学大教育个性化教案 教学过程
一、复习预习
1、Which、who、whom、whose、that、as等关系代词引导的定语从句；
2、When、where、why等关系副词引导的定语从句
3、如何决定用关系代词还是关系副词
二、知识讲解与例题精析
主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：
一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（Natural Order）；
二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（Inverted Order）。
而倒装语序中又有完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）
完全倒装（Full Inversion）:又称
部分倒装（Partial Inversion）:指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。 前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。
语义解析
一、 表示强调:
倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:
1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例子:
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
2. hardly, in no way, little, scarcely, seldom, never, no more, no longer, not, not only, no sooner, not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例子:
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就下起了雨。
Seldom do I go to work by bus.
我很少乘公共汽车上班。
Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night .
她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。
3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。
例子:
So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.
他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.
她的彩排进行得那么长, 以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。
二、 承上启下
1.为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复，常用
其中第一个句式表示
A:His brother is（not） a college student; B:so is mine.(nor is mine .)
A:他弟弟（不）是大学生，B:我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是。)
A:He used to have his further study abroad; B:so did I.(neither did I.)
A:他曾去国外深造过。B:我也去过。(我也没有。)
A:One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; B:so can his wife.(neither can his wife .)
A:我的一个朋友会说三门外国语。B:他的妻子也会。(他的妻子也不会。)
2.倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。
例子:
They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake.
他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。
We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.
我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛
在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。
如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在这一节诗里,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。
四、 平衡结构
英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。
例子:
A.To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。
A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。
从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。
2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。
例子:
Such would be our home in the future.
我们将来的家就是这个样子。
3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。
例子:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你盼望已久的信在这儿。
五、 使描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。
例子:
Up went the rocket into the air.
嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.
当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。
Boom went the cannon!
轰隆一声大炮开火了!
Bang came another shot!
砰!又是一声枪响!
以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。
“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。
倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。
结构解析
一、含有否定意义的副词或副词短语引起的倒装
某些表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，表示强调，句子要求用倒装结构。常见的这类副词或副词短语有：never，seldom ， rarely，no sooner．．．than，hardly／scarcely／ barely．．．when，no，little，nowhere，not， hardly，no longer， not until，not only．．．but also等等。
1、never，rarely，seldom位于句首，用于进行
Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own power．
2、no sooner ．．．than，hardly ／scarcely／ barely ．．．when位于句首，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：
Hardly had he opened his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to clean．
Scarcely had it grown dark when she realized it was too late to go home．
3、在由neither，nor开头、引导的表示
The customer complained that the dining table had not been delivered yet，and neither had the chairs．
I could not persuade him to accept it，nor could I make him see the importance of it． 但是，neither用作主语或主语的一部分时，不用倒装结构。例如：
Neither of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing． Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university was accepted．
4、含有not until的强调句，如果not until位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构，如果是主从复合句，倒装
结构出现在主句中。例如：
1）Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground．
2）Not until then did he come to realize the seriousness of the situation．
5、其他表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：
1）Little did we suspect that the district was so rich in mineral resources．
2）Nowhere has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in this country．
6、含有
1）We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs．
2）At no time and in no circumstances should a Communist place his personal interest first．
二、其他副词引起的倒装
在以下列副词及连接词开头的句子中，要求用倒装结构。常见的副词有：only，so， here，there，now，often，then，down，out， in，up，hence，thus，well，off，away，twice， gladly，many a time等等。
1、在由only开头的句子中，only后面紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard．
）Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests．
如果only在句首，但是only后面没有紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句，则不用倒装结构。
2、在由so开头、引导的表示
．
3、由there引起的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）The door opened and there entered a young man in a blue uniform．
4、由there或now引起的句子、谓语为 come（go）的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）There comes the bus．
）Now comes your turn．
5、由here引起的句子、谓语为be的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）Here are some good newly-published novels．
）Here is China's largest tropical forest．
但是，如果主语是人称代词时，由here和 there引出的句子也不用倒装结构。例如：
）Here we are．
）Here you are．
6、由then引起的句子、谓语为come（follow）的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）Then come wind，hail and frost．
）Then came a new difficulty．
7、由often引起的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
．
三、虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装
1、在含有were，had，should的虚拟条件状语中，如果省略了连接词if，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）Were she to leave right now，she would get there on Sunday．
）Were they to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow，we should have a wonderful dinner party．
）Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exams．
2、在表示祝愿的句子中，往往要求用倒装句。常常将助动词提前或直接将谓语动词置于主语前面，表示祝愿。例如：
）May this book in a small way help to improve your English．
）Long live friendship！
四、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句中的倒装
在比较状语从句中，如果主语不是人称代词，常常可以在主语前添加助动词do（be）代替前面出现过的动词。这时，比较对象放在这个do（be）后面，形成一种部分倒装的形式；
）He always spends more time on that useless matter than do the others．
）The living standard of the people is higher than was the case ten years ago．
The more you explain, the more confused I am.
