初中英语时态考点:
【考点1】一般现在时的用法考查
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为
第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用
does,同时,还原行为动词。
一般现在时主要有如下几点用法:
1、经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:It seldom snows in Suqian now.
2、现在的特征或状态。例如:He loves sports.
3、普遍真理,一般规律。例如:Light travels faster than sound./ Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.
4、可以用来表示一个按规定,计划,安排或时刻表要发生的情况,一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。通常用来表示学期什么时候要开学、结束;飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要到达,什么时候要离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动。动词一般限于少数几个,如:begin, start, stop, arrive, come, go, leave, return, open, close, be等。例如:My plane leaves at 11 a.m. tomorrow./ School begins the day after tomorrow.
5、在if, when, as soon as, until, after, before等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句中,从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时,主句要用将来时。例如:Turn off the light before you leave./ We will start as soon as you are ready.
关于一般现在时应注意以下几点:
a. 在间接引语中,如果转述的是客观真理,一般规律,谚语俗语,一般现在时时态保持不变。例如:He said the earth is round.
b. if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的情况;但if作为
如:When he comes, I will let you know;如果引导的是宾语从句,表示
c. 一些时间副词如seldom, usually, sometimes, often, never, every day等既可以用于过去时,也可以用于一般现在时。要注意区分。例如:He often goes swimming. / He often went swimming in 1999.
【中考链接】
1. --Mum, _______ shall we have lunch?
--We will have it when your dad_________.(2007年连云港)
A. when; returns B. where; returns C. where; will return D. when; will return
简析:A。when在后半句中表示
2. --Tomorrow will be Father's Day. What will you do for your father?
-- I will say
A. will wake B. is waking C. wakes D. woke
简析:C。as soon as
3. Our teacher said light________ faster than sound. (2007年宿迁)
A. travelled B. has travelled C. is travelling D. travels
简析:D。
4. --Let's go fishing if it _______ this weekend.
--But nobody knows if it_______.(2006年扬州)
A. is fine, will rain B. will be fine, rains C. is fine, rains D. will be fine, will rain
简析:A。前半句中if引导的是条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时表示将来;后半句if的意思是
5. --Is your father a doctor?
--Yes, he is. He________ in Town Hospital. (2006年武汉)
A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked
简析:C。一般现在时在此句中表示现在的一种状态。即
【考点2】现在进行时的用法考查
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
现在进行时主要有以下用法:
1、表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。常见的时间状语:right now, at present, at the moment, now.常见的标志性动词如:look, listen等。例如:Someone is asking for you on the phone.
2、表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。多有一个表示未来时间的状语。这种情况仅限于少量动词,如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return等。例如:--Tom, supper is ready. Come quickly. -OK. I'm coming.
注意:表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话,一般不用于进行时,而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有:love, like, hate, want, hope, need, wish, know, understand, remember, belong, hear, see, seem, have(有), sound(听起来), taste(尝起来)等。
【中考链接】
1. --Where's your mother, Helen?
--She________ the flowers in the garden. (2007年镇江)
A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has watered
简析:C。谈话中问妈妈现在在哪儿,可知妈妈正在花园里给花浇水。
2. --Hurry up! It's time to leave. --OK, ________.(2006年孝感)
A. I'm coming B. I'll come C. I've come D. I come
简析:A。
3. --Shall we invite Tom to play football now?
--Oh, no. He his clothes.(2006年泸州)
A. is washing B. washes C. has washed D. washed
简析:A。上半句对方表示要现在邀请Tom踢足球,但另外一个人说不行,显然,他正在洗衣服现在脱不开身。
【考点3】一般过去时的用法考查
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
一般过去时主要有以下用法:
1、表示过去某时发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性动作)。常见的时间状语有:yesterday, last night/week, a month ago/ ten years ago和具体的过去时间in 1990, in 2006等。例如:She often came to help me when I was in trouble.
2、发生的时间不是很清楚,但实际上是过去发生的。例如:How nice to see you here! I thought you were out.
要注意区分一般过去时和过去进行时。一般过去时表示过去发生的事情,侧重结果;而过去进行时只表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作,而不涉及结果。
例如:He was writing a letter last night.(不知道是否写完了) / He wrote a letter last night. (结果写完了)
【中考链接】
1. Simon________ his fingers when he was cooking the dinner. (2007年盐城)
A. burnt B. was burning C. has burnt D. had burnt
简析:A。burn此处为瞬间动词,表示
2. -- I'm sorry you have missed the bus. It_________ five minutes ago.
-- What a pity! (2006年徐州)
A. was leaving B. has left C. left D. leaves
简析:C。根据
3. --Mr. Johnson, we have found your watch.
--My watch!Thank you. Where____ it?(2006年绍兴)
A. do you find B. have you found C. did you find D. were you finding
简析:C。
【考点4】过去进行时的用法考查
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
过去进行时主要有以下用法:
1、谈论过去的某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的事。例如:I was reading the newspaper at 6.30 this morning.
2、当过去某一件事情发生时,另外一个动作正在进行。此时,延续性动词用过去进行时,瞬间动词用一般过去时。例如:The earthquake started while I was doing some shopping.
3、可以表示从过去某个时候看来将要发生的事。例如:When his son arrived, the old man was dying.
【中考链接】
1. -- I came to your home yesterday afternoon, but nobody was in.
-- Oh, we_______ some shopping in the supermarket.(2007年南通)
A. have done B. did C. were doing D. are doing
简析:C。根据对话,可知在对方到他们家时,他们当时正在超市购物。
2. --What do you think of the colour of my new dress?
--Sorry, but what did you say? I_________ about something else. (2007年扬州)
A. think B. thought C. am thinking D. was thinking
简析:D。第二个说话者没有听见对方说什么,可知对方说话时,此人正在考虑别的事情。过去进行时表示一个动作发生时,另外一个动作正在进行。
3. I my homework while my parents TV last night.(2006年南京)
A. did; have watched B. was doing; were watching
C. had done; were watching D. would do; were watching
简析:B。做作业和看电视均为延续性动词,而且是在过去同时进行的两个动作,所以都用过去进行时。
【考点5】现在完成时的用法考查
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
一般疑问句:have或has。
现在完成时主要有以下用法:
1、谈论开始于过去某个时候而且持续到现在的一个动作。例如:Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.
2、谈论过去发生的动作,并且和现在存在联系。即过去的某个动作对现在产生影响。Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.) 但是如果单纯谈一个过去的动作,不涉及它对现在的影响时,通常用一般过去时。
现在完成时常见的时间状语有:
for+一段时间;
since+过去的某个时间;
so far, yet, recently, over/in the last/past +一段时间;(once, twice, )three…times, never, ever, up to now, these days例如:I haven't seen him these days./ Have you ever seen each other before?
现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来
表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:
arrive→be here begin(start)→be on
die →be dead come back→be back
leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)
get up→be up go out →be out
finish →be over put on →wear 或be on
open →be open join →be in或 be a member of…
close →be closed go to school→be a student
borrow →keep buy →have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know
begin to study→study come to work→work等
如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
【中考链接】
1.--Hello,this is Lily speaking.Could I speak to Mr. Black?
--Sorry.He______ the Xuanwu Lake Park.(2007年南京)
A. has been to B. went to C. has gone to D. will go to
简析:C。说话者此时不在,说明此时已去了玄武湖公园,用现在完成时表示到目前为止还在持续的动作。has been to表示已去过某个地方,而现在不在那个地方了。
2. --Would you like to see the film with me?
--I'm sorry I __________it twice. (2007年北京)
A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing
简析:C。从twice可知说话者已看过这部电影两次了。表示到目前的结果,用现在完成时。
3. In the past few years there great changes in my hometown.(2007年天津)
A. have been B. were C. had been D. are
简析:A。over/in the last/past +一段时间为现在完成时的时间状语。
4. --Kitty, will you go to see the film -Cold Mountain this evening?
--No, I won't. I it already. (2006年南京)
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see
简析:B。用现在完成时表示过去的行为对现在造成影响。不去看电影的原因是因为已经看过了。
【考点6】过去完成时的用法考查
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即
时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
过去完成时表示过去某个行为或某件事发生之前就已经发生的动作或情况。例如:
Hepburn had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar.
【中考链接】
1. --Did you see Mr. Chen yesterday afternoon?
--No. When I got to school, he_______ already. (2006年扬州)
A. left B. has left C. was leaving D. had left
简析:D。到达学校为过去的动作,在这个行为发生之前陈老师已离开了。过去完成时表示过去的过去。
【考点7】将来时的用法考查
一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。
表示将来时态的结构很多。
主要有以下几类:
1、 be going to do…表示计划, 打算做某事,
例如:I'm going to visit my grandparents next Friday evening.也可以表示根据目前情况很可能要发生的事。
例如:It's cloudy. It's going to rain.
2、一般现在时,可以用来表示一个按规定,计划,安排或时刻表要发生的情况,一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。例如:My cousin finishes school next year.
3、现在进行时可以表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。例如:Are you going to the wetlands photo show next week?
4、一般将来时,will/ shall do..,在第一人称I/ We的句子中,可以用shall引导;各种人称都可以用will表示一般将来时。
注意:
1、时间,条件状语从句中,从句一般用一般现在时表示将来,而主句要用一般将来时。例如:I will go shopping when I am free.
2、临时决定要做某事通常用一般将来时。例如:--Tom is ill in hospital. -Oh, I'm sorry to hear that. I will go and see him.
3、将来时态常见的时间状语有:常见的时间状语:next Tuesday, next week, the coming Sunday, this afternoon, tomorrow, tonight等。
几种常见时态的相互转换 :
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. 【中考链接】 1. --
划和打算。be going to do表示计划打算做某事。
2. Mr. Smith__________ a talk on country music next Monday. (2007年北京)
A. give B. gave C. has given D. will give
简析:D。next Monday为一般将来时的时间状语。
3. -You've left the light on.
--Oh, sorry._______and turn it off.(2006年泰州)
A. I've gone B. I'11 go C. I went D. I'm going
简析:B。经人提醒才知道,应为临时决定要去做某事,用一般将来时。
4. --Joan, you are late! --Sorry, I ______ next time. (2006年浙江)
A. don't B. won't C. am not D. haven't
简析:B。next time是将来的时间状语。表示以后不会再迟到了,所以应用一般将来时
初中英语时态考点:
【考点1】一般现在时的用法考查
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为
第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用
does,同时,还原行为动词。
一般现在时主要有如下几点用法:
1、经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:It seldom snows in Suqian now.
2、现在的特征或状态。例如:He loves sports.
3、普遍真理,一般规律。例如:Light travels faster than sound./ Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.
4、可以用来表示一个按规定,计划,安排或时刻表要发生的情况,一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。通常用来表示学期什么时候要开学、结束;飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要到达,什么时候要离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动。动词一般限于少数几个,如:begin, start, stop, arrive, come, go, leave, return, open, close, be等。例如:My plane leaves at 11 a.m. tomorrow./ School begins the day after tomorrow.
5、在if, when, as soon as, until, after, before等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句中,从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时,主句要用将来时。例如:Turn off the light before you leave./ We will start as soon as you are ready.
关于一般现在时应注意以下几点:
a. 在间接引语中,如果转述的是客观真理,一般规律,谚语俗语,一般现在时时态保持不变。例如:He said the earth is round.
b. if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的情况;但if作为
如:When he comes, I will let you know;如果引导的是宾语从句,表示
c. 一些时间副词如seldom, usually, sometimes, often, never, every day等既可以用于过去时,也可以用于一般现在时。要注意区分。例如:He often goes swimming. / He often went swimming in 1999.
【中考链接】
1. --Mum, _______ shall we have lunch?
--We will have it when your dad_________.(2007年连云港)
A. when; returns B. where; returns C. where; will return D. when; will return
简析:A。when在后半句中表示
2. --Tomorrow will be Father's Day. What will you do for your father?
-- I will say
A. will wake B. is waking C. wakes D. woke
简析:C。as soon as
3. Our teacher said light________ faster than sound. (2007年宿迁)
A. travelled B. has travelled C. is travelling D. travels
简析:D。
4. --Let's go fishing if it _______ this weekend.
--But nobody knows if it_______.(2006年扬州)
A. is fine, will rain B. will be fine, rains C. is fine, rains D. will be fine, will rain
简析:A。前半句中if引导的是条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时表示将来;后半句if的意思是
5. --Is your father a doctor?
