文献出处: Henesey L. The Research of Logistics Cost Control and Optimization [J] The Journal of International Logistics, 2014, 26(5): 15-31
原文 The Research of Logistics Cost Control and Optimization
Henesey L
Abstract
Logistics activities with the appearance of the Commodity Exchange, has a long history. Logistics, because of its running through the whole process of the production and circulation, therefore, reasonable and efficient logistics can coordinate and improve the production and circulation structure, produce huge profits, become the new profit growth point of the national economy. Companies from the first profit source, to the second profit source, and then to the third profit source of mining, make logistics management history is also known as cost reduction. The economy of both the national economy and enterprises in our country, logistics costs are high, at the macro level, characterized by high logistics costs as a percentage of GDP, at the micro level of logistics cost in the enterprise cost project first.
Key words: Logistics cost; Logistics cost control; Control strategy
1 Introduction
From the point of economic development process, has seen two industries provide a lot of profit. The first profit source, namely material resources saving, this way of reducing consumption of material resources of the source of profit, based on advanced science and technology and social production conditions as the prerequisite. The second profit source, that is, lower labor cost, after ruling out the material
consumption, gain profit from commodity is the most effective way to improve labor efficiency, reduce labor costs. Both are restricted by scientific and technological level, profit source exhausting. Waseca university professor Caesar to fix the current fee
First of all, the logistics cost control is an important means to reduce logistics cost. Logistics is a by the transport, storage, handling, packaging, circulation processing and logistics information system. IN the logistics system, each link has its own rational way and the best economic benefit, if the best link together, the economic benefits of the logistics system as a whole but not necessarily the best, only consider the overall benefit of logistics cost is the best logistics system. Cost can truly reflect the economic activities of solid state, is a common scale evaluation of all activities, therefore, should through the logistics cost control of logistics activities, quantitative logistics economic benefit index. Reduce logistics cost, also is the reasonable organization commodity circulation and the important way to increase
economic efficiency.
Secondly, the logistics cost control is advantageous to the rationalization and optimization of logistics system. Logistics cost management is the logistics of each function as a system to construct, analysis, organization and management, and the efficiency and cost analysis of logistics system is the structure of the logistics system, analysis, organization and management of process optimization, the lowest cost of logistics is to achieve a certain logistics service as the foundation. Logistics coordination and optimization of logistics cost control must be improved, the various functions, each link, in order to achieve reduce logistics cost, make the logistics system step by step towards rationalization, enhance the service level.
2 The overview of logistics cost
Logistics cost refers to the enterprises in the process of production and business operation, commodities from raw material supply, through the production and processing, to the finished products and sales, as well as with the waste produced during production and consumption cost of the recycling process, such as what had happened.
Logistics cost is an enterprise's logistics system to complete the logistics activity, the transfer of the realization of goods in terms of space, time and all the cost of currency performance. Specifically, it is the product in the process of physical movement, such as packaging, loading and unloading, handling, transportation, storage, distribution processing, and logistics information spending by the sum total of human, material and financial resources. Logistics cost is the sum of the logistics
operation chain each link all cost. Enterprise logistics cost in essence should be the completion of customer orders.
The scope of the logistics cost is determined by three factors: the first is the logistics cost calculation, namely the start-stop problems of logistics. The scope of logistics is considerable, it includes; In logistics, the logistics of raw materials, plant from the factory to the warehouse, the logistics distribution base, from distribution to logistics such as part of the customer base. Choose from these logistics is an obvious difference. The second is the logistics activity. Transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, etc. Various kinds of logistics activities, with what kind of activity as the logistics cost calculation object. Calculated is an object with all logistics activities to logistics costs, and only in some activities, such as transportation, storage calculated for the object of logistics cost, of course, there's a difference. The third is the nature. Freight, the safekeeping fee and other external payments of logistics cost, or artificial cost, depreciation cost, for the repair of fee, fuel and other internal spending, exactly which part of the listed in the logistics cost calculation, will directly affect the size of the logistics cost.
3 Characteristics of the logistics cost
3.1
there is a lot of falsity, he compared the situation to
Under normal circumstances, the enterprise accounting subjects, only to pay the cost of shipping, warehouse companies outside on the logistics cost, the actual cost of these indeed in the whole logistics cost as the tip of the iceberg. Because, logistics infrastructure construction fee and companies use their own vehicle transportation, using their own warehouse storage of goods, by his workers to packing, loading and unloading fees are not included in the logistics costs within the subjects. Generally speaking, the enterprises pay the external logistics cost is part of the small, more is the enterprise internal logistics cost.