在由no matter how，however和how引导的方式状语从句中，其后的形容词、副词应随其移至主谓语之前，而形成部分倒装。例如：
）However hard he tried，he still failed in the entrance exam．
）No matter how badly they had slept she was always up early．
五、在由
）So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed．
）So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape．
）So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him．
六、为了强调或突出句子的某一部分，往往可以用倒装结构。例如：
）A very capable young man he is．
）Standing beside the table was an interpreter．
七、在感叹的句子中，往往要求用倒装句。
当一个句子包含一个带补语的复合谓语，而补语又被what或how修饰时，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）What a great project it is！
）How beautiful these hills look with the clouds behind them ！
虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：
1. (should)+动词原形的情形(已考)
2. if或but for等引导的条件句(已考)
3. wish, if only, it is time„的用法
(should)+动词原形的情形
1．在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命
令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。
She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。
He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。
注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。
When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.
四、课堂运用
真题重现
【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。
参考答案：we hand in our research report(s)
2．在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中------上面(情形1)动词对应的名词
He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。
3．在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。
It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。
真题重现
【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children ______(被剥夺了受教育的权利). 参考答案：These children (should) be deprived of the right to receive education.
if或but for等引导的条件句★★★
if引导虚拟条件句的用法
学大教育个性化教案
He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。（与现在事实相反） I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you. 我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。
（与现在事实相反）
The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made adequate preparations. 如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。（与过去事实相反）
If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home. 与将来事实相反 but for=if it were not for„/if it had not been for„l
But for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.
真题重现【CET-4:2006.12】The victim _______________________(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time 参考答案：would have survived
【CET-6:2007.12】But for mobile phone, ____________________. 我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便)
参考答案：our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient. 【CET-6:2007.1If you had ___________________(听从了我的忠告， 你就不会陷入麻烦). 参考答案：followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been in trouble. It is (high, about) time „句型要求用虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。
★★It’s time_____________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown. something was done/some measures were taken 动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气
I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。
I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。 I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。 if only后用虚拟语气（要是„就太好了）
If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。 If only I could speak several foreign languages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了！
课程小结
知识要点：
1、倒装句（Inversion）
英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。
一、倒装的类型
二、倒装结构的基本用法
1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装
2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）
课后作业
倒装句练习 (I)
1. Never in my life such a thing. A. I have heard of or seen C. have I heard of or seen
B. I had heard of or seen D. did I hear of or seen
2. Seldom A. they watch B. are they watching C. have they watched
D. do they watch
3.Not until his comrades criticized him to admit his mistake. A. does he begin B. did he begin C. began he D. had he begun 4. Not only a promise, but also he kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. does he make 5. nor read English. A. Can’t he either write
B. He can neither write
D. has he made
C. Can he neither write D. Neither he can write 6. Only when thousands of flowers bloom together . A. spring will be considered here B. could spring be considering here C. can spring be considered here D. spring can be considered here
7. his appearance that no one could recognize him. A. So was strange B. Was so strange C. So strange was
D. Strange so was
8. and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped C. Up jumped the cat
B. The cat up jumped D. Jumped up the cat
9.“It was cold yesterday.”“.”Which of the following is wrong. A. So it was B. So is it today
C. So was it the day before D. So it did 10. and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr. Brown B. Mr. Brown in came C. In came he D. Came in Mr. Brown 11. On the wall two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. are hanging 12. Never such a wonderful place as Hangzhou. A. have I seen B. I have seen C. Had I seen D. I had seen 13. ,she was very brave. A. Girl as she was B. As she was a girl C. A girl as she was D. Girl as was she 14. Little A. Susan knew
B. did Susan know
C. knew Susan D. was Susan known 15. Such the results of the experiments. A. is
B. was
C. are
D. as be
16. I didn’t read the notice. . A. So did he B. Neither didn’t he C. Nor did he D. He didn’t ,too 17. , I would have phoned you. A. If I knew it C. If I know it