--Yes, he is. He________ in Town Hospital. (2006年武汉)
A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked
简析:C。一般现在时在此句中表示现在的一种状态。即
【考点2】现在进行时的用法考查
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
现在进行时主要有以下用法:
1、表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。常见的时间状语:right now, at present, at the moment, now.常见的标志性动词如:look, listen等。例如:Someone is asking for you on the phone.
2、表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。多有一个表示未来时间的状语。这种情况仅限于少量动词,如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return等。例如:--Tom, supper is ready. Come quickly. -OK. I'm coming.
注意:表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话,一般不用于进行时,而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有:love, like, hate, want, hope, need, wish, know, understand, remember, belong, hear, see, seem, have(有), sound(听起来), taste(尝起来)等。
【中考链接】
1. --Where's your mother, Helen?
--She________ the flowers in the garden. (2007年镇江)
A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has watered
简析:C。谈话中问妈妈现在在哪儿,可知妈妈正在花园里给花浇水。
2. --Hurry up! It's time to leave. --OK, ________.(2006年孝感)
A. I'm coming B. I'll come C. I've come D. I come
简析:A。
3. --Shall we invite Tom to play football now?
--Oh, no. He his clothes.(2006年泸州)
A. is washing B. washes C. has washed D. washed
简析:A。上半句对方表示要现在邀请Tom踢足球,但另外一个人说不行,显然,他正在洗衣服现在脱不开身。
【考点3】一般过去时的用法考查
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
一般过去时主要有以下用法:
1、表示过去某时发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性动作)。常见的时间状语有:yesterday, last night/week, a month ago/ ten years ago和具体的过去时间in 1990, in 2006等。例如:She often came to help me when I was in trouble.
2、发生的时间不是很清楚,但实际上是过去发生的。例如:How nice to see you here! I thought you were out.
要注意区分一般过去时和过去进行时。一般过去时表示过去发生的事情,侧重结果;而过去进行时只表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作,而不涉及结果。
例如:He was writing a letter last night.(不知道是否写完了) / He wrote a letter last night. (结果写完了)
【中考链接】
1. Simon________ his fingers when he was cooking the dinner. (2007年盐城)
A. burnt B. was burning C. has burnt D. had burnt
简析:A。burn此处为瞬间动词,表示
2. -- I'm sorry you have missed the bus. It_________ five minutes ago.
-- What a pity! (2006年徐州)
A. was leaving B. has left C. left D. leaves
简析:C。根据
3. --Mr. Johnson, we have found your watch.
--My watch!Thank you. Where____ it?(2006年绍兴)
A. do you find B. have you found C. did you find D. were you finding
简析:C。
【考点4】过去进行时的用法考查
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
过去进行时主要有以下用法:
1、谈论过去的某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的事。例如:I was reading the newspaper at 6.30 this morning.
2、当过去某一件事情发生时,另外一个动作正在进行。此时,延续性动词用过去进行时,瞬间动词用一般过去时。例如:The earthquake started while I was doing some shopping.
3、可以表示从过去某个时候看来将要发生的事。例如:When his son arrived, the old man was dying.
【中考链接】
1. -- I came to your home yesterday afternoon, but nobody was in.
-- Oh, we_______ some shopping in the supermarket.(2007年南通)
A. have done B. did C. were doing D. are doing
简析:C。根据对话,可知在对方到他们家时,他们当时正在超市购物。
2. --What do you think of the colour of my new dress?
--Sorry, but what did you say? I_________ about something else. (2007年扬州)
A. think B. thought C. am thinking D. was thinking
简析:D。第二个说话者没有听见对方说什么,可知对方说话时,此人正在考虑别的事情。过去进行时表示一个动作发生时,另外一个动作正在进行。
3. I my homework while my parents TV last night.(2006年南京)
A. did; have watched B. was doing; were watching
C. had done; were watching D. would do; were watching
简析:B。做作业和看电视均为延续性动词,而且是在过去同时进行的两个动作,所以都用过去进行时。
【考点5】现在完成时的用法考查
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
一般疑问句:have或has。
现在完成时主要有以下用法:
1、谈论开始于过去某个时候而且持续到现在的一个动作。例如:Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.
2、谈论过去发生的动作,并且和现在存在联系。即过去的某个动作对现在产生影响。Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.) 但是如果单纯谈一个过去的动作,不涉及它对现在的影响时,通常用一般过去时。
现在完成时常见的时间状语有:
for+一段时间;
since+过去的某个时间;
so far, yet, recently, over/in the last/past +一段时间;(once, twice, )three…times, never, ever, up to now, these days例如:I haven't seen him these days./ Have you ever seen each other before?
现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来
表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:
arrive→be here begin(start)→be on
die →be dead come back→be back
leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)
get up→be up go out →be out
finish →be over put on →wear 或be on
open →be open join →be in或 be a member of…
close →be closed go to school→be a student
borrow →keep buy →have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know
begin to study→study come to work→work等
如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
【中考链接】
1.--Hello,this is Lily speaking.Could I speak to Mr. Black?
--Sorry.He______ the Xuanwu Lake Park.(2007年南京)
A. has been to B. went to C. has gone to D. will go to
简析:C。说话者此时不在,说明此时已去了玄武湖公园,用现在完成时表示到目前为止还在持续的动作。has been to表示已去过某个地方,而现在不在那个地方了。
2. --Would you like to see the film with me?
--I'm sorry I __________it twice. (2007年北京)
A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing
简析:C。从twice可知说话者已看过这部电影两次了。表示到目前的结果,用现在完成时。
3. In the past few years there great changes in my hometown.(2007年天津)
A. have been B. were C. had been D. are
简析:A。over/in the last/past +一段时间为现在完成时的时间状语。
4. --Kitty, will you go to see the film -Cold Mountain this evening?
--No, I won't. I it already. (2006年南京)
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see
简析:B。用现在完成时表示过去的行为对现在造成影响。不去看电影的原因是因为已经看过了。
【考点6】过去完成时的用法考查
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即
时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
过去完成时表示过去某个行为或某件事发生之前就已经发生的动作或情况。例如:
Hepburn had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar.
【中考链接】
1. --Did you see Mr. Chen yesterday afternoon?
--No. When I got to school, he_______ already. (2006年扬州)
A. left B. has left C. was leaving D. had left
简析:D。到达学校为过去的动作,在这个行为发生之前陈老师已离开了。过去完成时表示过去的过去。
【考点7】将来时的用法考查
一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。
表示将来时态的结构很多。
主要有以下几类:
1、 be going to do…表示计划, 打算做某事,
例如:I'm going to visit my grandparents next Friday evening.也可以表示根据目前情况很可能要发生的事。
例如:It's cloudy. It's going to rain.
2、一般现在时,可以用来表示一个按规定,计划,安排或时刻表要发生的情况,一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。例如:My cousin finishes school next year.
3、现在进行时可以表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。例如:Are you going to the wetlands photo show next week?
4、一般将来时,will/ shall do..,在第一人称I/ We的句子中,可以用shall引导;各种人称都可以用will表示一般将来时。
注意:
1、时间,条件状语从句中,从句一般用一般现在时表示将来,而主句要用一般将来时。例如:I will go shopping when I am free.
2、临时决定要做某事通常用一般将来时。例如:--Tom is ill in hospital. -Oh, I'm sorry to hear that. I will go and see him.
3、将来时态常见的时间状语有:常见的时间状语:next Tuesday, next week, the coming Sunday, this afternoon, tomorrow, tonight等。
几种常见时态的相互转换 :
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. 【中考链接】 1. --
划和打算。be going to do表示计划打算做某事。
2. Mr. Smith__________ a talk on country music next Monday. (2007年北京)
A. give B. gave C. has given D. will give
简析:D。next Monday为一般将来时的时间状语。
3. -You've left the light on.
--Oh, sorry._______and turn it off.(2006年泰州)
A. I've gone B. I'11 go C. I went D. I'm going
简析:B。经人提醒才知道,应为临时决定要去做某事,用一般将来时。
4. --Joan, you are late! --Sorry, I ______ next time. (2006年浙江)
A. don't B. won't C. am not D. haven't
简析:B。next time是将来的时间状语。表示以后不会再迟到了,所以应用一般将来时