倒装句
各位同学们好，今天我要将的语法是倒装。在近五年来这考查这一语法的试题总共有38个，在江西高考中， 2010年的33题，2008年的31题，2006年的31题都考的是倒装，虽然它在高考题中出现的并不是很频繁，但是仍然是一个必考点，所以我们还是要对它足够重视。
一．定义
首先我们来看看倒装的定义——倒装就是颠倒句子的语序，目的是为了强调突出句子的某个部分。举个例子来说，我们和他人打招呼时，经常会这么说：你吃了吗？但如果倒过来这么说：吃了吗，你？
在英语中句子的语序一般有两种排列方式。一是主语在谓语之前，句子的其他成分置之其后。举例An old man sat ahead.
二是倒装语序，原因是为了达到某些语法或强调的效果，改变句子的自然语序，将主语置于句子的谓语或其他成分之后。举例Ahead sat an old man.
倒装句又可以分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
二．类型
1. 完全倒装：谓语动词全部放到主语之前，结构为V+S。我把遇到的情况编成了一个口诀：这里那里最常见；现在那时有时用；上下里外方向多；碰到代词不倒装，be 动词要就近。
1）在以here, there, now, then, such等副词放在句首，谓语动词是be, go, come，lie ,run ,follow
举例：There goes the bell. Now comes my turn.
Here is your letter. Then came the chairman.
Then followed three days of rain.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语，如 out, in, up ,down ,away ,over, off等位于句首，使描述情景更加生动。谓语通常用表示运动的动词（go,come,rush ,fly,fall等）。
举例Away hurried the boy. Out rushed the girl.
In came the teacher and the lesson began.
Down the river flowed a small boat.
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
注意：上面的倒装句型结构的主语必须是名词，若主语为人称代词，则不能完全倒装。 举例：Here you are. Here it comes！ Up it went．Out you go.
3）There be 句型表示“存在”时，there 是引导词，主语在be 后，此时为全部倒装。
注意： be 与其后的主语保持数的一致。
举例There is a table and two desks.
其中be 有时可用live, stand, lie, seem, happen , appear, come, remain代替。
There stands a flag pole in front of the building.
4）表语或状语位于句首表示强调意义时和避免头重脚轻，全部倒装。
In the distance was a small boat.
Such were his last words.
They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. Among them was a soldier who was wounded in the stomach.
2. 部分倒装：是指将谓语的一部分如助动词系动词或情态动词放到主语前，结构为V1+S+V2。和一般疑问句一样，举例Do you like football? Can you speak English?此时我们要注意添加的助动词必须要和句子主语的人称，时态，语态保持一致。
举例
我把经常碰到的情况编成了一首打油诗：不能否认（含no ）只有（Only ）我才在乎你,
你一瘦我就伤心（no sooner···than, hardly···when ）。我不仅（not only）操心你的现在，而且(but also) 担忧你的未来。直到(not until) 你长大，我才放心。如果(if)全世界可以忘记，我也还是同样爱你（so ）。像（as ）我这样爱猪的人哪找去。
（一） 句首为否定或半否定的词语
如no, not, never, seldom , few, little, hardly, rarely, at no time, in no way, not until…,by no means, in no time, in no case, on no account, under no circumstance等。
举例Little did he say at the meeting.
Never have I seen such a performance.
By no means shall we save him.
注意当not until 引出主从复合句时，not until 引导的从句不倒装。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
（二）含否定意义的连词置于句首诗，要部分倒装。
如not only …but also, neither …nor …, no sooner …than …, scarcely …when …, hardly …when …等。
注意：Not only… but also…连接两个分句时，前倒后不倒，
举例：Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Not only is he good at English but also he is good at maths.
另外No sooner…than.，Hardly ／Scarcely…when两个词组的意思都为一···就···，连接两个分时，含有两个谓语，因此如果后面分句用一般过去时，前面的分句要用过去完成时。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
Hardly had I reached the railway station when the train started.(=I had hardly reached the
railway station when the train started.)
No sooner had I got to the cinema than the film began.(=I had no sooner got to the cinema than the film began.)
（二） s o, nor, neither
表示“也”，“也不”的句子要部分倒装。表示后面所说的情况与前面的情况相同。也就是我们常说的“两人一事 ”。
举例Tom can speak French. So can jack .
If you won’t go, neither will I .
注意：so 表示“是的，确实”时，不倒装。
举例He is a good boy. SO he is.
（四）only +状语，在句首要倒装的情况。
Only in this way can we learn English well.
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
如果Only 引导一个句子则此句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
(五) 在so...that, such...that句型位于句首时， so 和such 部分要倒装，that 从句不倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
So excited was he that he couldn’t say a word.
(六) 在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should 这三个词是，可省去if ，将这些词移至主语之前。
举例Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.
Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.
Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
二、主谓不倒装的倒装句
1. as / though 引起让步状语从句，可将表语或状语置于句首，但主谓不颠倒顺序。如： Tired as / though he is, he is still working. 尽管他很累，他还是在工作。
Carefully as / though she listened, she didn't catch a word. 尽管她听得很仔细，她还是什么也没听到。
若将含有不定冠词修饰的表语提前，则应省去不定冠词 a / an 。如：
Child as / though he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他还是个孩子，却已经懂得很多。
三、方法技巧点拨
解题原则为：W+C.
1. W 指的是谓语，我们在解题时要注意谓语的时态一致和主谓一致及人称一致等问
题。特别是要注意助动词的提取
2. C 指的是词序，倒装句在句式上考生不是很习惯，全部倒装大家很容易理解，部分
倒装就是和一般疑问句的词序是一样的。
（时态一致）2010年江西 Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.
A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun
答案：A
考点：考察倒装。
解析：not until放在句首要用部分倒装, 翻译为直到, 所以begin 发生在left 之后或同时发生
主谓一致39. In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns. 05辽宁
A ．stand many lakes B ．lie many lakes C ．many lakes lie D ．many lakes stand
词序2009英语(琼宁卷) 】New technology was used in teaching. As a result，not only______，but students became more interested in the lessons.
A ．saved was teachers' energy
B ．was teachers' energy saved
C ．teachers' energy was saved
D ．was saved teachers' energy
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装语序。not only...but(also)是并列连接词，not only位于第一分句句首时，第一分句用部分倒装语序。故应选B 项。
【2009英语(江苏卷) 】Distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school.______the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.
A ．Attend B ．To attend
C ．Attending D ．Having attended
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒装。本句正常语序为：Our alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.
. 词序： I ’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____with my progress. 06重庆
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
因此只要同学们熟练掌握这几种类型就能解决大部分的考题，下面我们来实践一下。
五、高考试题分析（10年各地高考试题）
（10四川）
9．We laugh at jokes，．
A ．we think B ．think we
C ．we do think D ．do we think
答案：D 考点：考查倒装。
解析： seldom 为否定副词放句首，用部分倒装，故选D 。句意为“我们因笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话怎样让我
们笑。”
（10江苏）
33. —Is everyone here? —Not yet……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
答案：A
考点：倒装句
解析：谓语动词根据后面的主语
（重庆）
33. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
33. 答案A
考点：考查倒装。
解析：表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A 项。
（10湖北）
71. Only if people of all the countries are united ________（我们才能解决）the existing problems in the world. (solve)
71．答案：will we be able to solve/can we solve.
考点：倒装句
解析：only 位于句首修饰状语从句要倒装。根据“主将从现”的原则可以确认主句的助动词是 “will”，或者使用情
态动词 “can” C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
倒装句
各位同学们好，今天我要将的语法是倒装。在近五年来这考查这一语法的试题总共有38个，在江西高考中， 2010年的33题，2008年的31题，2006年的31题都考的是倒装，虽然它在高考题中出现的并不是很频繁，但是仍然是一个必考点，所以我们还是要对它足够重视。
一．定义
首先我们来看看倒装的定义——倒装就是颠倒句子的语序，目的是为了强调突出句子的某个部分。举个例子来说，我们和他人打招呼时，经常会这么说：你吃了吗？但如果倒过来这么说：吃了吗，你？
在英语中句子的语序一般有两种排列方式。一是主语在谓语之前，句子的其他成分置之其后。举例An old man sat ahead.
二是倒装语序，原因是为了达到某些语法或强调的效果，改变句子的自然语序，将主语置于句子的谓语或其他成分之后。举例Ahead sat an old man.
倒装句又可以分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
二．类型
1. 完全倒装：谓语动词全部放到主语之前，结构为V+S。我把遇到的情况编成了一个口诀：这里那里最常见；现在那时有时用；上下里外方向多；碰到代词不倒装，be 动词要就近。
1）在以here, there, now, then, such等副词放在句首，谓语动词是be, go, come，lie ,run ,follow
举例：There goes the bell. Now comes my turn.
Here is your letter. Then came the chairman.
Then followed three days of rain.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语，如 out, in, up ,down ,away ,over, off等位于句首，使描述情景更加生动。谓语通常用表示运动的动词（go,come,rush ,fly,fall等）。
举例Away hurried the boy. Out rushed the girl.
In came the teacher and the lesson began.
Down the river flowed a small boat.
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
注意：上面的倒装句型结构的主语必须是名词，若主语为人称代词，则不能完全倒装。 举例：Here you are. Here it comes！ Up it went．Out you go.
3）There be 句型表示“存在”时，there 是引导词，主语在be 后，此时为全部倒装。
注意： be 与其后的主语保持数的一致。
举例There is a table and two desks.
其中be 有时可用live, stand, lie, seem, happen , appear, come, remain代替。
There stands a flag pole in front of the building.
4）表语或状语位于句首表示强调意义时和避免头重脚轻，全部倒装。
In the distance was a small boat.
Such were his last words.
They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. Among them was a soldier who was wounded in the stomach.
