业生奋斗在促进南阳和外界合作与交流的第一线；因此，荣誉属于所有为促进南阳英语教育而辛勤耕耘的英语老师们，没有他们的辛劳，以上成绩难以为继。” （引自“南阳英语教育的成就”，南阳万德隆大学硕士论文，2016年，第10-12页。）
格式一：直接引用型（带双引号，必须注明[序号: 页码]，标注于作者姓之后或引用原话之后皆可）
1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the Present Study
English Language Education
1.1.1.1 English Language Education in Nanyang
“With the furtherance of China’s reform and opening-up and with globalization quickening its pace, China has overtaken Japan as the second largest economy in the world and is en route to becoming the largest one in about a decade”, says Liu [1: 99](均位于句号以内). Meanwhile, as Zhang observes, “In parallel with the glittering success of China’s economic boom, the development of English language education in China, especially that in Nanyang, is no less impressive” [2: 99-100]. It is fitting and proper to say that “English is of close concern to every Chinese
student given its omnipresence at virtually all levels of Chinese education ranging from primary schools all the way to universities” [3: 250]. Since the inception of English education in Nanyang Normal University, “thousands of bilingual talents have been churned out thus far, many of whom have been playing an active role in the forefront of enhancing exchanges and cooperation between Nanyang and the rest of the world using English as the main communicative tool, and therefore in this sense, credit should be given ad hoc to all the English teachers for their painstaking efforts in promoting English education in Nanyang, without whose toil and moil the above-mentioned achievements would have been barely possible” [4: 10-12]. (Authored by Xu Wenhu and not intended for any reproduction or distribution! For reference only…)
„„„„ „„„„ „„„„„„
格式二：间接引用型（不带双引号，即将所引用原句用自己的话paraphrase或recapitulate，此时页码为可选项，[序号]标注于作者姓之后或引用原话之后皆可）
1. Introduction
1.2 Background of the Present Study
English Language Education
1.1.1.1 English Language Education in Nanyang
With the furtherance of China’s reform and opening-up and with globalization quickening its pace, China has overtaken Japan as the second largest economy in the world and is en route to becoming the largest one in about a decade, says Liu [1]. Meanwhile, as Zhang [2: 99-100] observes, in parallel with the glittering success of China’s economic boom, the development of English language education in China,
especially that in Nanyang, is no less impressive. It is fitting and proper to say that English is of close concern to every Chinese student given its omnipresence at virtually all levels of Chinese education ranging from primary schools all the way to universities [3]. Since the inception of English education in Nanyang Normal University, thousands of bilingual talents have been churned out thus far, many of whom have been playing an active role in the forefront of enhancing exchanges and cooperation between Nanyang and the rest of the world using English as the main communicative tool, and therefore in this sense, credit should be given ad hoc to all the English teachers for their painstaking efforts in promoting English education in Nanyang, without whose toil and moil the above-mentioned achievements would have been barely possible [4: 10-12]. (Authored by Xu Wenhu and not intended for any reproduction or distribution! For reference only…)
„„„„ „„„„ „„„„„„
Bibliography
为方便大家比较，这里列出英、汉语两种版本参考文献格式(注意：这里的序号必须与上文中出现的引用顺序精确对应)：
[1] 刘德华. 中国经济展望[M]. 南阳: 南阳世纪龙出版社, 2016.
Liu, D. H. The Prospect of China’s Economic Development [M]. Nanyang: Nanyang Century Dragon Press, 2016.
[2] 张学友. 南阳英语教育：历史、现状与未来[J]. 南阳万德隆大学学报, 2016,
20(3): 99-100.
Zhang, X. Y. English Education in Nanyang: Past, Present and Future [J].
Journal of Nanyang Wandron University, 2016, 20(3): 99-100.
[3] 黎明. 变化中的英语教育：英语在中国教育体系中的地位[M]. 许文虎译.
南阳: 卧龙岗出版社, 2019.
Li, M. Changing English Education: The Role of English in China’s Educational System [M]. Trans. by W. H. Xu. Nanyang: Wolonggang Publishing House, 2019.
[4] 郭富城. 南阳英语教育的成就[D]. 南阳万德隆大学硕士论文, 2016.
Guo F. C. On the Achievements of English Education in Nanyang [D]. MA thesis, Nanyang Wandron University, 2016.