3.2 Antinomy between the benefit of the logistics cost
High levels of logistics service is composed of high logistics costs to ensure that enterprise it is difficult to improve the logistics service level, but also reduces the logistics cost, unless there is a great technological progress. Compared with other enterprise in competition condition, in the case of in a very high level of service, if you want more than rivals, and maintain a higher standard of service you need to have more input, so in an enterprise must carefully study and comparison of the decision. 4 Logistics cost control strategy
Logistics cost control, it is in the process of logistics, the logistics cost of various factors in accordance with the standards of a pre-decided to strict supervision,
discovered on timely take measures to correct deviation, so that the logistics in the process of the resource consumption and spending limit within the scope of the standard. Logistics cost control in the process of enterprise logistics cost management can play a huge role, it can stimulate staff sense of responsibility for the logistics cost control, strengthen enterprise management department to supervise the performance of logistics department, at the same time to save money and reasonable use of funds.
4.1 Transportation cost control strategy
In the process of logistics, enterprise should according to the law of commodity circulation, transportation conditions, goods flow, market supply and demand situation, the reasonable minimum mileage, the minimum link, with the least amount of capacity, spend the least cost, and the fastest time put the goods from producer to consumer. With the least amount of labor consumption, transport more goods, get the best economic benefits. In transportation production activity, needs certain labor consumption, measure transportation is reasonable or not, from the point of view of technical economy, the consumption on the transport of social labor, to evaluate economic benefit of transportation, the factors affecting the economic benefits of the transport have transportation distance, transportation, transport, transport time and transport costs.
4.2 Inventory cost control
Inventory is the enterprise production and logistics channel of each point accumulation in the raw materials, supplies, and all related components, semi-finished and finished products. Inventory cost, it refers to have inventory of this. It is a major
component of logistics operation. For general manufacturing enterprise, the inventory cost occupies the proportion of the total logistics cost is quite big, generally about 40%.Inventory cost management is to minimize the total cost. Keep certain inventory, can make the product or service to keep certain available rate; Can also indirectly reduce the other aspects of the operating costs. First of all, keep inventory can make the production more batch, batch less, operation level is higher, and thus produce certain economic benefits. Because of the inventory to play the role of a buffer between supply and demand, can eliminate the influence of demand fluctuations on output. Second, keep inventory helps to achieve cost savings in procurement and transportation. Inventory costs are generally by the inventory holding cost, procurement cost and shortage cost, with the different nature of the enterprise inventory cost in the proportion of each component is also different.
4.3 Logistics cost control
In the whole logistics cost, management cost proportion reached 4%, second only to the cost of transportation and warehousing costs, is one of the core part of enterprise logistics cost control. Reasonable management cost control strategy will help to improve the staff service attitude, reducing operation error, reduce the damage rate, troubleshooting and recovery operation performance, etc. In the practice of logistics management cost is due to the enterprise in order to organize, plan, control, and allocate supplies activity occurring in the course of logistics management fees and agency fees at the scene.
译文
物流成本控制及优化研究
作者： 赫尼斯
摘要
物流活动随着商品交换的出现而出现,具有悠久的历史。物流,因其贯穿了生产和流通的全过程,所以,合理、高效的物流能够协调与完善整个生产和流通结构,产生巨大的利润,成为企业和国民经济新的利润增长点。企业从第一利润源,到第二利润源,再到第三利润源的不断挖掘,使得物流管理的历史也被称为降低成本的历史。我国无论是国民经济领域还是企业经济领域,物流成本都高居不下,在宏观层次上表现为物流成本占GDP的比重过高,在微观层次上表现为物流成本位居企业成本项目的首位。
关键词:物流成本; 物流成本控制; 控制策略
1引言
从经济发展过程来看,先后出现过两个提供大量利润的领域。第一利润源泉,即物质资源的节约,这种降低物质资源消耗方式的利润之源,是以先进的科学技术和社会生产条件为先决条件。第二利润源泉,即劳动消耗的降低,在排除了物质消耗之后,从商品中获得利润的最有效方式便是提高劳动效率、减少劳动耗费。两者都受到科学技术水平的制约,利润源泉日益枯竭。早稻田大学的西泽修教授《流通费》著作的副标题为“不为人知的第三利润源泉”,降低的物流成本就等于效益增长,因此,“第三利润源泉”的提法流传开来。降低物流成本是物流部门的传统课题,把物流管理的历史也称为降低成本的历史。增加企业利润有扩大销售和降低成本两个最基本的方法,而降低物流成本比扩大销售(物流量)更为有效,因为这一过程不仅降低了物流成本,而且有助于改善物流质量,扩大物流量。因此,物流
文献出处: Henesey L. The Research of Logistics Cost Control and Optimization [J] The Journal of International Logistics, 2014, 26(5): 15-31
原文 The Research of Logistics Cost Control and Optimization
Henesey L
Abstract
Logistics activities with the appearance of the Commodity Exchange, has a long history. Logistics, because of its running through the whole process of the production and circulation, therefore, reasonable and efficient logistics can coordinate and improve the production and circulation structure, produce huge profits, become the new profit growth point of the national economy. Companies from the first profit source, to the second profit source, and then to the third profit source of mining, make logistics management history is also known as cost reduction. The economy of both the national economy and enterprises in our country, logistics costs are high, at the macro level, characterized by high logistics costs as a percentage of GDP, at the micro level of logistics cost in the enterprise cost project first.
