座位号： 南京森林警察学院成人高等教育
《大学英语》II
第二次测验作业
班级 学号 姓名 得分
I. 把下列英语短语写到相应的汉语短语之后(20分.
make a difference; consult for a bank; rise through the ranks; have a profound effect on …; violate a sacred trust; tell a good idea from a bad on; play safe games;work in the area of one’s expertise ; a deeply-rooted sense of reality; have a low threshold of pain;lack credibility;a dilemma of modern life; create a happy marriage; essential ingredient for character grow; find one’s own path to character; switch from one perspective to another; shape one’s outlook and expectations; the upward look; a self-fulfilling prophecy; feel a little uneasy
1. 塑造自己的前途与理想
2 积极向上的生活态度
3. 一个能自我实现的预言
4. 感到有点心神不宁
5. 对„„产生巨大影响
6. 会产生很大影响
7. 为银行做咨询
8. 一步一步升迁
9. 亵渎了神圣的信任
10. 现代生活的一个困境
11. 缔造幸福的婚姻
12. 品德成熟的关键因素
13. 找到了修炼自己品德的道路
14. 从一个角度转换到另一个角度
15. 判断一个想法是好是坏
16. 根深蒂固的现实感
17. 凡事四平八稳
18. 缺乏可信度
19. 对痛苦的容忍很低
20. 在自己擅长的领域工作
II. 根据课文填空（15分）请将答案写在题后的横线上
But the works in reverse. If you expect good things to happen, they usually do! There seems to be a natural cause and effect relationship between optimism and want to shape our and our There is enough good and bad in everyone’s life — ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain — to find a curse. It’s our decision: From which hope or down in despair?
I believe in the upward look. I choose to the positive and slip right over the sorrow exists. I am in my 70s now, and I’ve livedmore than bad.
An optimistic attitude is not a luxury; it’s a necessity. The way you look at life will determine how you feel, how and how well you will get along with other people. Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a
ANSWERS:
1.____________2.___________3. ___________4. _____________5. ______________
6. _________7. ___________8. _____________9. ______________10. ______________
11. __________12. ___________13. _________14. ____________15. _______________
III. 阅读理解（30分） 答案请写入题前括号内 A
A detailed and thorough research project undertaken by the Open University recently reported that
their evidence appears to show that competition between nearby schools does not significantly improve academic standards. Indeed, their report inclines to the opposite outcome; the exam results may actually decline where competition is fiercest.
When the further education sector was " privatized" a few years ago, competition between colleges became truly fierce, at least in urban areas where potential students could choose between several of them. Colleges appointed highly paid marketing directors and gave them large budgets; some even "bribed" interested students with promises of hundreds of pounds if they completed certain courses satisfactorily.
Fully competitive markets being a philosophical foundation of Britain's recent governments, it was no surprise to hear claims that many educational developments of the 1990s would move us towards a free market in secondary education---giving youngsters and their parents a free choice of where to study. However, the secondary sector did not become particularly competitive while, admittedly, the consumers have been given more information, which is one aspect of a truly free market. It is very rare that two nearby schools with at least some empty places are similar enough to be comparable yet different enough to be rankable; only where that occurs can there be true competition.
The Open University research was probably not flawed---but its conclusions are. This is
because the team did not really compare areas having true competition (as just defined. with areas that do not.
But, let us all breathe a sigh of relief. Secondary schools had started of late to move in the marketing direction----considering allocating scarce resources of staff and money to persuading the pupils that their schools are the best in the area. No schools could afford to do that properly, so it is a relief to realize this research tells us we don't have to.
Competition? We haven't got time for it! Let's spend our small budget in teaching and learning, not in competing and marketing.
( )1. It is indicated in the passage that competition between schools
results in________ .
A. higher enrollment rate
B. higher marketing expenses
C. lower academic standard
D.privatization of further education
( ) 2. Real competition can happen only when ________.
A. academic standard is improved by the education sector.
B. students have different interests
C. there are comparable schools with different educational qualities
D. schools of all areas have sufficient budget for their development
( ) 3. According to the passage, the free market in secondary education___________ .