2. 部分倒装：是指将谓语的一部分如助动词系动词或情态动词放到主语前，结构为V1+S+V2。和一般疑问句一样，举例Do you like football? Can you speak English?此时我们要注意添加的助动词必须要和句子主语的人称，时态，语态保持一致。
举例
我把经常碰到的情况编成了一首打油诗：不能否认（含no ）只有（Only ）我才在乎你,
你一瘦我就伤心（no sooner···than, hardly···when ）。我不仅（not only）操心你的现在，而且(but also) 担忧你的未来。直到(not until) 你长大，我才放心。如果(if)全世界可以忘记，我也还是同样爱你（so ）。像（as ）我这样爱猪的人哪找去。
（一） 句首为否定或半否定的词语
如no, not, never, seldom , few, little, hardly, rarely, at no time, in no way, not until…,by no means, in no time, in no case, on no account, under no circumstance等。
举例Little did he say at the meeting.
Never have I seen such a performance.
By no means shall we save him.
注意当not until 引出主从复合句时，not until 引导的从句不倒装。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
（二）含否定意义的连词置于句首诗，要部分倒装。
如not only …but also, neither …nor …, no sooner …than …, scarcely …when …, hardly …when …等。
注意：Not only… but also…连接两个分句时，前倒后不倒，
举例：Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Not only is he good at English but also he is good at maths.
另外No sooner…than.，Hardly ／Scarcely…when两个词组的意思都为一···就···，连接两个分时，含有两个谓语，因此如果后面分句用一般过去时，前面的分句要用过去完成时。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
Hardly had I reached the railway station when the train started.(=I had hardly reached the
railway station when the train started.)
No sooner had I got to the cinema than the film began.(=I had no sooner got to the cinema than the film began.)
（二） s o, nor, neither
表示“也”，“也不”的句子要部分倒装。表示后面所说的情况与前面的情况相同。也就是我们常说的“两人一事 ”。
举例Tom can speak French. So can jack .
If you won’t go, neither will I .
注意：so 表示“是的，确实”时，不倒装。
举例He is a good boy. SO he is.
（四）only +状语，在句首要倒装的情况。
Only in this way can we learn English well.
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
如果Only 引导一个句子则此句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
(五) 在so...that, such...that句型位于句首时， so 和such 部分要倒装，that 从句不倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
So excited was he that he couldn’t say a word.
(六) 在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should 这三个词是，可省去if ，将这些词移至主语之前。
举例Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.
Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.
Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
二、主谓不倒装的倒装句
1. as / though 引起让步状语从句，可将表语或状语置于句首，但主谓不颠倒顺序。如： Tired as / though he is, he is still working. 尽管他很累，他还是在工作。
Carefully as / though she listened, she didn't catch a word. 尽管她听得很仔细，她还是什么也没听到。
若将含有不定冠词修饰的表语提前，则应省去不定冠词 a / an 。如：
Child as / though he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他还是个孩子，却已经懂得很多。
三、方法技巧点拨
解题原则为：W+C.
1. W 指的是谓语，我们在解题时要注意谓语的时态一致和主谓一致及人称一致等问
题。特别是要注意助动词的提取
2. C 指的是词序，倒装句在句式上考生不是很习惯，全部倒装大家很容易理解，部分
倒装就是和一般疑问句的词序是一样的。
（时态一致）2010年江西 Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.
A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun
答案：A
考点：考察倒装。
解析：not until放在句首要用部分倒装, 翻译为直到, 所以begin 发生在left 之后或同时发生
主谓一致39. In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns. 05辽宁
A ．stand many lakes B ．lie many lakes C ．many lakes lie D ．many lakes stand
词序2009英语(琼宁卷) 】New technology was used in teaching. As a result，not only______，but students became more interested in the lessons.
A ．saved was teachers' energy
B ．was teachers' energy saved
C ．teachers' energy was saved
D ．was saved teachers' energy
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装语序。not only...but(also)是并列连接词，not only位于第一分句句首时，第一分句用部分倒装语序。故应选B 项。
【2009英语(江苏卷) 】Distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school.______the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.
A ．Attend B ．To attend
C ．Attending D ．Having attended
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒装。本句正常语序为：Our alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.
. 词序： I ’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____with my progress. 06重庆
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
因此只要同学们熟练掌握这几种类型就能解决大部分的考题，下面我们来实践一下。
五、高考试题分析（10年各地高考试题）
（10四川）
9．We laugh at jokes，．
A ．we think B ．think we
C ．we do think D ．do we think
答案：D 考点：考查倒装。
解析： seldom 为否定副词放句首，用部分倒装，故选D 。句意为“我们因笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话怎样让我
们笑。”
（10江苏）
33. —Is everyone here? —Not yet……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
答案：A
考点：倒装句
解析：谓语动词根据后面的主语
（重庆）
33. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
33. 答案A
考点：考查倒装。
解析：表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A 项。
（10湖北）
71. Only if people of all the countries are united ________（我们才能解决）the existing problems in the world. (solve)
71．答案：will we be able to solve/can we solve.
考点：倒装句
解析：only 位于句首修饰状语从句要倒装。根据“主将从现”的原则可以确认主句的助动词是 “will”，或者使用情
态动词 “can” C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie