如何做好高中英语语法填空
一、已给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。
技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例1：There are many students living at school, the＿＿(child)houses are all far from school.
由students 一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses 的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child 的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children's 。
技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。
例2：Atalk ＿＿(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is 是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow 可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give 动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give 的不定式被动式——to be given。 例3：The king decided to see the painter by＿＿(he).
由介词by 可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself 。
技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er 和-est ，或在词前加more/less和most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the 。
例4：I am＿＿(tall)than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class.
此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller ，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen 、-ty 的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。 例5：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall take a＿＿(three)...
从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填人作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。 技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。 例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday, so he was very＿＿(happiness).
在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness 还原成词根happy ；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un-，就成了unhappy 。 二、未给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。
技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例7：The children were playing on the ground, enjoying＿＿,dirty but happy.
从句中的happy 可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves 。
例8：His boss was＿＿angry as to fire him.
如果“跳过”横线后面的angry ，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to，所以，so 是正解。 例9：He did not do＿＿his father had asked him to do.
审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what 。
例10: Those＿＿want to go to the village must sign here.
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those ，且指人，所以只能填入who 。
技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例11：The US consists＿＿fifty states.
根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由……组成”，所以答案是of 。
例12：Mrs Baker was ill, so her daughter had to ask for leave to take＿＿of her. 生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care ，与前后词构成take care of。
技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for, due to 等。
例13：Mr Smith took a plane to London＿＿of taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead ，以构成介词短语instead of。
例14：Just then, he saw a blackboard in＿＿of him.
细心观察，可以看出填入front 即可构成in front of，此题得解。
技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and, or, but, so, for, while等，常用的关联短语有both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等。
例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school, ＿＿his family was too poor.
此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for 。
例16：＿＿Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.
横线处的词与后面可以构成both...and ，故答案为Both 。
技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a ，an ，the 之间判断；常用的介词有never ，yet ，much 等，但一般不会考查-ly 形式的方式副词（见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况）。
例17：Jackie likes to drive at＿＿high speed.
这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a ，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。 例18：Old Tom's grand-danghter used to visit him＿＿Saturday afternoon.
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in ，而用on 才是正解。
例19：Though Liu Qiang did the same work＿＿Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay＿＿Zhang
第一条横线可由前面的the same判断出用as ，第二条横线则可由lower 判断出比较意义，故答案为than 。
例20：It was only one day left,＿＿,his father had no idea to answer him.
观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but ，所以答案是however 。 技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文；关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。 答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的，地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。
例21：Tony ＿＿travelling abroad, but dislikes staying home watching TV.
由第二句话中的dislikes 可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes 。
语法填空专项训练
阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。
One
In the United States, there were 222 people ____1____ (report) to be billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003. The ____2_____ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money ____3____ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _____4____ he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire _____5___ the time he was 31.
____6____, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even ____7____ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. ____8____ of these child actors made over a million dollars ___9____ (act) in movies before they were 14. But ___10___ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18!
Two
Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car ____1_____ (steal) .They filed a report____2____ the police station and a detective drove them ____3____ to the parking lot to look for evidence.
To their ____4____ (amaze), the car had been returned ___5____ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the ____6_____. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets ____7____ tonight's Mania Twain concert.”
Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended ____8____ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found ____9______their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was ____10_____ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?”
Three
People _____1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _____2_____ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ____4____ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5_____ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.
The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ______6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet _____8____ new word, look it ____9_____ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _____10_____ (much) useful book.
Four
When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets ____1_____ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _____2____ then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from ____3____, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most ____4___ (danger) then.
When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, ____5____. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. _____6____ (have) a look first, or you will go ____7____ wrong way.
In many English cities, there are big buses ____8_____ two floors. You can sit on the ______9____ (two) floor. From ____10_____ you can see the city very well. It’s very interesting.
Five
____1____ artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women ___2_____ any clothes on, and he and his ____3____ always tried to keep the small girl out ____4____ he was doing this, “She is ____5_____ young to understand,” they said.
But one day, when the artist _____6____ (paint) a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs ____7____ her, but when she got to the room, the little girl was already in the room and looking at the woman. _____8___ her parents waited for her to speak.
For a few seconds the little girl said ____9_____, but then she ran to her mother and said ____10_____ (angry), “Why do you let her go about without shoes and socks on when you don’t let me?”