B. Had I known it
D. Did I know it
18. “They have done a good job.” “ A. So they have done C. So have they
B. So they have
D. So is it
19. Now A. there is B. has come C. comes D. will come 20. Hardly A. did I reach B. had I reached
C. I reached D. I had reached
21. “I like to watch TV plays, but I don’t watch TV every evening. ” “
D. So it is with me
学大教育个性化教案
A. So do I B. So I do C. I do so 22. Rarely A. have I heard of B. I have heard of C. hear I of
D. was I heard of
23. the rain stop. the crops would be saved. A. Did
B. Should
C. Would D. Will
24. Seldom A. we B. we will
C. do we D. will we
A. was his theory B. his theory was C. did his theory
D. had his theory
26. Albert Einstein cared little for money. A. Either did B. So was C. So did D. Neither did 27. the plane.
A. Flew down B. Down flew C. Down was flying D. Down flying 28. I don’t think Jack will come today, A. or Mary does C. and Mary doesn’t
B. Mary will either D. nor will Mary
29. “Where is your father?” “Oh,.” A. here comes he
B. here does he come
C. he here comes D. here he comes
30. he realized it was too late to return home. A. No sooner it grew dark than
B. Hardly did it grow dark when
C. I t was not until dark that D. I t was until dark that
二.倒装练习(II)
1._______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat 2.______ and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in came C. In came he D. came in Mr Brown 3.Over _______ , dead.
A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goat C. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled 4.—Where is my shirt, mum? —_________.
A. There is it B. There it is C. There is D. Here is it 5. —Where is your father? —Oh, ________. A. here he comes B. he here comes C. here does he come D. here comes he 6.The door opened and there ________ .
A. enters an old man B. entered an old man C. did an old man enter D. an old man entered 7. Now ______ your turn to recite the text.
A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is 8.Often _____ them not to smoke here.
A. we advised B. advised me C. did we advise D. had we advised 9.________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boys C. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was two boys 10. On the wall _______ two large portraits.
A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs 11._______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldier C. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier 12. Next door to ours ________ , who is no less than eighty. A. that lives an old man B. does an old man live C. lives an old man D. where lives an old man
13.She plays the piano very well, ______.
A. so every one of us does B. every one of us does C. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us 14.You say he works hard, ______, and _____.
A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do you C. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do
15. —I thought you women were present at the meeting. —__________. A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. So did we
16.I don’t think Jack will come today, _____. A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesn’t C. Mary will either D. or Mary does 17. She is fond of cooking, _____I .
A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do
18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language . A. So it was with Engles B. So was it with Engles C. So was Engles D. So did Engles
19.A fish needs water and without water it will die._______. A. So does a man B. So will a man C. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man
20. So absorbed ___the work that she often forgot to ___ her meals. A. had she been in; do B. she was in; make C. was she in; take D. she had been in ; have 21.So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hear him. A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke 22. _________ his appearance that no one could recognize him. A. Strange so was B. So strange was C. Was so strange D. So was strange 23.Not once ______ their plan.
A. did they change B. they changed
C. changed they D. they did change
24. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are seeing B. had I seen C. I have seen D. have I seen
25.Seldom ______ TV during the day.
A. they watch B. are they watching
C. have they watched D. do they watch
26.Nowhere ______ as in my garden.
A.the flowers were so beautiful B. were the flowers so beautiful
C. so beautiful were the flowers D. so beautiful the flowers were
27. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.
A. finished he B. he had finished C. did he finishD. had he finished
finished their homework__I came into the classroom.
A. had they; than B. they had; when
C. had they; when D. did they; when
29. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. has he made B. does he make C. he made D. did he make
30. Not until his comrades criticized him _____to admit his mistake.
A. had he begun B. began he C. did he begin D. does he begin
三．倒装练习(III)
1. _____can you expect to get a pay rise.
A.With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
2. ____, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A.However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
3. Not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the pollution was.
A.did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize
4. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.
A.didn’t realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t realize D. I realized
5.—Do you know Jim quarrel with his brother?
—I don’t know, _______.
A.nor don’t I care B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also
6. Only by practicing a few hours every day _____ be able to waste much time.
A.you can B. can you C. you will D. will you
7. Not until the early years of the19th century _____ what heat is.
A.man did know B. man knew
C. didn’t man know D. did man know
8. _____got into the room, _____ the telephone rang.
A.He hardly; then B. Hardly had he; when
C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when
9. ______ snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
10.—I don’t think I can walk any further.
—_____, Let’s stop here for a rest.
A.Neither can I B. Neither do I
C. I didn’t think so D. I think so
11. Only in this way ______ do it well.
A.must we B. we could C. can we D. we can
12. Hardly ____ when it began to rain.
A.had he arrived B. arrived he C. he had arrived D. did he arrive
13. Jack is a student and studies at the No. 2 Middle School. _____.
A. It was the same with Mike B.So it is with Mike
C. So is Mike D. So does Mike
14. ______, I would have given you his address.