【[1]为专著写法；[2]为期刊文章写法；[3]为译著写法；[4]为硕博论文写法】
$$$$$$$$ 有关参考文献的说明 $$$$$$$$$
详见下文
$$$$$$$$ 有关参考文献的说明 $$$$$$$$$
Bibliography
[1] 束定芳. 现代语义学[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2000.【我们发现：所有
文献除了汉字为仿宋、小4号字体外，其它均为Times New Roman、小4号字体(如标点、数字以及字母M, J, D等)】
[2] Shu, D. F. Modern Semantics [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language
Education Press, 2000.【此条专著文献是第一条的英译，通过比较发现：1、英文专著书名斜体，中文书名不斜体；2、汉语书名与[M]之间不空格，而英语书名与[M]之间空一格；3、写作者英文名时，全写姓而缩写名，例如：用Shu, D. F.代替Shu Dingfang；用Lewis, M.代替Michael Lewis（注意汉英人名的surname差异）。】
[3] Lewis, M. Pedagogical Implications of the Lexical Approach [M]. Cambridge
UP, 1997.【凡是大学出版社，一律用缩写，例如：用Cambridge UP 代替Cambridge University Press；用The U of Georgia P 代替The University of Georgia Press】
[4] Nattinger, J. R. & DeCarrico, J. S. Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching [M].
Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992.【1、2、3、4为专著写法】
[5] 邓慧君. 文类及题型对英语听力测验之影响[J]. 英语教学, 1998, 23(1):
12-15.
[6] Deng, H. J. The Effect of Text Type and Item Format on English Listening Test
Performance [J]. English Teaching, 1998, 23(1): 12-15. 【此条期刊文献是第五条的英译，通过比较发现：1、英文期刊名称(English Teaching)斜体，中文期刊名称(英语教学)不斜体；2、中文期刊文章名与[J]之间不空格，而英语文章名称与[J]之间空一格。】
[7] Brewer, B. W., Scherzer, C. B., Van Raalte, J. L., Petipas, A. J., & Andersen, M.
B. The Elements of (APA) Style: A Survey of Psychology Journal Editors [J]. American Psychologist, 2001, 56(2): 266-267. 【我们发现：1、当作者为两名以上时，逗号分开，最后一位作者前加&；2、尾部数字意思2001为出版年，56为卷(volume)，
(2)为期，266-267为这篇文章出现在期刊的哪些页。】
[8] 邵水平, 黄远振. 高考英语改革的现状、困境与出路. 中小学外语教学(中学
篇) [J]. 2006, (1), 2-6.【任何期刊文章必须标注卷(期)、页数，有些文章不分卷只有第几期，则有卷写卷，有期写期，注意期要带括号，如此条文献末尾(1)为第一期，没有卷数。】【5、6、7、8为期刊文章写法】
[9] Zhou, Y, Y. The Application of Affective Teaching for English Classes in Senior
High Schools [D]. MA thesis, Sichuan Normal University, 2010.【硕、博士论文的题目要斜体，且与[D]空一格。】
[10] Verspoor, C. M. Contextually-Dependent Lexical Semantics [D]. Ph. D thesis,
University of Edinburgh, 1997. 【9、10分别为硕、博士论文写法】
[11] 亚里士多德. 修辞学[M]. 罗念生译. 上海: 生活·读书·新知三联书店, 1991.
[12] Aristotle. Rhetoric [M]. Trans. by W. Rhys Roberts. New York: Random House,
1954.【11、12分别为中、英文译著写法】
[13] 杨玉. 浅谈我国农村初级中学英语时态的教学现状与教学策略[DB/OL]. . 2006, 10. 【互联网资料最好不要引用，万不得已引用，我们建议格式上左对齐。】
[14] Pinker, S. Second Language Acquisition of Spanish and French Verbs [DB/OL]. . 2006, 9.
【12、14分别为中、英文互联网资料写法】
[15] Altenberg, B. Contrastive Linking in Spoken and Written English [A]. In G.