Key words: Logistics cost; Logistics cost control; Control strategy
1 Introduction
From the point of economic development process, has seen two industries provide a lot of profit. The first profit source, namely material resources saving, this way of reducing consumption of material resources of the source of profit, based on advanced science and technology and social production conditions as the prerequisite. The second profit source, that is, lower labor cost, after ruling out the material
consumption, gain profit from commodity is the most effective way to improve labor efficiency, reduce labor costs. Both are restricted by scientific and technological level, profit source exhausting. Waseca university professor Caesar to fix the current fee
First of all, the logistics cost control is an important means to reduce logistics cost. Logistics is a by the transport, storage, handling, packaging, circulation processing and logistics information system. IN the logistics system, each link has its own rational way and the best economic benefit, if the best link together, the economic benefits of the logistics system as a whole but not necessarily the best, only consider the overall benefit of logistics cost is the best logistics system. Cost can truly reflect the economic activities of solid state, is a common scale evaluation of all activities, therefore, should through the logistics cost control of logistics activities, quantitative logistics economic benefit index. Reduce logistics cost, also is the reasonable organization commodity circulation and the important way to increase
economic efficiency.
Secondly, the logistics cost control is advantageous to the rationalization and optimization of logistics system. Logistics cost management is the logistics of each function as a system to construct, analysis, organization and management, and the efficiency and cost analysis of logistics system is the structure of the logistics system, analysis, organization and management of process optimization, the lowest cost of logistics is to achieve a certain logistics service as the foundation. Logistics coordination and optimization of logistics cost control must be improved, the various functions, each link, in order to achieve reduce logistics cost, make the logistics system step by step towards rationalization, enhance the service level.
2 The overview of logistics cost
Logistics cost refers to the enterprises in the process of production and business operation, commodities from raw material supply, through the production and processing, to the finished products and sales, as well as with the waste produced during production and consumption cost of the recycling process, such as what had happened.
Logistics cost is an enterprise's logistics system to complete the logistics activity, the transfer of the realization of goods in terms of space, time and all the cost of currency performance. Specifically, it is the product in the process of physical movement, such as packaging, loading and unloading, handling, transportation, storage, distribution processing, and logistics information spending by the sum total of human, material and financial resources. Logistics cost is the sum of the logistics
operation chain each link all cost. Enterprise logistics cost in essence should be the completion of customer orders.
The scope of the logistics cost is determined by three factors: the first is the logistics cost calculation, namely the start-stop problems of logistics. The scope of logistics is considerable, it includes; In logistics, the logistics of raw materials, plant from the factory to the warehouse, the logistics distribution base, from distribution to logistics such as part of the customer base. Choose from these logistics is an obvious difference. The second is the logistics activity. Transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, etc. Various kinds of logistics activities, with what kind of activity as the logistics cost calculation object. Calculated is an object with all logistics activities to logistics costs, and only in some activities, such as transportation, storage calculated for the object of logistics cost, of course, there's a difference. The third is the nature. Freight, the safekeeping fee and other external payments of logistics cost, or artificial cost, depreciation cost, for the repair of fee, fuel and other internal spending, exactly which part of the listed in the logistics cost calculation, will directly affect the size of the logistics cost.
3 Characteristics of the logistics cost
3.1
there is a lot of falsity, he compared the situation to
Under normal circumstances, the enterprise accounting subjects, only to pay the cost of shipping, warehouse companies outside on the logistics cost, the actual cost of these indeed in the whole logistics cost as the tip of the iceberg. Because, logistics infrastructure construction fee and companies use their own vehicle transportation, using their own warehouse storage of goods, by his workers to packing, loading and unloading fees are not included in the logistics costs within the subjects. Generally speaking, the enterprises pay the external logistics cost is part of the small, more is the enterprise internal logistics cost.