A. is more competitive than the higher education market
B. only provides consumers with more information
C. means there will be more intensive competition than in colleges
D. is a real surprise to Britain's recent government
( ) 4. The author of the passage feels relieved that____________ .
A. secondary schools have to market themselves
B. most secondary schools have scarce resources of staff and money
C. the research by Open University proves that most secondary schools are
the best in its area
D. schools needn't prove that they are the best
( ) 5. What might be the author's attitude towards competitions between nearby schools?
A. The author is in favor of various kinds of competition.
B. The author is indifferent to any competition and its result.
C. The author is against inter-collegiate competitions.
D. The author is not certain of the effect of competitions.
B
Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.
Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”
( )1. William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________.
A. social life provides an effective cure for illness
B. being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life
C. marriage contributes a great deal to longevity
D. women benefit more than men from marriage
( )2. Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________.
A. marriage can help make up for ill health
B. older men should quit smoking to stay healthy
C. the married are happier than the unmarried
D. unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life
( )3. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” refers to _________.
A. the disadvantages of being married
B. the emotional problems arising from marriage
C. the responsibility of taking care of one’s family
D. the consequence of a broken marriage
( )4. What does the author say about social networks?
A. They help develop people’s community spirit.
B. They provide timely support for those in need.
C. They help relieve people of their life’s burdens.
D. They have effects similar to those of a marriage.
( )5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. It’s important that we develop a social network when young.
B. To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.
C. Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.
D. We should share our social networks with each other.
C
Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.
Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype. a US study says.
Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".
The findings of the study so against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.
Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being faded by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.
The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills. But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.
Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer the modem genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes, "James wrote.
Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means, " the study reported.
( )1. The author believes that a single-sex school would ____ .
A. force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men"
B. help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys
C. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely
D. naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man
( .2. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____ .
A. Perform relatively better C. behave more responsibly
B. grow up more healthily D. receive a better education
( .3. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?
A. It fails more boys than girls academically.
B. It focuses more on mixed school education.
C. It fails to give boys the attention they need.
D. It places more pressure on boys than on girls.
( .4. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools
is ______.
A. teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys
B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted C. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in
D. teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit
( .5. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail
James' report? A. They enjoy being in charge. C. They have sharper vision. B. They conform to stereotypes. D. They are violent and sexist.
VI． 翻译（20分）
英译汉
1.I’d like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contributed over the years in one way or another.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.The war, although successful in military terms, left the economy almost in ruins.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.They regard honesty as a matter of principle and they are willing to sacrifice everything for its sake.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.Speaking your mind without regard to other people’s feelings is not a virtue.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5.Don’t stare at the computer screen for too long. Raise your eyes once in a while and look into the distance.
_______________________________________________________________________________
汉译英
1.这本小说描写了20世纪二三十年代中国一个大家族的兴衰沉浮。
This novel ____________ the_______ and _________ of a big family ________ China’s 1920’s and 1930’s.
2.考试前开夜车，那也许能考个好分数，但从长远来看，平时用功才能真正取的学业成功。 You may_________ good_________ by burning the midnight oil before the exams, but in the long _________ you have to study hard every day to_____________academic excellence.
3.他为我们公司当顾问，工作中遇到困难时我们经常向他请教。
He ___________ for our _________ and we often consult him when we _______ __________ in our work.
4.力量与勇气是有区别的。生存需要力量，生活需要勇气。
There is a ___________ between _________ and __________. It takes strength to __________. It takes courage to live.
5.不要长时间盯着电脑屏幕，每过一阵就要抬眼看着远处。
Don’t __________at the computer __________ for too long. Raise your eyes _______ in a while and look into the___________.