如何做好高中英语语法填空
一、已给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。
技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例1：There are many students living at school, the＿＿(child)houses are all far from school.
由students 一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses 的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child 的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children's 。
技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。
例2：Atalk ＿＿(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is 是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow 可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give 动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give 的不定式被动式——to be given。 例3：The king decided to see the painter by＿＿(he).
由介词by 可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself 。
技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er 和-est ，或在词前加more/less和most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the 。
例4：I am＿＿(tall)than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class.
此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller ，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen 、-ty 的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。 例5：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall take a＿＿(three)...
从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填人作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。 技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。 例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday, so he was very＿＿(happiness).
在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness 还原成词根happy ；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un-，就成了unhappy 。 二、未给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。
技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例7：The children were playing on the ground, enjoying＿＿,dirty but happy.
从句中的happy 可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves 。
例8：His boss was＿＿angry as to fire him.
如果“跳过”横线后面的angry ，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to，所以，so 是正解。 例9：He did not do＿＿his father had asked him to do.
审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what 。
例10: Those＿＿want to go to the village must sign here.
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those ，且指人，所以只能填入who 。
技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例11：The US consists＿＿fifty states.
根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由……组成”，所以答案是of 。
例12：Mrs Baker was ill, so her daughter had to ask for leave to take＿＿of her. 生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care ，与前后词构成take care of。
技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for, due to 等。
例13：Mr Smith took a plane to London＿＿of taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead ，以构成介词短语instead of。
例14：Just then, he saw a blackboard in＿＿of him.
细心观察，可以看出填入front 即可构成in front of，此题得解。
技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and, or, but, so, for, while等，常用的关联短语有both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等。
例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school, ＿＿his family was too poor.
此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for 。
例16：＿＿Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.
横线处的词与后面可以构成both...and ，故答案为Both 。
技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a ，an ，the 之间判断；常用的介词有never ，yet ，much 等，但一般不会考查-ly 形式的方式副词（见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况）。
例17：Jackie likes to drive at＿＿high speed.
这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a ，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。 例18：Old Tom's grand-danghter used to visit him＿＿Saturday afternoon.
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in ，而用on 才是正解。
例19：Though Liu Qiang did the same work＿＿Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay＿＿Zhang
第一条横线可由前面的the same判断出用as ，第二条横线则可由lower 判断出比较意义，故答案为than 。
例20：It was only one day left,＿＿,his father had no idea to answer him.
观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but ，所以答案是however 。 技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文；关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。 答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的，地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。
例21：Tony ＿＿travelling abroad, but dislikes staying home watching TV.
由第二句话中的dislikes 可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes 。
语法填空专项训练
阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。
One
In the United States, there were 222 people ____1____ (report) to be billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003. The ____2_____ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money ____3____ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _____4____ he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire _____5___ the time he was 31.
____6____, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even ____7____ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. ____8____ of these child actors made over a million dollars ___9____ (act) in movies before they were 14. But ___10___ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18!
Two
Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car ____1_____ (steal) .They filed a report____2____ the police station and a detective drove them ____3____ to the parking lot to look for evidence.
To their ____4____ (amaze), the car had been returned ___5____ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the ____6_____. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets ____7____ tonight's Mania Twain concert.”
Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended ____8____ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found ____9______their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was ____10_____ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?”
Three
People _____1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _____2_____ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ____4____ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5_____ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.
The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ______6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet _____8____ new word, look it ____9_____ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _____10_____ (much) useful book.
Four
When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets ____1_____ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _____2____ then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from ____3____, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most ____4___ (danger) then.
When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, ____5____. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. _____6____ (have) a look first, or you will go ____7____ wrong way.
In many English cities, there are big buses ____8_____ two floors. You can sit on the ______9____ (two) floor. From ____10_____ you can see the city very well. It’s very interesting.
Five
____1____ artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women ___2_____ any clothes on, and he and his ____3____ always tried to keep the small girl out ____4____ he was doing this, “She is ____5_____ young to understand,” they said.
But one day, when the artist _____6____ (paint) a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs ____7____ her, but when she got to the room, the little girl was already in the room and looking at the woman. _____8___ her parents waited for her to speak.
For a few seconds the little girl said ____9_____, but then she ran to her mother and said ____10_____ (angry), “Why do you let her go about without shoes and socks on when you don’t let me?”