摘要
本次毕业设计主要设计M7130齿条线平面磨床夹具，此夹具的优点是磨削精度高，能够进行不同零件的加工，即能加工各种柱形面有能加工各种平面工件，其应用范围非常广泛。这种夹具主要是利用磨头的上下运动和砂轮的圆周面进行磨削，砂轮的转速较高，圆周离心力也较大，当砂轮与工件的表面接触时，会瞬时磨出火花。本次设计的零件既为圆柱形工件，要求在圆柱面上利用M7130齿条线平面磨床磨出一个扇形面，其加工工序分为：首先在砂轮上先粗铣一个扇形槽，然后使扇形槽砂轮以一定的转速与圆柱形工件的表面接触，最后利用砂轮磨削工件。这样就可以加工出所需要形状的工件。总之通过本次设计，使我了解了M7130齿条线平面磨床夹具的组成部分及各部分所起的作用，从而使我明白了次家具的工作原理。 关键字：夹具、磨削精度、工序
Abstract
This graduation designs a line of the main design M7130 flat surface grinding machine tongs, the advantage of this tongs is to whet to pare the accuracy high, can carry on different spare parts' process, can process various pillar form to face it can process various flat surface work piece, its application is very extensive. This kind of tongs mainly is top and bottom sport and the circumference of the emery wheels that makes use of to whet the head to face to carry on whet to pare, the emery wheel become soon higher, the circumference leaves the mental exertion to also compare greatly, be the surface contact of the emery wheel and the work piece, will whet a spark in a moment. A spare parts for design since is the cylinder form work piece, request to face in the cylinder up make use of a line of the M7130 flat surface grinding machine to whet a fan-shaped side of, it processes the work preface to is divided into: First a fan-shaped slot of first thick on the emery wheel, then make fan-shaped slot emery wheel with certainly turn soon with the surface contact of the cylinder form work piece, make use of the emery wheel to whet to pare the work piece finally. Can process thus the work piece of the demand shape. In fine pass a design, make me understand a line of the M7130 flat surface grinding machine tongs to constitute the part of and each function that part rise, thus make me understand the work principle of a furniture.
Key words: Tongs, whet to pare the accuracy, work preface
目 录
1绪论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 2夹具的简介 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2
2.1夹具的功用、组成和分类 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„2
2.2 夹具设计的特点和基本要求 „„„„„„„„„„„„4
2.2.1 夹具设计的特点„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
2.2.2 夹具设计的基本要求„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
2.3 工件在夹具中的定位 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
2.3.1 工件定位的基本原理„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
2.3.2 夹紧装置的组成„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7
2.3.3 夹紧装置的基本要求„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7
2.3.4夹紧力的确定„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8
2.4 基本夹紧机构选择和应用 „„„„„„„„„„„„„10
2.5 夹紧的动力系统„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11
2.5.1气动夹紧系统的组成和特点 „„„„„„„„„„„„11
2.6夹具的其它装置 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13
2.6.1对刀装置的基本结构 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13
2.6.2对刀装置位置尺寸的确定„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13
2.7分度装置„„„„„„„„„„„ „„„„„„„„„„13
