广东高考英语基础写作

广东高考英语基础写作

考纲解读

广东省高考英语写作分为两部分,一是基础写作,即我们常说的控制性写作;二是

读写任务写作,属发散性写作。综观近年来的高考英语写作,测试的内容正在从知识型向能

力型转变,写作文体日趋多元化,命题更具开放性,也就是说对考生英语写作能力的要求也

在逐年提高。基础写作题目的目的是检测考生最基础的书面语言表达能力,如用词的合理性、

结构的复杂性、语法运用的正确性、信息内容的完整性、句子之间的连贯性等。

基础写作的评分标准:1.信息内容的完整性(Completeness);2.信息内容的连贯性

(Coherence);3.句子结构的正确性(Correctness);4.句子结构的复杂性(Variety)。

考生要了解复杂句的概念、学会使用复杂句来表达信息要点,尽量避免一些受汉语思维

影响而犯的书面表达错误。总之,考生必须具备用英语熟练地表达自己所在的生活环境的能

力。

命题分析

1.基础写作题材贴近考生的学习和生活。历年来高考作文题的题材都非常贴近考生

的学习生活,如:校园活动、校外见闻、交友、旅游以及与考生有关的话题讨论等。可以预

料2012年高考写作题的题材还会在这些范围之内,并为考生所熟悉。

2.写作的体裁主要是记叙文和应用文。命题形式多为看图写故事,看图表说明、根

据表格信息写一篇通讯报道,写一封短信或一份通知等。

3.以下是广东省近3年高考基础写作题的对照表:

应试点睛

基础写作主要考查考生对英语基本句型的运用、综合知识的运用、语言结构的安排及基

本表述的能力。此题型基本不要求考生对写作内容进行发挥,只需将所给信息完整、准确、

连贯地写出就可以了。实际上就是翻译和连词成句、扩句成文的形式。基础写作简单分为以

下几步:

1.仔细审读写作要求和写作内容信息;

2.确定标题(如果题中要求写标题就确定标题,若题中没做要求则可以不写);

3.写出要点(如文中涉及的重点词汇、短语及句型);

4.列提纲(列提纲的过程实际上是一个谋篇布局,把内容要点按恰当合理的顺序排列,

使文章条理通顺的过程);

5.写草稿并对其修改润色;

6.复查(复查的项目包括:格式是否正确,内容是否完整,表达是否准确,行文是否连

贯等),并使用合适的方法将5个句子衔接成连贯的文章。

题型探究

探究点一 难句的表达

下面我们来谈论一下基础写作的解题方法。基础写作的难点是难句的表达。每一道题目

的中文内容都有一些与英文表达稍有差异甚至大相径庭的表达形式。

【举例说明】假设你是李华, 请根据你校美化校园的规划, 用英语给你在美国的笔友

Peter写一封信, 介绍该规划。信的主要内容如下:

【写作要求】

1.应包含所给出的全部信息, 开头和结尾已经给出,但不计入总句数;

2.必须使用5个句子组成连贯的短文。

Dear Peter,

I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program. .

Welcome to our school if you have any chance.

Yours,

Li Hua

【学生样本】

Dear Peter,

I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program.①In order to make

our school beautiful and clean the air, we plan to have more trees in our school now.②In

order to get good places to study and live, we have many plans.③First, we plan to build a

botanical garden and let students visit and use.④Second, we plan to build up a small garden

for people to rest and study.⑤At last, we plan to build some statues of famous people to

effect students and teachers.

Welcome to our school if you have any chance.

Yours,

Li Hua

【评论点拨】 我们来看看学生的样本有什么地方可以改进:

第①句:“In order to make our school beautiful and clean the air ”比较生硬, to make

our school beautiful应该改为to make our school more beautiful;“we plan to have more

trees in our school now”中的have改为plant会好些。

第②句:没有涉及表格内的内容, 是个废句, 而且还霸占了后面的信息的位置。

第③句:“First, we plan to build a botanical garden and let students visit and use.”中的

画线部分没有表达出“供同学们参观、实践”的意思。

第④句:“Second, we plan to build up a small garden for people to rest and study.”中应

删掉up, study后应该加上in。不过改为“Second, we plan to build a small garden in which we

can take a rest and do some reading.”会好些。

第⑤句:“At last, we plan to build some statues of famous people to effect students and

teachers.”中的effect应该改为encourage。

另外,这篇文章的主语全部都是we, 虽然可以最大限度地减少英语表达方面的错误,

但是比较单调, 可能影响高分。不过, 我们只要变换句式, 例如改为被动语态等, 就

可以达到很好的效果。

【参考范文】

Dear Peter,

I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program.The purposes of the

program are to make our school more beautiful, to make the air cleaner and fresher, and to

turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.According to the program, we

will plant different kinds of trees, flowers and grass in and around our school.A botanical which we can do some reading and take a rest.What’

Welcome to our school if you have any chance.

Yours,

Li Hua

【注】 由于主语灵活变动, 使文章读起来摆脱了呆板, 行文有了生气。

探究点二 句子的质量

我们经常说某个句子地道, 就是因为这个句子体现了英语民族的思维方式。在基础写

作中,要经常使用这种地道的句子。

【举例说明】

比较以下句子:

1.Clinton had wanted to collect a heavy tax on the middle class.

修改后:A heavy tax on the middle class was Clinton’s idea.

2.The people who listen to the radio have a habit of getting up early, but those who watch

TV usually go to bed late.