V. 写作（15分）
Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write a short essay on the topic of
“My View on Driving Restrictions in Big Cities”. You should write at
least 120 words following the outline given bellow:
1. 大城市的交通拥挤问题越来越凸显
2. 有人提出通过车辆限行缓解交通压力，原因是„„
3. 我的看法
座位号： 南京森林警察学院成人高等教育
《大学英语》II
第二次测验作业
班级 学号 姓名 得分
I. 把下列英语短语写到相应的汉语短语之后(20分.
make a difference; consult for a bank; rise through the ranks; have a profound effect on …; violate a sacred trust; tell a good idea from a bad on; play safe games;work in the area of one’s expertise ; a deeply-rooted sense of reality; have a low threshold of pain;lack credibility;a dilemma of modern life; create a happy marriage; essential ingredient for character grow; find one’s own path to character; switch from one perspective to another; shape one’s outlook and expectations; the upward look; a self-fulfilling prophecy; feel a little uneasy
1. 塑造自己的前途与理想
2 积极向上的生活态度
3. 一个能自我实现的预言
4. 感到有点心神不宁
5. 对„„产生巨大影响
6. 会产生很大影响
7. 为银行做咨询
8. 一步一步升迁
9. 亵渎了神圣的信任
10. 现代生活的一个困境
11. 缔造幸福的婚姻
12. 品德成熟的关键因素
13. 找到了修炼自己品德的道路
14. 从一个角度转换到另一个角度
15. 判断一个想法是好是坏
16. 根深蒂固的现实感
17. 凡事四平八稳
18. 缺乏可信度
19. 对痛苦的容忍很低
20. 在自己擅长的领域工作
II. 根据课文填空（15分）请将答案写在题后的横线上
But the works in reverse. If you expect good things to happen, they usually do! There seems to be a natural cause and effect relationship between optimism and want to shape our and our There is enough good and bad in everyone’s life — ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain — to find a curse. It’s our decision: From which hope or down in despair?
I believe in the upward look. I choose to the positive and slip right over the sorrow exists. I am in my 70s now, and I’ve livedmore than bad.
An optimistic attitude is not a luxury; it’s a necessity. The way you look at life will determine how you feel, how and how well you will get along with other people. Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a
ANSWERS:
1.____________2.___________3. ___________4. _____________5. ______________
6. _________7. ___________8. _____________9. ______________10. ______________
11. __________12. ___________13. _________14. ____________15. _______________
III. 阅读理解（30分） 答案请写入题前括号内 A
A detailed and thorough research project undertaken by the Open University recently reported that
their evidence appears to show that competition between nearby schools does not significantly improve academic standards. Indeed, their report inclines to the opposite outcome; the exam results may actually decline where competition is fiercest.
When the further education sector was " privatized" a few years ago, competition between colleges became truly fierce, at least in urban areas where potential students could choose between several of them. Colleges appointed highly paid marketing directors and gave them large budgets; some even "bribed" interested students with promises of hundreds of pounds if they completed certain courses satisfactorily.
Fully competitive markets being a philosophical foundation of Britain's recent governments, it was no surprise to hear claims that many educational developments of the 1990s would move us towards a free market in secondary education---giving youngsters and their parents a free choice of where to study. However, the secondary sector did not become particularly competitive while, admittedly, the consumers have been given more information, which is one aspect of a truly free market. It is very rare that two nearby schools with at least some empty places are similar enough to be comparable yet different enough to be rankable; only where that occurs can there be true competition.
The Open University research was probably not flawed---but its conclusions are. This is
because the team did not really compare areas having true competition (as just defined. with areas that do not.
But, let us all breathe a sigh of relief. Secondary schools had started of late to move in the marketing direction----considering allocating scarce resources of staff and money to persuading the pupils that their schools are the best in the area. No schools could afford to do that properly, so it is a relief to realize this research tells us we don't have to.
Competition? We haven't got time for it! Let's spend our small budget in teaching and learning, not in competing and marketing.
( )1. It is indicated in the passage that competition between schools
results in________ .
A. higher enrollment rate
B. higher marketing expenses
C. lower academic standard
D.privatization of further education
( ) 2. Real competition can happen only when ________.
A. academic standard is improved by the education sector.
B. students have different interests
C. there are comparable schools with different educational qualities
D. schools of all areas have sufficient budget for their development
( ) 3. According to the passage, the free market in secondary education___________ .