2.7.1分度装置的基本形式及定义„„„„„„„„„„„„13
2.7.2分度装置组成部分„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14
2.8 对定机构„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14
2.8.1对定机构的基本结构 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14
2.8.2机构夹具分度装置上通常设置有锁紧机构 „„„„„„14
2.9夹具体的结构形式„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14
2.9.1 夹具体毛坯的类型 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15
2.9.2 夹具体设计的基本要求 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„15
3 M7130B平面磨床夹具的工作原理 „„„„„„„„„„„„16 4设计和分析M7130B平面磨床夹具的加工工艺 „„„„„„17
4.1分析原始资料„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„17
4.2.1 确定定位方案，设计定位元件 „„„„„„„„„„„17
4.2.2 夹紧方式的确定和夹紧机构的设„ „„„„„„„„„17
4.2工件的工艺分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„18
4.3气缸的主要尺寸计算 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„23
4.4 塞尺的选择 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„26
4.5导向键的设计与选择„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„26
4.6 夹具体连接件的设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„26
4.7 T型槽快卸螺栓的选择„„„„„„„„„„„„„„26
4.8 夹具体的设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„26 结论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„28 致谢„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„30 参考文献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„31
1绪论
在机械制造的各个加工工艺过程中，必须使工件在工艺系统中处于正确的位置，以保证加工质量，并提高生产效率。把为了使工件处于正确位置所使用的各种工艺装备，称为夹具。如检验夹具、焊接夹具、装配夹具等。
在机床上对工件进行切削加工时，为了保证加工精度，必须正确地安放工件，使工件相对于刀具和机床占有正确的位置，这一过程称为“定位”。为了保持这个正确位置在加工过程中稳定不变，应对工件施加一定的夹紧力，这一过程称为“夹紧”。这两个过程称为“安装”。在机床上实现安装任务的工艺装备，就是“机床夹具”。
机床夹具的种类很多，其中，使用最广泛的是通用夹具。这类夹具的规格尺寸已标准化，由专业厂进行生产。而用于批量生产，专门为工件某加工工序服务的专用夹具，则必须由各制造厂自行设计制造。
由于专用夹具的设计制造在很大程度上影响加工质量、生产率、劳动条件和生产成本，因此，它是各机械制造厂新产品投资、老产品改进和工艺更新中的一项重要生产技术准备工作，也是每一个从事机械加工工艺的技术人员必须掌握的基础知识，因此本次主要设计专用夹具。
由于本次设计是每个学员进行的最后一次设计，这对每个学员都具有十分重要的作用，不仅考查我们在大学三年所获得专业知识，而且又能开发我们的智力，使我们在今后的产品创新设计方面更进一步。
2夹具的简介
1绪论
在机械制造的各个加工工艺过程中，必须使工件在工艺系统中处于正确的位置，以保证加工质量，并提高生产效率。把为了使工件处于正确位置所使用的各种工艺装备，称为夹具。如检验夹具、焊接夹具、装配夹具等。
在机床上对工件进行切削加工时，为了保证加工精度，必须正确地安放工件，使工件相对于刀具和机床占有正确的位置，这一过程称为“定位”。为了保持这个正确位置在加工过程中稳定不变，应对工件施加一定的夹紧力，这一过程称为“夹紧”。这两个过程称为“安装”。在机床上实现安装任务的工艺装备，就是“机床夹具”。
机床夹具的种类很多，其中，使用最广泛的是通用夹具。这类夹具的规格尺寸已标准化，由专业厂进行生产。而用于批量生产，专门为工件某加工工序服务的专用夹具，则必须由各制造厂自行设计制造。
由于专用夹具的设计制造在很大程度上影响加工质量、生产率、劳动条件和生产成本，因此，它是各机械制造厂新产品投资、老产品改进和工艺更新中的一项重要生产技术准备工作，也是每一个从事机械加工工艺的技术人员必须掌握的基础知识，因此本次主要设计专用夹具。
由于本次设计是每个学员进行的最后一次设计，这对每个学员都具有十分重要的作用，不仅考查我们在大学三年所获得专业知识，而且又能开发我们的智力，使我们在今后的产品创新设计方面更进一步。
2夹具的简介
2.1夹具的功用、组成和分类
归纳起来夹具有下列几个方面的作用：
（1）保证工件的加工精度，稳定产品质量。
（2）提高劳动生产率和降低加工成本。
（3）扩大机床工艺范围和改变机床用途。
（4）改善工人劳动条件。
（5）在流水线生产中，便于平衡生产节拍。
（6）定位元件和定位装置
它用于确定工件在夹具中获得正确位置的元件或装置。如在夹具图中所用的V形块、导向键、定位轴、定位键等。
（7）夹紧元件或夹紧装置
它是用于夹紧工件，使工件在受力后，仍能保持其既定位置的元件或装置。例如夹具图中所示的压板机构、螺钉M6X10、前后顶尖等。对于动力夹紧机构来说，还应包裹动力源装置，如夹紧汽缸等。
（8）对刀元件和引导元件
它是用于确定或引导刀具使其与夹具的定位元件保持某一正确的相互位置关系的元件。例如对刀块、铜套等。
（9）连接元件
它是用于保证夹具与机床间相互安装位置的元件。例如导向键等。
（10）夹具体
用于连接夹具各组成部分，使之成为一个整体的基础件。例如夹具图中所示的夹具体（M7130B平面磨床夹具）
（11）其他元件及装置
根据工件加工要求，有些夹具上除上述组成部分外，还需设置其他元件和装置。例如分度装置等。
按专门化程度分类可分为：
摘要