修改后:Radio listeners are early birds, but TV viewers are usually night owls.

3.After the American farmers used the industrial methods into agriculture, they made great

progress in agriculture.

修改后: The use of industrial methods was the reason for America’s great progress in

agriculture.

【评论点拨】

第1句首先呈现信息的焦点“向中产阶级征收重税”, 然后才说“这是克林顿想干的事情”。

句子的was就是“曾经”的意思。

第2句运用构词法与修辞手法。the people who listen to the radio被复合词radio listeners

所代替, those who watch TV被复合词TV viewers所代替, 干脆利落。have a habit of

getting up early读起来有点呆板, 使用修辞手法把早起的人比喻为early birds, 又把晚睡

的人比喻为night owls, 这样读起来就会饶有趣味。

第3句运用名词化的技术。所谓名词化, 就是把英文的动词改为名词, 通过其他词来指

示名词之间的关系。the American farmers used the industrial methods into agriculture...是

一个句子, 修改后变为名词短语 the use of industrial methods。句子they made great

progress in agriculture变为名词短语America’s great progress in agriculture。前一个名词短

语是原因, 后一个名词短语是结果, 中间用名词reason就说明了两个名词短语之间的关

系。

探究点三 “超量信息”型

广东高考英语基础写作的特点之一是:信息要经过处理才能够写成文章。处理的方式有两

种:第一种比较简单, 我们称为“非信息选择”型, 考生只需要把题目要求的全部信息表

达出来就可以了。第二种是“超量信息”型, 考生必须要进行“选择性写作”, 不需要也不

能够把题目全部信息表达出来,这种的难度较大。“超量信息”型基础写作的最大特征是题

目含有不需要的信息, 这种信息必须予以摒弃。如果含有这种不需要的信息, 其结果是“该

写的没写, 不该写的写了”, 分数就会很低。

【举例说明】

请根据以下你在研究性学习中搜集到的小明学习英文写作的方法和心得, 挑选相关信息,

写一篇文章作为演讲稿。

【写作内容】

小明说, 要背诵范文, 这样可以运用英语思维进行模仿性写作;要多阅读英文文章, 这

样可以吸收语言材料;要听英文广播, 这样可以提高听力水平;要学习语法, 这样可以

正确表达;要多写日记, 这样可以在练中学;要多练习口语, 这样可以提高口头技能;

要参考别人的作文, 这样可以取长补短。

【写作要求】

1.必须紧扣题目《怎样学习英文写作》;

2.必须使用5个规范的英语句子, 组织成连贯的短文;

3.开头、结尾已经写好, 不计入总句数。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确, 信息内容完整, 篇章结构连贯。

Ladies and gentlemen,

Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing.

That’s all. Thank you.

【评论点拨】

1.信息的筛选

根据题目要求, “怎样学习英文写作”只涉及与写作有关的材料, 这是一个非常重要的要

求, 言下之意就是说, “听英文广播”与“练习口语”不属于学习英文写作的方法。那么, 有

效的信息只有5个, 分别是:背诵范文、多阅读英文文章、学习语法、多写日记和参考别

人的作文, 另外加上这些做法的目的。

2.信息的组合

根据题目的提示, 现在用表格把内容排列如下, 当然次序可以调整:

经过信息的筛选和重新组合, 文章就比较通顺了。

【学生样本】

Ladies and gentlemen,

Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing.Firstly, I will recite the model articles so that I can imitate writing ①by English thoughts.

Secondly, I will read more English ②article to absorb more language material.

Thirdly, I will learn grammar to express in the right way.

What’s more, in order to ③learn by doing, I will write some ②diary.

In addition, I will refer to others’ articles so that I can ①gain the advantages to mend my disadvantages.

That’s all.Thank you.

【参考范文】

Ladies and gentlemen,

Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing.

I often recite good English articles, which helps me think in English when I imitate English writing.I also read English articles widely to take in as many language materials as possible.Besides, in order to express correctly, I think it is important to learn

some

grammar.I keep a diary every day so that I can learn by writing.Also I often refer to others’ articles to know what I need and what I can learn from others.

That’s all.Thank you.

专题一 记叙文型基础写作

专题导读

记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式,以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体,包括记人记事方面的故事、日记、游记、新闻、通讯等。记叙文通常要将时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果六个要素交代清楚。通常使用第一人称或第三人称来写,第一人称主要是用于写自传或本人的经历,第三人称是用于写他人的经历或事迹。写作时要注意以下几点:

1.注意不要漏掉信息点,但也不要为了生动而随意添加信息。

2.信息点的表述不一定完全按照题目所给的顺序,可能要适当重组。要特别注意故事发展的线索和时间顺序等。

3.记叙文写作的时态多数是用一般过去时,但也要注意灵活运用其他时态。

4.高考中记叙文的话题通常是与中学生的生活阅历有关,如校园生活、旅游、交通、交友等,平时要注意积累这些方面的词汇和短语。

典例导练

【2011·湖北卷改编】请根据以下提示,结合你校园生活中的一个事例,就“与人合作”这一话题,用英语写一篇短文。

Working in groups at school is an opportunity to learn more about teamwork.Teamwork shows us how other people’s roles fit the purpose of the group, and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people.

【写作要求】

只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork is the most important for me. In fact, I didn’t realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.At first, I did most of the duties myself while other students cared little about class activities.As a result, I was tired out and depressed so I turned to my teacher, who advised me to cooperate with others.

It is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient.