A. If you asked me B. You had asked me
C. Should you have asked me D.Had you asked me
15. _____ that they had made an important discovery in science.
A.Little they realized B. They had realized little
C.Little did they realize D. Little had they realized
16. ______ that I couldn’t be absorbed in the work.
A. They made such talked B. So loudly they talked
C. It was noise outside D. Such a loud noise did they make
17. Many a time _____ me good advice.
A. he gave B. does he give C. he has given D. has he given
18. ____ have I seen a better performance.
A. Everywhere B. Nowhere else
C. Everywhere else D. Nowhere
19. Not a single word ____ at the beginning.
A. did he say B. has he said C. he said D. he has said
20. Only in an hour ago ____ out why he was absent.
A. did the teacher found B. the teacher found
C. did the teacher find D. had the teacher found
21. _____the plane.
A. Flew down B. Down flew C. Down was flying D. Down fly
22. Hardly _____ when the bus suddenly pulled away.
A.they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stop
C. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop
23. ______ I had time, I would have run round that lake again.
A. If B. Unless C. Had D. When
24. Not only ______ a promise ,but he also kept it.
A. had he made B. he had made C. did he make D. he makes
25. ______ I would see you here.
A.Little I dreamed B. Little do I dream
C. I dreamed little D. Little did I dream
26. There ____ .
A.come they B. they come C. they are come D. they will come
27. ______ that he could not speak for a long time.
A.So frightened was he B. So frightened he was
C. Was he so frightened D. Frightened was he
28. Only when class began ____that he had left his book at home.
A.will he realize B. he did realize
C. did he realize D. should he realize
29. Only when you have finished your homework _____ go home.
A. can you B. would you C. you will D. you can
30.Seldom___any mistakes during my past few years of working here.
A. would I make B. did I make
C. I did make D. shall I make
答案:倒装练习(I)
1-5 CDBAB 6-10 CCCDA 11-15 BAABC
16-20 CBBCB 21-25 DABCA 26-30 DBDDC
解析：
1．C Never放在句首，句子倒装，把完成时的助动词提前。
2．D seldom放在句首，句子倒装，此句应为一般现在时。
3．B Not until在句首，倒装，时态为过去时。
4．A Not only 在句首，倒装，由后半句知，是过去时。
5．B neither„nor„既不„„也不„„
6．C only修饰时间状语从句，主句倒装。
7．C 表语提前，句子倒装。
8．C up，副词在句首，句子全倒装。
9．D A的结构表示：昨天确实很冷
B后的结构表示：今天也很冷
C的结构表示：前天也很冷。
10．A in作副词在句首，句子全倒装。
11．B 地点状语放在句首，会倒装，主语是portraits，动词用原形。
12．A 道理同第一题
13．A as引导的让步状语从句，表语提前时，名词前无冠词。
14．B 否定词little在句首，句子倒装。
15．C such在句首，句子全倒装，主语是experiments，所以用are
16．C nor这里等于neither，此句表他也没注意到这个通知。 学大教育个性化教案
17．B 此句是虚拟语气，由后半句知，是对过去事实的假设。从句为if I had known it可把if去掉，had提前，变成倒装句。
18．B so+主语+助动词，表„„确实„„。
19．C now放在句首，句子全倒装，用一般现在时。
20．B hardly + had+主语+过去分词+when+句子
21．D 句中既有肯定含义，又有否定含义，此时用so it is with sb.表前面的情况也适用于另一个人。
22．A 否定副词rarely放在句首，句子倒装助动词提前。
23．B 此句虚拟语气，倒装时should提前，去掉if.
24．C 道理同第2题。
学大教育个性化教案
25．A 此句属only放在句首修饰时间状语，主句倒装结构，又因是被动含义，所以选A。
26．D neither+助动词+主语，表“另一人也不„„”，因前句有否定词little，所以用neither。
27．B 副词down在句首，句子会倒装。
28．D 句意为：我认为
29．D here放在句首，倒装。由于主语是代词，只把副词提前，构成部分倒装。
30．C 此句是强调句型，句意为：直到天黑他才意识到天太晚了，不能回家了。
倒装练习 (II) 1-5 CABBA
11-15 BCCBA
21-25 ABADD
倒装练习 (III) 1-5 CDABB
11-15 CABDC
21-25 BDCCD
6-10 BBBDA 16-20 BAACC 26-30 BDCDC 6-10 DDBBB 16-20 DDDAC 26-30 BACAB
学大教育个性化教案 教学过程
一、复习预习
1、Which、who、whom、whose、that、as等关系代词引导的定语从句；
2、When、where、why等关系副词引导的定语从句
3、如何决定用关系代词还是关系副词
二、知识讲解与例题精析
主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：
一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（Natural Order）；
二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（Inverted Order）。
而倒装语序中又有完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）
完全倒装（Full Inversion）:又称
部分倒装（Partial Inversion）:指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。 前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。
语义解析
一、 表示强调:
倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:
1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例子:
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
2. hardly, in no way, little, scarcely, seldom, never, no more, no longer, not, not only, no sooner, not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例子:
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就下起了雨。
Seldom do I go to work by bus.
我很少乘公共汽车上班。
Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night .
她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。
3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。
例子:
So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.
他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.
她的彩排进行得那么长, 以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。
二、 承上启下
1.为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复，常用
其中第一个句式表示
A:His brother is（not） a college student; B:so is mine.(nor is mine .)
A:他弟弟（不）是大学生，B:我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是。)
A:He used to have his further study abroad; B:so did I.(neither did I.)
A:他曾去国外深造过。B:我也去过。(我也没有。)
A:One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; B:so can his wife.(neither can his wife .)
A:我的一个朋友会说三门外国语。B:他的妻子也会。(他的妻子也不会。)
2.倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。
例子:
They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake.
他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。
We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.
我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛
在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。
如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在这一节诗里,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。
四、 平衡结构
英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。
例子:
A.To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。
A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。
从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。
2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。
例子:
Such would be our home in the future.
我们将来的家就是这个样子。
3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。
例子:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你盼望已久的信在这儿。
五、 使描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。
例子:
Up went the rocket into the air.
嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.
当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。
Boom went the cannon!
轰隆一声大炮开火了!
Bang came another shot!
砰!又是一声枪响!
以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。
“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。
倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。
结构解析
一、含有否定意义的副词或副词短语引起的倒装
某些表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，表示强调，句子要求用倒装结构。常见的这类副词或副词短语有：never，seldom ， rarely，no sooner．．．than，hardly／scarcely／ barely．．．when，no，little，nowhere，not， hardly，no longer， not until，not only．．．but also等等。
1、never，rarely，seldom位于句首，用于进行
Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own power．
2、no sooner ．．．than，hardly ／scarcely／ barely ．．．when位于句首，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：
Hardly had he opened his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to clean．
Scarcely had it grown dark when she realized it was too late to go home．
3、在由neither，nor开头、引导的表示
The customer complained that the dining table had not been delivered yet，and neither had the chairs．
I could not persuade him to accept it，nor could I make him see the importance of it． 但是，neither用作主语或主语的一部分时，不用倒装结构。例如：
Neither of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing． Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university was accepted．
4、含有not until的强调句，如果not until位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构，如果是主从复合句，倒装
结构出现在主句中。例如：
1）Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground．
2）Not until then did he come to realize the seriousness of the situation．
5、其他表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：
1）Little did we suspect that the district was so rich in mineral resources．
2）Nowhere has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in this country．
6、含有
1）We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs．
2）At no time and in no circumstances should a Communist place his personal interest first．
二、其他副词引起的倒装
在以下列副词及连接词开头的句子中，要求用倒装结构。常见的副词有：only，so， here，there，now，often，then，down，out， in，up，hence，thus，well，off，away，twice， gladly，many a time等等。
1、在由only开头的句子中，only后面紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard．
）Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests．
如果only在句首，但是only后面没有紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句，则不用倒装结构。
2、在由so开头、引导的表示
．
3、由there引起的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）The door opened and there entered a young man in a blue uniform．
4、由there或now引起的句子、谓语为 come（go）的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）There comes the bus．
）Now comes your turn．
5、由here引起的句子、谓语为be的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）Here are some good newly-published novels．
）Here is China's largest tropical forest．
但是，如果主语是人称代词时，由here和 there引出的句子也不用倒装结构。例如：
）Here we are．
）Here you are．
6、由then引起的句子、谓语为come（follow）的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）Then come wind，hail and frost．
）Then came a new difficulty．
7、由often引起的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
．
三、虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装
1、在含有were，had，should的虚拟条件状语中，如果省略了连接词if，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）Were she to leave right now，she would get there on Sunday．
）Were they to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow，we should have a wonderful dinner party．
）Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exams．
2、在表示祝愿的句子中，往往要求用倒装句。常常将助动词提前或直接将谓语动词置于主语前面，表示祝愿。例如：
）May this book in a small way help to improve your English．
）Long live friendship！
四、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句中的倒装
在比较状语从句中，如果主语不是人称代词，常常可以在主语前添加助动词do（be）代替前面出现过的动词。这时，比较对象放在这个do（be）后面，形成一种部分倒装的形式；
）He always spends more time on that useless matter than do the others．
）The living standard of the people is higher than was the case ten years ago．
The more you explain, the more confused I am.