本次毕业设计主要设计M7130齿条线平面磨床夹具，此夹具的优点是磨削精度高，能够进行不同零件的加工，即能加工各种柱形面有能加工各种平面工件，其应用范围非常广泛。这种夹具主要是利用磨头的上下运动和砂轮的圆周面进行磨削，砂轮的转速较高，圆周离心力也较大，当砂轮与工件的表面接触时，会瞬时磨出火花。本次设计的零件既为圆柱形工件，要求在圆柱面上利用M7130齿条线平面磨床磨出一个扇形面，其加工工序分为：首先在砂轮上先粗铣一个扇形槽，然后使扇形槽砂轮以一定的转速与圆柱形工件的表面接触，最后利用砂轮磨削工件。这样就可以加工出所需要形状的工件。总之通过本次设计，使我了解了M7130齿条线平面磨床夹具的组成部分及各部分所起的作用，从而使我明白了次家具的工作原理。 关键字：夹具、磨削精度、工序
Abstract
This graduation designs a line of the main design M7130 flat surface grinding machine tongs, the advantage of this tongs is to whet to pare the accuracy high, can carry on different spare parts' process, can process various pillar form to face it can process various flat surface work piece, its application is very extensive. This kind of tongs mainly is top and bottom sport and the circumference of the emery wheels that makes use of to whet the head to face to carry on whet to pare, the emery wheel become soon higher, the circumference leaves the mental exertion to also compare greatly, be the surface contact of the emery wheel and the work piece, will whet a spark in a moment. A spare parts for design since is the cylinder form work piece, request to face in the cylinder up make use of a line of the M7130 flat surface grinding machine to whet a fan-shaped side of, it processes the work preface to is divided into: First a fan-shaped slot of first thick on the emery wheel, then make fan-shaped slot emery wheel with certainly turn soon with the surface contact of the cylinder form work piece, make use of the emery wheel to whet to pare the work piece finally. Can process thus the work piece of the demand shape. In fine pass a design, make me understand a line of the M7130 flat surface grinding machine tongs to constitute the part of and each function that part rise, thus make me understand the work principle of a furniture.
Key words: Tongs, whet to pare the accuracy, work preface
目 录
1绪论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 2夹具的简介 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2
2.1夹具的功用、组成和分类 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„2
2.2 夹具设计的特点和基本要求 „„„„„„„„„„„„4
2.2.1 夹具设计的特点„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
2.2.2 夹具设计的基本要求„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
2.3 工件在夹具中的定位 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
2.3.1 工件定位的基本原理„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
2.3.2 夹紧装置的组成„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7
2.3.3 夹紧装置的基本要求„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7
2.3.4夹紧力的确定„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8
2.4 基本夹紧机构选择和应用 „„„„„„„„„„„„„10
2.5 夹紧的动力系统„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11
2.5.1气动夹紧系统的组成和特点 „„„„„„„„„„„„11
2.6夹具的其它装置 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13
2.6.1对刀装置的基本结构 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13
2.6.2对刀装置位置尺寸的确定„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13
2.7分度装置„„„„„„„„„„„ „„„„„„„„„„13
2.7.1分度装置的基本形式及定义„„„„„„„„„„„„13
2.7.2分度装置组成部分„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14
2.8 对定机构„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14
2.8.1对定机构的基本结构 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14
2.8.2机构夹具分度装置上通常设置有锁紧机构 „„„„„„14
2.9夹具体的结构形式„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14
2.9.1 夹具体毛坯的类型 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„15
2.9.2 夹具体设计的基本要求 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„15
3 M7130B平面磨床夹具的工作原理 „„„„„„„„„„„„16 4设计和分析M7130B平面磨床夹具的加工工艺 „„„„„„17
4.1分析原始资料„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„17
4.2.1 确定定位方案，设计定位元件 „„„„„„„„„„„17
4.2.2 夹紧方式的确定和夹紧机构的设„ „„„„„„„„„17
4.2工件的工艺分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„18
4.3气缸的主要尺寸计算 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„23
4.4 塞尺的选择 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„26
4.5导向键的设计与选择„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„26
4.6 夹具体连接件的设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„26
4.7 T型槽快卸螺栓的选择„„„„„„„„„„„„„„26
4.8 夹具体的设计 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„26 结论„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„28 致谢„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„30 参考文献„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„31
1绪论
在机械制造的各个加工工艺过程中，必须使工件在工艺系统中处于正确的位置，以保证加工质量，并提高生产效率。把为了使工件处于正确位置所使用的各种工艺装备，称为夹具。如检验夹具、焊接夹具、装配夹具等。
在机床上对工件进行切削加工时，为了保证加工精度，必须正确地安放工件，使工件相对于刀具和机床占有正确的位置，这一过程称为“定位”。为了保持这个正确位置在加工过程中稳定不变，应对工件施加一定的夹紧力，这一过程称为“夹紧”。这两个过程称为“安装”。在机床上实现安装任务的工艺装备，就是“机床夹具”。
机床夹具的种类很多，其中，使用最广泛的是通用夹具。这类夹具的规格尺寸已标准化，由专业厂进行生产。而用于批量生产，专门为工件某加工工序服务的专用夹具，则必须由各制造厂自行设计制造。
由于专用夹具的设计制造在很大程度上影响加工质量、生产率、劳动条件和生产成本，因此，它是各机械制造厂新产品投资、老产品改进和工艺更新中的一项重要生产技术准备工作，也是每一个从事机械加工工艺的技术人员必须掌握的基础知识，因此本次主要设计专用夹具。
由于本次设计是每个学员进行的最后一次设计，这对每个学员都具有十分重要的作用，不仅考查我们在大学三年所获得专业知识，而且又能开发我们的智力，使我们在今后的产品创新设计方面更进一步。
2夹具的简介
1绪论
在机械制造的各个加工工艺过程中，必须使工件在工艺系统中处于正确的位置，以保证加工质量，并提高生产效率。把为了使工件处于正确位置所使用的各种工艺装备，称为夹具。如检验夹具、焊接夹具、装配夹具等。
在机床上对工件进行切削加工时，为了保证加工精度，必须正确地安放工件，使工件相对于刀具和机床占有正确的位置，这一过程称为“定位”。为了保持这个正确位置在加工过程中稳定不变，应对工件施加一定的夹紧力，这一过程称为“夹紧”。这两个过程称为“安装”。在机床上实现安装任务的工艺装备，就是“机床夹具”。
机床夹具的种类很多，其中，使用最广泛的是通用夹具。这类夹具的规格尺寸已标准化，由专业厂进行生产。而用于批量生产，专门为工件某加工工序服务的专用夹具，则必须由各制造厂自行设计制造。
由于专用夹具的设计制造在很大程度上影响加工质量、生产率、劳动条件和生产成本，因此，它是各机械制造厂新产品投资、老产品改进和工艺更新中的一项重要生产技术准备工作，也是每一个从事机械加工工艺的技术人员必须掌握的基础知识，因此本次主要设计专用夹具。
由于本次设计是每个学员进行的最后一次设计，这对每个学员都具有十分重要的作用，不仅考查我们在大学三年所获得专业知识，而且又能开发我们的智力，使我们在今后的产品创新设计方面更进一步。
2夹具的简介
2.1夹具的功用、组成和分类
归纳起来夹具有下列几个方面的作用：
（1）保证工件的加工精度，稳定产品质量。
（2）提高劳动生产率和降低加工成本。
（3）扩大机床工艺范围和改变机床用途。
（4）改善工人劳动条件。
（5）在流水线生产中，便于平衡生产节拍。
（6）定位元件和定位装置
它用于确定工件在夹具中获得正确位置的元件或装置。如在夹具图中所用的V形块、导向键、定位轴、定位键等。
（7）夹紧元件或夹紧装置
它是用于夹紧工件，使工件在受力后，仍能保持其既定位置的元件或装置。例如夹具图中所示的压板机构、螺钉M6X10、前后顶尖等。对于动力夹紧机构来说，还应包裹动力源装置，如夹紧汽缸等。
（8）对刀元件和引导元件
它是用于确定或引导刀具使其与夹具的定位元件保持某一正确的相互位置关系的元件。例如对刀块、铜套等。
（9）连接元件
它是用于保证夹具与机床间相互安装位置的元件。例如导向键等。
（10）夹具体
用于连接夹具各组成部分，使之成为一个整体的基础件。例如夹具图中所示的夹具体（M7130B平面磨床夹具）
（11）其他元件及装置
根据工件加工要求，有些夹具上除上述组成部分外，还需设置其他元件和装置。例如分度装置等。
按专门化程度分类可分为：