新题预测

【写作要求】

只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

Yesterday my classmates and I went to West Mountain and had a picnic.

All of us set off at seven o’clock from our school gate and rode to the foot of the mountain.After an hour’s climbing, we reached the top of the mountain and enjoyed the beautiful scenery.Running, singing, dancing, playing chess and taking photos, we had a wonderful time there.

After the picnic lunch at three o’clock, we felt very tired, so we went down the mountain and came home.

(二)

请根据以下说明,使用5个规范的英语句子描述所给的全部内容。

【写作内容】

假如你叫孙军,是某市一所中学的学生。老师要求同学们写一篇英文短文,反映学校门前交通拥挤的现象,短文须包括以下要点:

【写作要求】

必须使用5个句子表达全部的内容。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

Beside my school there is a primary school and the gates of the two schools both face the main road. In rush hours, there are so many cars, buses and bikes on the main road that the students have to cross it to school. Crowds of people often thread their way through the moving cars and buses. What’s worse, some pupils are too young to go to school by themselves, so many parents have to go along with them to make sure that their children are safe. I think the government should build an overpass over the road so that we can pass through it safely; otherwise accidents are sure to happen from time to time.

专题二 应用文型基础写作

应用文是指日常生活和工作中为某种具体的实用目的而写的文体,主要有书信、通知、海报、请柬、请假条、便条、日记、启事、祝辞、履历表等。应用文的语言力求平实、准确、简洁,表达的内容结构严谨,且易于理解掌握。写作时要注意以下几点:

1.正式的应用文有比较规范的格式,但高考中的基础写作至今尚未考查过格式,只要求表达正文内容。

2.注意时态,如日记常用过去时态,通知、请柬通常要用将来时态,而履历表用现在时态。

3.应用文的写作往往有一些特定的习惯语句或套话,这些语句在考试中可能会考查到,所以要重点掌握。

典例导练

【2011·四川卷改编】最近,某中学生英文报开设了“Afterclass Activities”的栏目,请你根据以下提示,为该栏目写一篇英文稿件,并鼓励同学们积极参加课外活动。

【写作内容】

1.你校开展课外活动的情况;

2.你参加过的课外活动及给你带来的益处;

3.为同学选择课外活动提出建议;

4.为学校开展课外活动提出建议。

注意:

【写作要求】

1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容;

2.文章的开头已为你写好,不计入总句数。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯

One possible version:

Afterclass Activities

Nowadays,afterclass activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools.

In our school,there are various kinds of activities,which we enjoy very much.Playing football and reading stories are my favorites.Besides building my body and enriching my knowledge,they also free me from the heavy work of study.

As a student,you’d better choose the activities which interest you and on the other hand,the school should organize more activities for students and leave them more time for activities by giving them less homework.

Dear friends,please actively take part in afterclass activities.

新题预测

(一)

【写作内容】

假定你是李华,希望通过外籍教师Peter找一个英语笔友。请写一封短信,描述一下你理想中笔友的条件,并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括:

1.年龄;2.性别;3.爱好(旅游、运动、宠物等)。

【写作要求】

1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容;

2.信的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总句数。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

(一)One possible version:

Dear Peter,

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Best regards,

Li Hua

(二)

假设你是王平,李华是你的同窗好友,请根据下列要点,用英文给李华写一篇毕业留言。

【写作内容】

1.简要表述李华在你心目中的印象;

2.用一到两个相关的事例进行具体描述;

3.对她表示美好的祝愿。

【写作要求】

1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容;

2.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总句数;

3.留言中不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

June 26, 2010

Dear Li Hua,

It’s time to say goodbye.It’s time to recall those beautiful days we spent together and you ware the very person who gave me a hand when necessary and the most considerate person who knew exactly what I needed.

When I suddenly fell ill two years ago, it was you who carried me on your back to a nearby hospital.You took good care of me while I was having an injection.Later, you managed to help me with my lessons, without which I would have failed in the examination.

I still have hundreds of stories to share with you and have thousands of blessings for you. May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe!

Yours,

Wang Ping

专题三 说明文型基础写作

专题导读

说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章。高考中,说明文常见的话题有:产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。近几年的说明文主要是及时性的说明文。写作这类文章需注意以下几点:

1.首先要读题审题,弄清需要介绍的内容,把握信息要点,不可遗漏也不能添加。

2.写作内容要条理清楚,层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法和因果法等;说明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法与分类法等。

3.时态常用一般现在时,当然若是介绍其历史时,要用一般过去时;语态可能用到被动语态;若是介绍地点环境等,要善于运用there be结构。

【2011·广东卷】以下是一本图书的基本信息及相关报道。

基本信息:

(1)书名:Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother

(2)作者:Amy Chua,美籍华人,耶鲁*大学教授

(3)出版时间:2010年

(4)内容:作者用中国传统方式教育两个女儿的故事

(5)效应:引发了中美教育方式孰优孰劣的讨论

相关报道:

(1)中文版:2011年初开始在中国销售

(2)意外反应:多数中国妈妈不赞同作者的做法

(3)最新消息:17岁的大女儿已被哈佛**和耶鲁录取

*耶鲁:Yale;**哈佛:Harvard

【写作内容】

根据以上信息写一篇图书介绍,内容包括:

1.图书的基本信息;

2.图书的相关报道。

【写作要求】

只能用5个句子表达全部内容。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

Version 1:

A book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua was published in 2010.It tells how the author,a Chinese American and professor at Yale University,educated her two daughters in the traditional Chinese way.Its publication has started a debate as to which way of parenting is superior,the traditional Chinese way or the American way.It is reported that the Chinese version of the book began to sell in China early 2011.Unexpectedly,the majority of mothers in China disagree with the author though her 17yearold elder daughter was lately reported to have got offers from both Harvard and Yale.