在由no matter how，however和how引导的方式状语从句中，其后的形容词、副词应随其移至主谓语之前，而形成部分倒装。例如：
）However hard he tried，he still failed in the entrance exam．
）No matter how badly they had slept she was always up early．
五、在由
）So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed．
）So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape．
）So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him．
六、为了强调或突出句子的某一部分，往往可以用倒装结构。例如：
）A very capable young man he is．
）Standing beside the table was an interpreter．
七、在感叹的句子中，往往要求用倒装句。
当一个句子包含一个带补语的复合谓语，而补语又被what或how修饰时，要求用倒装结构。例如：
）What a great project it is！
）How beautiful these hills look with the clouds behind them ！
虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：
1. (should)+动词原形的情形(已考)
2. if或but for等引导的条件句(已考)
3. wish, if only, it is time„的用法
(should)+动词原形的情形
1．在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命
令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。
She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。
He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。
注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。
When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.
四、课堂运用
真题重现
【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。
参考答案：we hand in our research report(s)
2．在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中------上面(情形1)动词对应的名词
He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。
3．在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。
It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。
真题重现
【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children ______(被剥夺了受教育的权利). 参考答案：These children (should) be deprived of the right to receive education.
if或but for等引导的条件句★★★
if引导虚拟条件句的用法
学大教育个性化教案
He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。（与现在事实相反） I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you. 我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。
（与现在事实相反）
The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made adequate preparations. 如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。（与过去事实相反）
If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home. 与将来事实相反 but for=if it were not for„/if it had not been for„l
But for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.
真题重现【CET-4:2006.12】The victim _______________________(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time 参考答案：would have survived
【CET-6:2007.12】But for mobile phone, ____________________. 我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便)
参考答案：our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient. 【CET-6:2007.1If you had ___________________(听从了我的忠告， 你就不会陷入麻烦). 参考答案：followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been in trouble. It is (high, about) time „句型要求用虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。
★★It’s time_____________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown. something was done/some measures were taken 动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气
I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。
I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。 I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。 if only后用虚拟语气（要是„就太好了）
If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。 If only I could speak several foreign languages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了！
课程小结
知识要点：
1、倒装句（Inversion）
英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。
一、倒装的类型
二、倒装结构的基本用法
1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装
2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）
课后作业
倒装句练习 (I)
1. Never in my life such a thing. A. I have heard of or seen C. have I heard of or seen
B. I had heard of or seen D. did I hear of or seen
2. Seldom A. they watch B. are they watching C. have they watched
D. do they watch
3.Not until his comrades criticized him to admit his mistake. A. does he begin B. did he begin C. began he D. had he begun 4. Not only a promise, but also he kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. does he make 5. nor read English. A. Can’t he either write
B. He can neither write
D. has he made
C. Can he neither write D. Neither he can write 6. Only when thousands of flowers bloom together . A. spring will be considered here B. could spring be considering here C. can spring be considered here D. spring can be considered here
7. his appearance that no one could recognize him. A. So was strange B. Was so strange C. So strange was
D. Strange so was
8. and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped C. Up jumped the cat
B. The cat up jumped D. Jumped up the cat
9.“It was cold yesterday.”“.”Which of the following is wrong. A. So it was B. So is it today
C. So was it the day before D. So it did 10. and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr. Brown B. Mr. Brown in came C. In came he D. Came in Mr. Brown 11. On the wall two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. are hanging 12. Never such a wonderful place as Hangzhou. A. have I seen B. I have seen C. Had I seen D. I had seen 13. ,she was very brave. A. Girl as she was B. As she was a girl C. A girl as she was D. Girl as was she 14. Little A. Susan knew
B. did Susan know
C. knew Susan D. was Susan known 15. Such the results of the experiments. A. is
B. was
C. are
D. as be
16. I didn’t read the notice. . A. So did he B. Neither didn’t he C. Nor did he D. He didn’t ,too 17. , I would have phoned you. A. If I knew it C. If I know it
B. Had I known it
D. Did I know it
18. “They have done a good job.” “ A. So they have done C. So have they
B. So they have
D. So is it
19. Now A. there is B. has come C. comes D. will come 20. Hardly A. did I reach B. had I reached
C. I reached D. I had reached
21. “I like to watch TV plays, but I don’t watch TV every evening. ” “
D. So it is with me
学大教育个性化教案
A. So do I B. So I do C. I do so 22. Rarely A. have I heard of B. I have heard of C. hear I of
D. was I heard of
23. the rain stop. the crops would be saved. A. Did
B. Should
C. Would D. Will
24. Seldom A. we B. we will
C. do we D. will we
A. was his theory B. his theory was C. did his theory
D. had his theory
26. Albert Einstein cared little for money. A. Either did B. So was C. So did D. Neither did 27. the plane.
A. Flew down B. Down flew C. Down was flying D. Down flying 28. I don’t think Jack will come today, A. or Mary does C. and Mary doesn’t
B. Mary will either D. nor will Mary
29. “Where is your father?” “Oh,.” A. here comes he
B. here does he come
C. he here comes D. here he comes
30. he realized it was too late to return home. A. No sooner it grew dark than
B. Hardly did it grow dark when
C. I t was not until dark that D. I t was until dark that
二.倒装练习(II)
1._______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat 2.______ and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in came C. In came he D. came in Mr Brown 3.Over _______ , dead.
A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goat C. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled 4.—Where is my shirt, mum? —_________.
A. There is it B. There it is C. There is D. Here is it 5. —Where is your father? —Oh, ________. A. here he comes B. he here comes C. here does he come D. here comes he 6.The door opened and there ________ .
A. enters an old man B. entered an old man C. did an old man enter D. an old man entered 7. Now ______ your turn to recite the text.
A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is 8.Often _____ them not to smoke here.
A. we advised B. advised me C. did we advise D. had we advised 9.________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boys C. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was two boys 10. On the wall _______ two large portraits.
A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs 11._______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldier C. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier 12. Next door to ours ________ , who is no less than eighty. A. that lives an old man B. does an old man live C. lives an old man D. where lives an old man
13.She plays the piano very well, ______.
A. so every one of us does B. every one of us does C. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us 14.You say he works hard, ______, and _____.
A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do you C. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do
15. —I thought you women were present at the meeting. —__________. A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. So did we
16.I don’t think Jack will come today, _____. A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesn’t C. Mary will either D. or Mary does 17. She is fond of cooking, _____I .
A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do
18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language . A. So it was with Engles B. So was it with Engles C. So was Engles D. So did Engles
19.A fish needs water and without water it will die._______. A. So does a man B. So will a man C. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man
20. So absorbed ___the work that she often forgot to ___ her meals. A. had she been in; do B. she was in; make C. was she in; take D. she had been in ; have 21.So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hear him. A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke 22. _________ his appearance that no one could recognize him. A. Strange so was B. So strange was C. Was so strange D. So was strange 23.Not once ______ their plan.
A. did they change B. they changed
C. changed they D. they did change
24. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are seeing B. had I seen C. I have seen D. have I seen
25.Seldom ______ TV during the day.
A. they watch B. are they watching
C. have they watched D. do they watch
26.Nowhere ______ as in my garden.
A.the flowers were so beautiful B. were the flowers so beautiful
C. so beautiful were the flowers D. so beautiful the flowers were
27. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.
A. finished he B. he had finished C. did he finishD. had he finished
finished their homework__I came into the classroom.
A. had they; than B. they had; when
C. had they; when D. did they; when
29. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. has he made B. does he make C. he made D. did he make
30. Not until his comrades criticized him _____to admit his mistake.
A. had he begun B. began he C. did he begin D. does he begin
三．倒装练习(III)
1. _____can you expect to get a pay rise.
A.With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
2. ____, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A.However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
3. Not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the pollution was.
A.did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize
4. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.
A.didn’t realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t realize D. I realized
5.—Do you know Jim quarrel with his brother?
—I don’t know, _______.
A.nor don’t I care B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also
6. Only by practicing a few hours every day _____ be able to waste much time.
A.you can B. can you C. you will D. will you
7. Not until the early years of the19th century _____ what heat is.
A.man did know B. man knew
C. didn’t man know D. did man know
8. _____got into the room, _____ the telephone rang.
A.He hardly; then B. Hardly had he; when
C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when
9. ______ snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
10.—I don’t think I can walk any further.
—_____, Let’s stop here for a rest.
A.Neither can I B. Neither do I
C. I didn’t think so D. I think so
11. Only in this way ______ do it well.
A.must we B. we could C. can we D. we can
12. Hardly ____ when it began to rain.
A.had he arrived B. arrived he C. he had arrived D. did he arrive
13. Jack is a student and studies at the No. 2 Middle School. _____.
A. It was the same with Mike B.So it is with Mike
C. So is Mike D. So does Mike
14. ______, I would have given you his address.