3.2 Antinomy between the benefit of the logistics cost
High levels of logistics service is composed of high logistics costs to ensure that enterprise it is difficult to improve the logistics service level, but also reduces the logistics cost, unless there is a great technological progress. Compared with other enterprise in competition condition, in the case of in a very high level of service, if you want more than rivals, and maintain a higher standard of service you need to have more input, so in an enterprise must carefully study and comparison of the decision. 4 Logistics cost control strategy
Logistics cost control, it is in the process of logistics, the logistics cost of various factors in accordance with the standards of a pre-decided to strict supervision,
discovered on timely take measures to correct deviation, so that the logistics in the process of the resource consumption and spending limit within the scope of the standard. Logistics cost control in the process of enterprise logistics cost management can play a huge role, it can stimulate staff sense of responsibility for the logistics cost control, strengthen enterprise management department to supervise the performance of logistics department, at the same time to save money and reasonable use of funds.
4.1 Transportation cost control strategy
In the process of logistics, enterprise should according to the law of commodity circulation, transportation conditions, goods flow, market supply and demand situation, the reasonable minimum mileage, the minimum link, with the least amount of capacity, spend the least cost, and the fastest time put the goods from producer to consumer. With the least amount of labor consumption, transport more goods, get the best economic benefits. In transportation production activity, needs certain labor consumption, measure transportation is reasonable or not, from the point of view of technical economy, the consumption on the transport of social labor, to evaluate economic benefit of transportation, the factors affecting the economic benefits of the transport have transportation distance, transportation, transport, transport time and transport costs.
4.2 Inventory cost control
Inventory is the enterprise production and logistics channel of each point accumulation in the raw materials, supplies, and all related components, semi-finished and finished products. Inventory cost, it refers to have inventory of this. It is a major
component of logistics operation. For general manufacturing enterprise, the inventory cost occupies the proportion of the total logistics cost is quite big, generally about 40%.Inventory cost management is to minimize the total cost. Keep certain inventory, can make the product or service to keep certain available rate; Can also indirectly reduce the other aspects of the operating costs. First of all, keep inventory can make the production more batch, batch less, operation level is higher, and thus produce certain economic benefits. Because of the inventory to play the role of a buffer between supply and demand, can eliminate the influence of demand fluctuations on output. Second, keep inventory helps to achieve cost savings in procurement and transportation. Inventory costs are generally by the inventory holding cost, procurement cost and shortage cost, with the different nature of the enterprise inventory cost in the proportion of each component is also different.
4.3 Logistics cost control
In the whole logistics cost, management cost proportion reached 4%, second only to the cost of transportation and warehousing costs, is one of the core part of enterprise logistics cost control. Reasonable management cost control strategy will help to improve the staff service attitude, reducing operation error, reduce the damage rate, troubleshooting and recovery operation performance, etc. In the practice of logistics management cost is due to the enterprise in order to organize, plan, control, and allocate supplies activity occurring in the course of logistics management fees and agency fees at the scene.
译文
物流成本控制及优化研究
作者： 赫尼斯
摘要
物流活动随着商品交换的出现而出现,具有悠久的历史。物流,因其贯穿了生产和流通的全过程,所以,合理、高效的物流能够协调与完善整个生产和流通结构,产生巨大的利润,成为企业和国民经济新的利润增长点。企业从第一利润源,到第二利润源,再到第三利润源的不断挖掘,使得物流管理的历史也被称为降低成本的历史。我国无论是国民经济领域还是企业经济领域,物流成本都高居不下,在宏观层次上表现为物流成本占GDP的比重过高,在微观层次上表现为物流成本位居企业成本项目的首位。
关键词:物流成本; 物流成本控制; 控制策略
1引言
从经济发展过程来看,先后出现过两个提供大量利润的领域。第一利润源泉,即物质资源的节约,这种降低物质资源消耗方式的利润之源,是以先进的科学技术和社会生产条件为先决条件。第二利润源泉,即劳动消耗的降低,在排除了物质消耗之后,从商品中获得利润的最有效方式便是提高劳动效率、减少劳动耗费。两者都受到科学技术水平的制约,利润源泉日益枯竭。早稻田大学的西泽修教授《流通费》著作的副标题为“不为人知的第三利润源泉”,降低的物流成本就等于效益增长,因此,“第三利润源泉”的提法流传开来。降低物流成本是物流部门的传统课题,把物流管理的历史也称为降低成本的历史。增加企业利润有扩大销售和降低成本两个最基本的方法,而降低物流成本比扩大销售(物流量)更为有效,因为这一过程不仅降低了物流成本,而且有助于改善物流质量,扩大物流量。因此,物流