Version 2:

A book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua was published in 2010.It tells how

the author,a Chinese American and professor at Yale University,educated her two daughters in the traditional Chinese way.Its publication has started a debate as to which way of parenting is superior,the traditional Chinese way or the American way.It is reported that the Chinese version of the book began to sell in China early 2011.Unexpectedly,the majority of mothers in China disagree with the author though her 17yearold elder daughter was lately reported to have got offers from both Harvard and Yale.

新题预测

【写作内容】

请根据以下内容提示写一篇欢迎辞。

假定英国客人琼斯(Jones)夫妇将到你校参观访问,他们将把一批图书和电脑作为礼物送给你们。你们将送一幅中国画给他们。

现在要你准备一篇欢迎辞(speech),内容包括以下几点:

(1)欢迎英国客人来参观我校;

(2)感谢他们送的礼物;

(3)简单介绍你们学校的情况:学校有90年的历史,现在有两座教学楼、一座实验楼、一个图书馆和一个大运动场;

(4)教师工作认真,学生学习努力;

(5)欢迎客人在参观后提出建议,以改进学校工作。

【写作要求】

1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容;

2.开头和结尾已写好,不计入总句数。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

Ladies and gentlemen,teachers and students,

I have the honour to make a speech to welcome the respected British guests — Mr Jones and Mrs Jones.

Firstly, thank you very much for your gifts—a lot of books and computers and in return we’ll send you a famous Chinese picture as a present.

Our school is a big one with a history of 90 years.Now it has been equipped with two teaching buildings, a laboratory building, a library, and a playground.The teachers are strict in their work and students study hard.After you have been shown around our school, we hope you’ll give us advice on how to improve our work so that we can run our school better.

Wish you have a good time in our school.

Thank you!

专题四 议论文型基础写作

议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论,表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素,即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是:观点正确,认真概括,有实际意义;论据的基本要求是:真实可靠,充分典型;论证的基本要求是:推理必须符合逻辑。

议论文的写作要注意以下几点:

1.准确找出论点、论据及其之间的相互关系,即找出要点。

2.合理安排材料的顺序,即论点、论据和结论之间的表述方式。

3.注意文章的时态、语态等。议论文常用一般现在时,但叙说过去的事实时,可用过去时态;预测将来时,要用将来时态;也经常使用被动语态;有时假设一种虚拟情况时,还需要用虚拟语气。

典例导练

【2011·湖南卷改编】【写作内容】

假设你参加所在年级的英文写作比赛,请按如下要求完成一篇短文:

1.简要描述下图内容,并点明主题;

2.联系实际,表达该图带给你的启示。

【写作要求】

1.只能使用5个句子表达所有内容,

开头已给出,但不计入总句数。

2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章

结构连贯。

One possible version:

As can be seen from the picture,when drops of water accumulate,they can form the sea;trees added together can make the forest,and the human society is formed by every individual or family.

The picture conveys an important message that human society is made up of every individual.It is our responsibility to make as much effort as possible to make our society a good place to live in.As a matter of fact,every individual has his uniqueness and every individual has something in common with others as well.Learning from each other,we can bring richness to our quality and we can live a harmonious life.That is what all the people expect,I am sure.

新题预测

(一)

中国民工学校状况越来越受到人们的关注,假设你是李华,你和你的同学共同对你所在城市的民工学校进行了调查。了解情况之后你写信给英语周报,呼吁全社会关注民工学校,帮助民工子弟。

参考词汇:民工学校migrant school

【写作要求】

1.只能使用5个句子表达所有内容,信的开头与结尾已经给出,不计入总句数。

2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

Dear Editor,

Recently,my classmates and I made a survey about the migrant schools in our city.Problems do exist.

Owing to the lack of money, most migrant schools have no modern equipment, no playground, no libraries, and even not enough teachers. However, we find that the migrant kids are just as keen on study as us. In order to improve the situation, we think our government should take measures to pour more money into migrant schools. As for us, the local students, can help to collect money or donate books to them. We do hope that the whole society can care more about migrant kids, because if everyone contributes a bit, migrant kids can surely enjoy an equal education opportunity.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

(二)

【写作内容】

近年来,不少中学生注册了博客,对此人们观点各异。有人认为写博客可以帮助学生展示自我,减缓压力。也有人认为它浪费时间,耽误学习。请根据以上提示并结合自己的想法谈谈不同的人(包括你自己)对中学生写博客的看法。

【写作要求】

1.文章的题目和开头已给出(不计入总句数);

2.文中不得出现考生的具体信息。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

Middle School Students Are Writing Blogs

In recent years, it’s a common phenomenon that a growing number of middle school students start their own blogs on the Internet.

Some believe it can provide a colorful stage for students to show their talents and it’s a nice way to help them relieve pressure.However, others agree that managing a blog will take a lot of time and energy, which should be used for study.

Personally, I do approve of students having their own blogs because the Internet is playing a vital part in our life.As a matter of fact, whether blogging is of harm or not depends on how we employ it.If we can take full advantage of blogging and meanwhile avoid its negative effects, we can surely benefit a lot from it.

广东高考英语基础写作

考纲解读

广东省高考英语写作分为两部分,一是基础写作,即我们常说的控制性写作;二是

读写任务写作,属发散性写作。综观近年来的高考英语写作,测试的内容正在从知识型向能

力型转变,写作文体日趋多元化,命题更具开放性,也就是说对考生英语写作能力的要求也

在逐年提高。基础写作题目的目的是检测考生最基础的书面语言表达能力,如用词的合理性、

结构的复杂性、语法运用的正确性、信息内容的完整性、句子之间的连贯性等。

基础写作的评分标准:1.信息内容的完整性(Completeness);2.信息内容的连贯性

(Coherence);3.句子结构的正确性(Correctness);4.句子结构的复杂性(Variety)。

考生要了解复杂句的概念、学会使用复杂句来表达信息要点,尽量避免一些受汉语思维

影响而犯的书面表达错误。总之,考生必须具备用英语熟练地表达自己所在的生活环境的能

力。

命题分析

1.基础写作题材贴近考生的学习和生活。历年来高考作文题的题材都非常贴近考生

的学习生活,如:校园活动、校外见闻、交友、旅游以及与考生有关的话题讨论等。可以预

料2012年高考写作题的题材还会在这些范围之内,并为考生所熟悉。

2.写作的体裁主要是记叙文和应用文。命题形式多为看图写故事,看图表说明、根

据表格信息写一篇通讯报道,写一封短信或一份通知等。

3.以下是广东省近3年高考基础写作题的对照表:

应试点睛

基础写作主要考查考生对英语基本句型的运用、综合知识的运用、语言结构的安排及基

本表述的能力。此题型基本不要求考生对写作内容进行发挥,只需将所给信息完整、准确、

连贯地写出就可以了。实际上就是翻译和连词成句、扩句成文的形式。基础写作简单分为以

下几步:

1.仔细审读写作要求和写作内容信息;

2.确定标题(如果题中要求写标题就确定标题,若题中没做要求则可以不写);

3.写出要点(如文中涉及的重点词汇、短语及句型);

4.列提纲(列提纲的过程实际上是一个谋篇布局,把内容要点按恰当合理的顺序排列,

使文章条理通顺的过程);

5.写草稿并对其修改润色;

6.复查(复查的项目包括:格式是否正确,内容是否完整,表达是否准确,行文是否连

贯等),并使用合适的方法将5个句子衔接成连贯的文章。

题型探究

探究点一 难句的表达

下面我们来谈论一下基础写作的解题方法。基础写作的难点是难句的表达。每一道题目

的中文内容都有一些与英文表达稍有差异甚至大相径庭的表达形式。

【举例说明】假设你是李华, 请根据你校美化校园的规划, 用英语给你在美国的笔友

Peter写一封信, 介绍该规划。信的主要内容如下:

【写作要求】

1.应包含所给出的全部信息, 开头和结尾已经给出,但不计入总句数;

2.必须使用5个句子组成连贯的短文。

Dear Peter,

I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program. .

Welcome to our school if you have any chance.

Yours,

Li Hua

【学生样本】

Dear Peter,

I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program.①In order to make

our school beautiful and clean the air, we plan to have more trees in our school now.②In

order to get good places to study and live, we have many plans.③First, we plan to build a

botanical garden and let students visit and use.④Second, we plan to build up a small garden

for people to rest and study.⑤At last, we plan to build some statues of famous people to

effect students and teachers.

Welcome to our school if you have any chance.

Yours,

Li Hua

【评论点拨】 我们来看看学生的样本有什么地方可以改进:

第①句:“In order to make our school beautiful and clean the air ”比较生硬, to make

our school beautiful应该改为to make our school more beautiful;“we plan to have more

trees in our school now”中的have改为plant会好些。

第②句:没有涉及表格内的内容, 是个废句, 而且还霸占了后面的信息的位置。

第③句:“First, we plan to build a botanical garden and let students visit and use.”中的

画线部分没有表达出“供同学们参观、实践”的意思。

第④句:“Second, we plan to build up a small garden for people to rest and study.”中应

删掉up, study后应该加上in。不过改为“Second, we plan to build a small garden in which we

can take a rest and do some reading.”会好些。

第⑤句:“At last, we plan to build some statues of famous people to effect students and

teachers.”中的effect应该改为encourage。

另外,这篇文章的主语全部都是we, 虽然可以最大限度地减少英语表达方面的错误,

但是比较单调, 可能影响高分。不过, 我们只要变换句式, 例如改为被动语态等, 就

可以达到很好的效果。

【参考范文】

Dear Peter,

I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program.The purposes of the

program are to make our school more beautiful, to make the air cleaner and fresher, and to

turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.According to the program, we

will plant different kinds of trees, flowers and grass in and around our school.A botanical which we can do some reading and take a rest.What’

Welcome to our school if you have any chance.

Yours,

Li Hua

【注】 由于主语灵活变动, 使文章读起来摆脱了呆板, 行文有了生气。

探究点二 句子的质量

我们经常说某个句子地道, 就是因为这个句子体现了英语民族的思维方式。在基础写

作中,要经常使用这种地道的句子。

【举例说明】

比较以下句子:

1.Clinton had wanted to collect a heavy tax on the middle class.

修改后:A heavy tax on the middle class was Clinton’s idea.

2.The people who listen to the radio have a habit of getting up early, but those who watch

TV usually go to bed late.