A. If you asked me B. You had asked me
C. Should you have asked me D.Had you asked me
15. _____ that they had made an important discovery in science.
A.Little they realized B. They had realized little
C.Little did they realize D. Little had they realized
16. ______ that I couldn’t be absorbed in the work.
A. They made such talked B. So loudly they talked
C. It was noise outside D. Such a loud noise did they make
17. Many a time _____ me good advice.
A. he gave B. does he give C. he has given D. has he given
18. ____ have I seen a better performance.
A. Everywhere B. Nowhere else
C. Everywhere else D. Nowhere
19. Not a single word ____ at the beginning.
A. did he say B. has he said C. he said D. he has said
20. Only in an hour ago ____ out why he was absent.
A. did the teacher found B. the teacher found
C. did the teacher find D. had the teacher found
21. _____the plane.
A. Flew down B. Down flew C. Down was flying D. Down fly
22. Hardly _____ when the bus suddenly pulled away.
A.they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stop
C. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop
23. ______ I had time, I would have run round that lake again.
A. If B. Unless C. Had D. When
24. Not only ______ a promise ,but he also kept it.
A. had he made B. he had made C. did he make D. he makes
25. ______ I would see you here.
A.Little I dreamed B. Little do I dream
C. I dreamed little D. Little did I dream
26. There ____ .
A.come they B. they come C. they are come D. they will come
27. ______ that he could not speak for a long time.
A.So frightened was he B. So frightened he was
C. Was he so frightened D. Frightened was he
28. Only when class began ____that he had left his book at home.
A.will he realize B. he did realize
C. did he realize D. should he realize
29. Only when you have finished your homework _____ go home.
A. can you B. would you C. you will D. you can
30.Seldom___any mistakes during my past few years of working here.
A. would I make B. did I make
C. I did make D. shall I make
答案:倒装练习(I)
1-5 CDBAB 6-10 CCCDA 11-15 BAABC
16-20 CBBCB 21-25 DABCA 26-30 DBDDC
解析：
1．C Never放在句首，句子倒装，把完成时的助动词提前。
2．D seldom放在句首，句子倒装，此句应为一般现在时。
3．B Not until在句首，倒装，时态为过去时。
4．A Not only 在句首，倒装，由后半句知，是过去时。
5．B neither„nor„既不„„也不„„
6．C only修饰时间状语从句，主句倒装。
7．C 表语提前，句子倒装。
8．C up，副词在句首，句子全倒装。
9．D A的结构表示：昨天确实很冷
B后的结构表示：今天也很冷
C的结构表示：前天也很冷。
10．A in作副词在句首，句子全倒装。
11．B 地点状语放在句首，会倒装，主语是portraits，动词用原形。
12．A 道理同第一题
13．A as引导的让步状语从句，表语提前时，名词前无冠词。
14．B 否定词little在句首，句子倒装。
15．C such在句首，句子全倒装，主语是experiments，所以用are
16．C nor这里等于neither，此句表他也没注意到这个通知。 学大教育个性化教案
17．B 此句是虚拟语气，由后半句知，是对过去事实的假设。从句为if I had known it可把if去掉，had提前，变成倒装句。
18．B so+主语+助动词，表„„确实„„。
19．C now放在句首，句子全倒装，用一般现在时。
20．B hardly + had+主语+过去分词+when+句子
21．D 句中既有肯定含义，又有否定含义，此时用so it is with sb.表前面的情况也适用于另一个人。
22．A 否定副词rarely放在句首，句子倒装助动词提前。
23．B 此句虚拟语气，倒装时should提前，去掉if.
24．C 道理同第2题。
学大教育个性化教案
25．A 此句属only放在句首修饰时间状语，主句倒装结构，又因是被动含义，所以选A。
26．D neither+助动词+主语，表“另一人也不„„”，因前句有否定词little，所以用neither。
27．B 副词down在句首，句子会倒装。
28．D 句意为：我认为
29．D here放在句首，倒装。由于主语是代词，只把副词提前，构成部分倒装。
30．C 此句是强调句型，句意为：直到天黑他才意识到天太晚了，不能回家了。
倒装练习 (II) 1-5 CABBA
11-15 BCCBA
21-25 ABADD
倒装练习 (III) 1-5 CDABB
11-15 CABDC
21-25 BDCCD
6-10 BBBDA 16-20 BAACC 26-30 BDCDC 6-10 DDBBB 16-20 DDDAC 26-30 BACAB