A. is more competitive than the higher education market
B. only provides consumers with more information
C. means there will be more intensive competition than in colleges
D. is a real surprise to Britain's recent government
( ) 4. The author of the passage feels relieved that____________ .
A. secondary schools have to market themselves
B. most secondary schools have scarce resources of staff and money
C. the research by Open University proves that most secondary schools are
the best in its area
D. schools needn't prove that they are the best
( ) 5. What might be the author's attitude towards competitions between nearby schools?
A. The author is in favor of various kinds of competition.
B. The author is indifferent to any competition and its result.
C. The author is against inter-collegiate competitions.
D. The author is not certain of the effect of competitions.
B
Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.
Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”
( )1. William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________.
A. social life provides an effective cure for illness
B. being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life
C. marriage contributes a great deal to longevity
D. women benefit more than men from marriage
( )2. Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________.
A. marriage can help make up for ill health
B. older men should quit smoking to stay healthy
C. the married are happier than the unmarried
D. unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life
( )3. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” refers to _________.
A. the disadvantages of being married
B. the emotional problems arising from marriage
C. the responsibility of taking care of one’s family
D. the consequence of a broken marriage
( )4. What does the author say about social networks?
A. They help develop people’s community spirit.
B. They provide timely support for those in need.
C. They help relieve people of their life’s burdens.
D. They have effects similar to those of a marriage.
( )5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. It’s important that we develop a social network when young.
B. To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.
C. Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.
D. We should share our social networks with each other.
C
Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.
Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype. a US study says.
Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".
The findings of the study so against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.
Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being faded by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.
The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills. But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.
Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer the modem genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes, "James wrote.
Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means, " the study reported.
( )1. The author believes that a single-sex school would ____ .
A. force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men"
B. help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys
C. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely
D. naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man
( .2. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____ .
A. Perform relatively better C. behave more responsibly
B. grow up more healthily D. receive a better education
( .3. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?
A. It fails more boys than girls academically.
B. It focuses more on mixed school education.
C. It fails to give boys the attention they need.
D. It places more pressure on boys than on girls.
( .4. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools
is ______.
A. teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys
B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted C. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in
D. teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit
( .5. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail
James' report? A. They enjoy being in charge. C. They have sharper vision. B. They conform to stereotypes. D. They are violent and sexist.
VI． 翻译（20分）
英译汉
1.I’d like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contributed over the years in one way or another.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.The war, although successful in military terms, left the economy almost in ruins.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.They regard honesty as a matter of principle and they are willing to sacrifice everything for its sake.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.Speaking your mind without regard to other people’s feelings is not a virtue.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5.Don’t stare at the computer screen for too long. Raise your eyes once in a while and look into the distance.
_______________________________________________________________________________
汉译英
1.这本小说描写了20世纪二三十年代中国一个大家族的兴衰沉浮。
This novel ____________ the_______ and _________ of a big family ________ China’s 1920’s and 1930’s.
2.考试前开夜车，那也许能考个好分数，但从长远来看，平时用功才能真正取的学业成功。 You may_________ good_________ by burning the midnight oil before the exams, but in the long _________ you have to study hard every day to_____________academic excellence.
3.他为我们公司当顾问，工作中遇到困难时我们经常向他请教。
He ___________ for our _________ and we often consult him when we _______ __________ in our work.
4.力量与勇气是有区别的。生存需要力量，生活需要勇气。
There is a ___________ between _________ and __________. It takes strength to __________. It takes courage to live.
5.不要长时间盯着电脑屏幕，每过一阵就要抬眼看着远处。
Don’t __________at the computer __________ for too long. Raise your eyes _______ in a while and look into the___________.
V. 写作（15分）
Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write a short essay on the topic of
“My View on Driving Restrictions in Big Cities”. You should write at
least 120 words following the outline given bellow:
1. 大城市的交通拥挤问题越来越凸显
2. 有人提出通过车辆限行缓解交通压力，原因是„„
3. 我的看法