修改后:Radio listeners are early birds, but TV viewers are usually night owls.

3.After the American farmers used the industrial methods into agriculture, they made great

progress in agriculture.

修改后: The use of industrial methods was the reason for America’s great progress in

agriculture.

【评论点拨】

第1句首先呈现信息的焦点“向中产阶级征收重税”, 然后才说“这是克林顿想干的事情”。

句子的was就是“曾经”的意思。

第2句运用构词法与修辞手法。the people who listen to the radio被复合词radio listeners

所代替, those who watch TV被复合词TV viewers所代替, 干脆利落。have a habit of

getting up early读起来有点呆板, 使用修辞手法把早起的人比喻为early birds, 又把晚睡

的人比喻为night owls, 这样读起来就会饶有趣味。

第3句运用名词化的技术。所谓名词化, 就是把英文的动词改为名词, 通过其他词来指

示名词之间的关系。the American farmers used the industrial methods into agriculture...是

一个句子, 修改后变为名词短语 the use of industrial methods。句子they made great

progress in agriculture变为名词短语America’s great progress in agriculture。前一个名词短

语是原因, 后一个名词短语是结果, 中间用名词reason就说明了两个名词短语之间的关

系。

探究点三 “超量信息”型

广东高考英语基础写作的特点之一是:信息要经过处理才能够写成文章。处理的方式有两

种:第一种比较简单, 我们称为“非信息选择”型, 考生只需要把题目要求的全部信息表

达出来就可以了。第二种是“超量信息”型, 考生必须要进行“选择性写作”, 不需要也不

能够把题目全部信息表达出来,这种的难度较大。“超量信息”型基础写作的最大特征是题

目含有不需要的信息, 这种信息必须予以摒弃。如果含有这种不需要的信息, 其结果是“该

写的没写, 不该写的写了”, 分数就会很低。

【举例说明】

请根据以下你在研究性学习中搜集到的小明学习英文写作的方法和心得, 挑选相关信息,

写一篇文章作为演讲稿。

【写作内容】

小明说, 要背诵范文, 这样可以运用英语思维进行模仿性写作;要多阅读英文文章, 这

样可以吸收语言材料;要听英文广播, 这样可以提高听力水平;要学习语法, 这样可以

正确表达;要多写日记, 这样可以在练中学;要多练习口语, 这样可以提高口头技能;

要参考别人的作文, 这样可以取长补短。

【写作要求】

1.必须紧扣题目《怎样学习英文写作》;

2.必须使用5个规范的英语句子, 组织成连贯的短文;

3.开头、结尾已经写好, 不计入总句数。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确, 信息内容完整, 篇章结构连贯。

Ladies and gentlemen,

Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing.

That’s all. Thank you.

【评论点拨】

1.信息的筛选

根据题目要求, “怎样学习英文写作”只涉及与写作有关的材料, 这是一个非常重要的要

求, 言下之意就是说, “听英文广播”与“练习口语”不属于学习英文写作的方法。那么, 有

效的信息只有5个, 分别是:背诵范文、多阅读英文文章、学习语法、多写日记和参考别

人的作文, 另外加上这些做法的目的。

2.信息的组合

根据题目的提示, 现在用表格把内容排列如下, 当然次序可以调整:

经过信息的筛选和重新组合, 文章就比较通顺了。

【学生样本】

Ladies and gentlemen,

Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing.Firstly, I will recite the model articles so that I can imitate writing ①by English thoughts.

Secondly, I will read more English ②article to absorb more language material.

Thirdly, I will learn grammar to express in the right way.

What’s more, in order to ③learn by doing, I will write some ②diary.

In addition, I will refer to others’ articles so that I can ①gain the advantages to mend my disadvantages.

That’s all.Thank you.

【参考范文】

Ladies and gentlemen,

Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing.

I often recite good English articles, which helps me think in English when I imitate English writing.I also read English articles widely to take in as many language materials as possible.Besides, in order to express correctly, I think it is important to learn

some

grammar.I keep a diary every day so that I can learn by writing.Also I often refer to others’ articles to know what I need and what I can learn from others.

That’s all.Thank you.

专题一 记叙文型基础写作

专题导读

记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式,以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体,包括记人记事方面的故事、日记、游记、新闻、通讯等。记叙文通常要将时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果六个要素交代清楚。通常使用第一人称或第三人称来写,第一人称主要是用于写自传或本人的经历,第三人称是用于写他人的经历或事迹。写作时要注意以下几点:

1.注意不要漏掉信息点,但也不要为了生动而随意添加信息。

2.信息点的表述不一定完全按照题目所给的顺序,可能要适当重组。要特别注意故事发展的线索和时间顺序等。

3.记叙文写作的时态多数是用一般过去时,但也要注意灵活运用其他时态。

4.高考中记叙文的话题通常是与中学生的生活阅历有关,如校园生活、旅游、交通、交友等,平时要注意积累这些方面的词汇和短语。

典例导练

【2011·湖北卷改编】请根据以下提示,结合你校园生活中的一个事例,就“与人合作”这一话题,用英语写一篇短文。

Working in groups at school is an opportunity to learn more about teamwork.Teamwork shows us how other people’s roles fit the purpose of the group, and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people.

【写作要求】

只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork is the most important for me. In fact, I didn’t realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.At first, I did most of the duties myself while other students cared little about class activities.As a result, I was tired out and depressed so I turned to my teacher, who advised me to cooperate with others.

It is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient.

新题预测

【写作要求】

只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

Yesterday my classmates and I went to West Mountain and had a picnic.

All of us set off at seven o’clock from our school gate and rode to the foot of the mountain.After an hour’s climbing, we reached the top of the mountain and enjoyed the beautiful scenery.Running, singing, dancing, playing chess and taking photos, we had a wonderful time there.

After the picnic lunch at three o’clock, we felt very tired, so we went down the mountain and came home.

(二)

请根据以下说明,使用5个规范的英语句子描述所给的全部内容。

【写作内容】

假如你叫孙军,是某市一所中学的学生。老师要求同学们写一篇英文短文,反映学校门前交通拥挤的现象,短文须包括以下要点:

【写作要求】

必须使用5个句子表达全部的内容。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

Beside my school there is a primary school and the gates of the two schools both face the main road. In rush hours, there are so many cars, buses and bikes on the main road that the students have to cross it to school. Crowds of people often thread their way through the moving cars and buses. What’s worse, some pupils are too young to go to school by themselves, so many parents have to go along with them to make sure that their children are safe. I think the government should build an overpass over the road so that we can pass through it safely; otherwise accidents are sure to happen from time to time.

专题二 应用文型基础写作

应用文是指日常生活和工作中为某种具体的实用目的而写的文体,主要有书信、通知、海报、请柬、请假条、便条、日记、启事、祝辞、履历表等。应用文的语言力求平实、准确、简洁,表达的内容结构严谨,且易于理解掌握。写作时要注意以下几点:

1.正式的应用文有比较规范的格式,但高考中的基础写作至今尚未考查过格式,只要求表达正文内容。

2.注意时态,如日记常用过去时态,通知、请柬通常要用将来时态,而履历表用现在时态。

3.应用文的写作往往有一些特定的习惯语句或套话,这些语句在考试中可能会考查到,所以要重点掌握。

典例导练

【2011·四川卷改编】最近,某中学生英文报开设了“Afterclass Activities”的栏目,请你根据以下提示,为该栏目写一篇英文稿件,并鼓励同学们积极参加课外活动。

【写作内容】

1.你校开展课外活动的情况;

2.你参加过的课外活动及给你带来的益处;

3.为同学选择课外活动提出建议;

4.为学校开展课外活动提出建议。

注意:

【写作要求】

1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容;

2.文章的开头已为你写好,不计入总句数。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯

One possible version:

Afterclass Activities

Nowadays,afterclass activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools.

In our school,there are various kinds of activities,which we enjoy very much.Playing football and reading stories are my favorites.Besides building my body and enriching my knowledge,they also free me from the heavy work of study.

As a student,you’d better choose the activities which interest you and on the other hand,the school should organize more activities for students and leave them more time for activities by giving them less homework.

Dear friends,please actively take part in afterclass activities.

新题预测

(一)

【写作内容】

假定你是李华,希望通过外籍教师Peter找一个英语笔友。请写一封短信,描述一下你理想中笔友的条件,并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括:

1.年龄;2.性别;3.爱好(旅游、运动、宠物等)。

【写作要求】

1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容;

2.信的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总句数。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

(一)One possible version:

Dear Peter,

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Best regards,

Li Hua

(二)

假设你是王平,李华是你的同窗好友,请根据下列要点,用英文给李华写一篇毕业留言。

【写作内容】

1.简要表述李华在你心目中的印象;

2.用一到两个相关的事例进行具体描述;

3.对她表示美好的祝愿。

【写作要求】

1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容;

2.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总句数;

3.留言中不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

June 26, 2010

Dear Li Hua,

It’s time to say goodbye.It’s time to recall those beautiful days we spent together and you ware the very person who gave me a hand when necessary and the most considerate person who knew exactly what I needed.

When I suddenly fell ill two years ago, it was you who carried me on your back to a nearby hospital.You took good care of me while I was having an injection.Later, you managed to help me with my lessons, without which I would have failed in the examination.

I still have hundreds of stories to share with you and have thousands of blessings for you. May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe!

Yours,

Wang Ping

专题三 说明文型基础写作

专题导读

说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章。高考中,说明文常见的话题有:产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。近几年的说明文主要是及时性的说明文。写作这类文章需注意以下几点:

1.首先要读题审题,弄清需要介绍的内容,把握信息要点,不可遗漏也不能添加。

2.写作内容要条理清楚,层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法和因果法等;说明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法与分类法等。

3.时态常用一般现在时,当然若是介绍其历史时,要用一般过去时;语态可能用到被动语态;若是介绍地点环境等,要善于运用there be结构。

【2011·广东卷】以下是一本图书的基本信息及相关报道。

基本信息:

(1)书名:Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother

(2)作者:Amy Chua,美籍华人,耶鲁*大学教授

(3)出版时间:2010年

(4)内容:作者用中国传统方式教育两个女儿的故事

(5)效应:引发了中美教育方式孰优孰劣的讨论

相关报道:

(1)中文版:2011年初开始在中国销售

(2)意外反应:多数中国妈妈不赞同作者的做法

(3)最新消息:17岁的大女儿已被哈佛**和耶鲁录取

*耶鲁:Yale;**哈佛:Harvard

【写作内容】

根据以上信息写一篇图书介绍,内容包括:

1.图书的基本信息;

2.图书的相关报道。

【写作要求】

只能用5个句子表达全部内容。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

Version 1:

A book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua was published in 2010.It tells how the author,a Chinese American and professor at Yale University,educated her two daughters in the traditional Chinese way.Its publication has started a debate as to which way of parenting is superior,the traditional Chinese way or the American way.It is reported that the Chinese version of the book began to sell in China early 2011.Unexpectedly,the majority of mothers in China disagree with the author though her 17yearold elder daughter was lately reported to have got offers from both Harvard and Yale.