Tottie & I. Backlund (Ed.), English in Speech and Writing: A Symposium [C]. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1986. 【论文集写法。注意：文章标题后标记为：“[A]”；论文集题目后标记为：“[C]”。(此条解读为：Altenberg, B.的这篇文章Contrastive Linking in Spoken and Written English被G. Tottie & I. Backlund这两位编者收录进了他们这本English in Speech and Writing: A Symposium论文集专著中)】
引用格式及参考文献说明
为了便于大家熟悉引用及参考文献格式，我们假设在下面论文中会引用到四大天王刘德华、张学友、黎明、郭富城的著作或文章内容如下（纯属虚构）。 刘德华：“随着改革开放的推进以及全球化步伐的加快，中国已经超越日本成文世界第二大经济体，且10年内有望成为第一大经济体。”（引自《中国经济展望》，南阳世纪龙出版社，2016年，第99页。）
张学友：“随着中国经济发展取得耀眼成功，中国尤其是南阳在英语教育领域所取得的成绩丝毫不逊色。” （引自“南阳英语教育：历史、现状与未来”《南阳万德隆大学学报》，2016年，20卷第3期，第99-100页。）
黎明：“英语几乎贯穿于各个级别的教育，从小学直至大学，说它关系每一个中国学生毫不为过。” （引自《变化中的英语教育：英语在中国教育体系中的地位》，许文虎译，南阳卧龙岗出版社, 2019，第250页。）
郭富城：“南阳师范学院已向社会输送数万名双语人才，很多毕业生奋斗在促进南阳和外界合作与交流的第一线；因此，荣誉属于所有为促进南阳英语教育而辛勤耕耘的英语老师们，没有他们的辛劳，以上成绩难以为继。” （引自“南阳英语教育的成就”，南阳万德隆大学硕士论文，2016年，第10-12页。）
格式一：直接引用型（带双引号，必须注明[序号: 页码]，标注于作者姓之后或引用原话之后皆可）
1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the Present Study
English Language Education
1.1.1.1 English Language Education in Nanyang
“With the furtherance of China’s reform and opening-up and with globalization quickening its pace, China has overtaken Japan as the second largest economy in the world and is en route to becoming the largest one in about a decade”, says Liu [1: 99](均位于句号以内). Meanwhile, as Zhang observes, “In parallel with the glittering success of China’s economic boom, the development of English language education in China, especially that in Nanyang, is no less impressive” [2: 99-100]. It is fitting and proper to say that “English is of close concern to every Chinese
student given its omnipresence at virtually all levels of Chinese education ranging from primary schools all the way to universities” [3: 250]. Since the inception of English education in Nanyang Normal University, “thousands of bilingual talents have been churned out thus far, many of whom have been playing an active role in the forefront of enhancing exchanges and cooperation between Nanyang and the rest of the world using English as the main communicative tool, and therefore in this sense, credit should be given ad hoc to all the English teachers for their painstaking efforts in promoting English education in Nanyang, without whose toil and moil the above-mentioned achievements would have been barely possible” [4: 10-12]. (Authored by Xu Wenhu and not intended for any reproduction or distribution! For reference only…)
„„„„ „„„„ „„„„„„
格式二：间接引用型（不带双引号，即将所引用原句用自己的话paraphrase或recapitulate，此时页码为可选项，[序号]标注于作者姓之后或引用原话之后皆可）
1. Introduction
1.2 Background of the Present Study
English Language Education
1.1.1.1 English Language Education in Nanyang
With the furtherance of China’s reform and opening-up and with globalization quickening its pace, China has overtaken Japan as the second largest economy in the world and is en route to becoming the largest one in about a decade, says Liu [1]. Meanwhile, as Zhang [2: 99-100] observes, in parallel with the glittering success of China’s economic boom, the development of English language education in China,
especially that in Nanyang, is no less impressive. It is fitting and proper to say that English is of close concern to every Chinese student given its omnipresence at virtually all levels of Chinese education ranging from primary schools all the way to universities [3]. Since the inception of English education in Nanyang Normal University, thousands of bilingual talents have been churned out thus far, many of whom have been playing an active role in the forefront of enhancing exchanges and cooperation between Nanyang and the rest of the world using English as the main communicative tool, and therefore in this sense, credit should be given ad hoc to all the English teachers for their painstaking efforts in promoting English education in Nanyang, without whose toil and moil the above-mentioned achievements would have been barely possible [4: 10-12]. (Authored by Xu Wenhu and not intended for any reproduction or distribution! For reference only…)
„„„„ „„„„ „„„„„„
Bibliography
为方便大家比较，这里列出英、汉语两种版本参考文献格式(注意：这里的序号必须与上文中出现的引用顺序精确对应)：
[1] 刘德华. 中国经济展望[M]. 南阳: 南阳世纪龙出版社, 2016.
Liu, D. H. The Prospect of China’s Economic Development [M]. Nanyang: Nanyang Century Dragon Press, 2016.
[2] 张学友. 南阳英语教育：历史、现状与未来[J]. 南阳万德隆大学学报, 2016,
20(3): 99-100.
Zhang, X. Y. English Education in Nanyang: Past, Present and Future [J].
Journal of Nanyang Wandron University, 2016, 20(3): 99-100.
[3] 黎明. 变化中的英语教育：英语在中国教育体系中的地位[M]. 许文虎译.
南阳: 卧龙岗出版社, 2019.
Li, M. Changing English Education: The Role of English in China’s Educational System [M]. Trans. by W. H. Xu. Nanyang: Wolonggang Publishing House, 2019.