Version 2:

A book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua was published in 2010.It tells how

the author,a Chinese American and professor at Yale University,educated her two daughters in the traditional Chinese way.Its publication has started a debate as to which way of parenting is superior,the traditional Chinese way or the American way.It is reported that the Chinese version of the book began to sell in China early 2011.Unexpectedly,the majority of mothers in China disagree with the author though her 17yearold elder daughter was lately reported to have got offers from both Harvard and Yale.

新题预测

【写作内容】

请根据以下内容提示写一篇欢迎辞。

假定英国客人琼斯(Jones)夫妇将到你校参观访问,他们将把一批图书和电脑作为礼物送给你们。你们将送一幅中国画给他们。

现在要你准备一篇欢迎辞(speech),内容包括以下几点:

(1)欢迎英国客人来参观我校;

(2)感谢他们送的礼物;

(3)简单介绍你们学校的情况:学校有90年的历史,现在有两座教学楼、一座实验楼、一个图书馆和一个大运动场;

(4)教师工作认真,学生学习努力;

(5)欢迎客人在参观后提出建议,以改进学校工作。

【写作要求】

1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容;

2.开头和结尾已写好,不计入总句数。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

Ladies and gentlemen,teachers and students,

I have the honour to make a speech to welcome the respected British guests — Mr Jones and Mrs Jones.

Firstly, thank you very much for your gifts—a lot of books and computers and in return we’ll send you a famous Chinese picture as a present.

Our school is a big one with a history of 90 years.Now it has been equipped with two teaching buildings, a laboratory building, a library, and a playground.The teachers are strict in their work and students study hard.After you have been shown around our school, we hope you’ll give us advice on how to improve our work so that we can run our school better.

Wish you have a good time in our school.

Thank you!

专题四 议论文型基础写作

议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论,表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素,即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是:观点正确,认真概括,有实际意义;论据的基本要求是:真实可靠,充分典型;论证的基本要求是:推理必须符合逻辑。

议论文的写作要注意以下几点:

1.准确找出论点、论据及其之间的相互关系,即找出要点。

2.合理安排材料的顺序,即论点、论据和结论之间的表述方式。

3.注意文章的时态、语态等。议论文常用一般现在时,但叙说过去的事实时,可用过去时态;预测将来时,要用将来时态;也经常使用被动语态;有时假设一种虚拟情况时,还需要用虚拟语气。

典例导练

【2011·湖南卷改编】【写作内容】

假设你参加所在年级的英文写作比赛,请按如下要求完成一篇短文:

1.简要描述下图内容,并点明主题;

2.联系实际,表达该图带给你的启示。

【写作要求】

1.只能使用5个句子表达所有内容,

开头已给出,但不计入总句数。

2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章

结构连贯。

One possible version:

As can be seen from the picture,when drops of water accumulate,they can form the sea;trees added together can make the forest,and the human society is formed by every individual or family.

The picture conveys an important message that human society is made up of every individual.It is our responsibility to make as much effort as possible to make our society a good place to live in.As a matter of fact,every individual has his uniqueness and every individual has something in common with others as well.Learning from each other,we can bring richness to our quality and we can live a harmonious life.That is what all the people expect,I am sure.

新题预测

(一)

中国民工学校状况越来越受到人们的关注,假设你是李华,你和你的同学共同对你所在城市的民工学校进行了调查。了解情况之后你写信给英语周报,呼吁全社会关注民工学校,帮助民工子弟。

参考词汇:民工学校migrant school

【写作要求】

1.只能使用5个句子表达所有内容,信的开头与结尾已经给出,不计入总句数。

2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

Dear Editor,

Recently,my classmates and I made a survey about the migrant schools in our city.Problems do exist.

Owing to the lack of money, most migrant schools have no modern equipment, no playground, no libraries, and even not enough teachers. However, we find that the migrant kids are just as keen on study as us. In order to improve the situation, we think our government should take measures to pour more money into migrant schools. As for us, the local students, can help to collect money or donate books to them. We do hope that the whole society can care more about migrant kids, because if everyone contributes a bit, migrant kids can surely enjoy an equal education opportunity.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

(二)

【写作内容】

近年来,不少中学生注册了博客,对此人们观点各异。有人认为写博客可以帮助学生展示自我,减缓压力。也有人认为它浪费时间,耽误学习。请根据以上提示并结合自己的想法谈谈不同的人(包括你自己)对中学生写博客的看法。

【写作要求】

1.文章的题目和开头已给出(不计入总句数);

2.文中不得出现考生的具体信息。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

One possible version:

Middle School Students Are Writing Blogs

In recent years, it’s a common phenomenon that a growing number of middle school students start their own blogs on the Internet.

Some believe it can provide a colorful stage for students to show their talents and it’s a nice way to help them relieve pressure.However, others agree that managing a blog will take a lot of time and energy, which should be used for study.

Personally, I do approve of students having their own blogs because the Internet is playing a vital part in our life.As a matter of fact, whether blogging is of harm or not depends on how we employ it.If we can take full advantage of blogging and meanwhile avoid its negative effects, we can surely benefit a lot from it.


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