[4] 郭富城. 南阳英语教育的成就[D]. 南阳万德隆大学硕士论文, 2016.
Guo F. C. On the Achievements of English Education in Nanyang [D]. MA thesis, Nanyang Wandron University, 2016.
【[1]为专著写法；[2]为期刊文章写法；[3]为译著写法；[4]为硕博论文写法】
$$$$$$$$ 有关参考文献的说明 $$$$$$$$$
详见下文
$$$$$$$$ 有关参考文献的说明 $$$$$$$$$
Bibliography
[1] 束定芳. 现代语义学[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2000.【我们发现：所有
文献除了汉字为仿宋、小4号字体外，其它均为Times New Roman、小4号字体(如标点、数字以及字母M, J, D等)】
[2] Shu, D. F. Modern Semantics [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language
Education Press, 2000.【此条专著文献是第一条的英译，通过比较发现：1、英文专著书名斜体，中文书名不斜体；2、汉语书名与[M]之间不空格，而英语书名与[M]之间空一格；3、写作者英文名时，全写姓而缩写名，例如：用Shu, D. F.代替Shu Dingfang；用Lewis, M.代替Michael Lewis（注意汉英人名的surname差异）。】
[3] Lewis, M. Pedagogical Implications of the Lexical Approach [M]. Cambridge
UP, 1997.【凡是大学出版社，一律用缩写，例如：用Cambridge UP 代替Cambridge University Press；用The U of Georgia P 代替The University of Georgia Press】
[4] Nattinger, J. R. & DeCarrico, J. S. Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching [M].
Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992.【1、2、3、4为专著写法】
[5] 邓慧君. 文类及题型对英语听力测验之影响[J]. 英语教学, 1998, 23(1):
12-15.
[6] Deng, H. J. The Effect of Text Type and Item Format on English Listening Test
Performance [J]. English Teaching, 1998, 23(1): 12-15. 【此条期刊文献是第五条的英译，通过比较发现：1、英文期刊名称(English Teaching)斜体，中文期刊名称(英语教学)不斜体；2、中文期刊文章名与[J]之间不空格，而英语文章名称与[J]之间空一格。】
[7] Brewer, B. W., Scherzer, C. B., Van Raalte, J. L., Petipas, A. J., & Andersen, M.
B. The Elements of (APA) Style: A Survey of Psychology Journal Editors [J]. American Psychologist, 2001, 56(2): 266-267. 【我们发现：1、当作者为两名以上时，逗号分开，最后一位作者前加&；2、尾部数字意思2001为出版年，56为卷(volume)，
(2)为期，266-267为这篇文章出现在期刊的哪些页。】
[8] 邵水平, 黄远振. 高考英语改革的现状、困境与出路. 中小学外语教学(中学
篇) [J]. 2006, (1), 2-6.【任何期刊文章必须标注卷(期)、页数，有些文章不分卷只有第几期，则有卷写卷，有期写期，注意期要带括号，如此条文献末尾(1)为第一期，没有卷数。】【5、6、7、8为期刊文章写法】
[9] Zhou, Y, Y. The Application of Affective Teaching for English Classes in Senior
High Schools [D]. MA thesis, Sichuan Normal University, 2010.【硕、博士论文的题目要斜体，且与[D]空一格。】
[10] Verspoor, C. M. Contextually-Dependent Lexical Semantics [D]. Ph. D thesis,
University of Edinburgh, 1997. 【9、10分别为硕、博士论文写法】
[11] 亚里士多德. 修辞学[M]. 罗念生译. 上海: 生活·读书·新知三联书店, 1991.
[12] Aristotle. Rhetoric [M]. Trans. by W. Rhys Roberts. New York: Random House,
1954.【11、12分别为中、英文译著写法】
[13] 杨玉. 浅谈我国农村初级中学英语时态的教学现状与教学策略[DB/OL]. . 2006, 10. 【互联网资料最好不要引用，万不得已引用，我们建议格式上左对齐。】
[14] Pinker, S. Second Language Acquisition of Spanish and French Verbs [DB/OL]. . 2006, 9.
【12、14分别为中、英文互联网资料写法】
[15] Altenberg, B. Contrastive Linking in Spoken and Written English [A]. In G.
Tottie & I. Backlund (Ed.), English in Speech and Writing: A Symposium [C]. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1986. 【论文集写法。注意：文章标题后标记为：“[A]”；论文集题目后标记为：“[C]”。(此条解读为：Altenberg, B.的这篇文章Contrastive Linking in Spoken and Written English被G. Tottie & I. Backlund这两位编者收录进了他们这本English in Speech and Writing: A Symposium论文集专著中)】