Shear Strength of a Lightweight Self-Consolidating Concrete Bridge Girder
轻型自加固混凝土梁桥剪切强度
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
Abstract: Lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) is advantageous in the bridge industry because
members made with this material have a significantly lower self-weight, and in its fresh state, LWSCC has a low
viscosity which eliminates the need for vibration during fabrication.
摘要：轻型自我巩固混凝土（LWSCC ）有利于桥梁行业，因为这种材料制成的材料能显著降低自身重量，并保持新鲜状态，LWSCC 具有低粘度从而消除在制造过程中的振动。
A composite section was fabricated with a single precast bulb-tee LWSCC beam and a lightweight concrete cast-in-place deck. A simply supported test configuration was constructed with two point loads to quantify the web-shear strength of the girder.
一种复合制备了单一预制灯泡发球LWSCC 光束和轻质混凝土现浇就地板。简支测试配置构建了两个点负载量化网络的梁剪切强度。
The experimental shear strength is compared to four analytical models from different AASHTO Specifications. Based
on the results of this limited study, the theoretical predictions for the web-shear strength of this girder were all
conservative when compared to the experimentally measured failure strength.
这个实验剪切强度从四个不同AASHTO 标准规格进行比较分析模。基于有限的研究结果，当和实验测量破坏强度相比较网络的理论预测，梁剪切强度均保守相比。
With these results in mind, further
research is recommended on the use of LWSCC girders in the bridge industry to better understand the material
properties, structural properties, and cost advantages.
考虑到这些成果，进一步研究LWSCC 梁桥在工业中使用，以更好地了解材料性能，结构性能和成本优势。
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
CE Database subject headings: Prestressed concrete; Precast concrete; Lightweight concrete; Self-consolidating
concrete; Shear strength; Bridges, girder; Experimentation
关键词：预应力混凝土，预制混凝土，轻质混凝土，自我巩固混凝土，剪切强度，桥梁，梁，试验
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
Lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) is advantageous in the bridge industry because members
fabricated with this material have a significantly lower self-weight, and in its fresh state, LWSCC has a low
viscosity which eliminates the need for vibration during fabrication.
轻量级自我巩固混凝土（LWSCC ）有利于桥梁行业，因为人们用这种材料制备具有显着降低自身重量，并在其新鲜状态的材料，LWSCC 具有低粘度从而消除在制造过程中的振动需要。
Unfortunately, lightweight self-consolidating concrete typically has lower tensile strength and possibly a lower aggregate interlock strength. This combination may result in a lower overall shear strength. Furthermore, this type of concrete also has a lower modulus of elasticity which leads to higher elastic shortening losses and higher deflections.
不幸的是，轻型自我巩固通常具有较低的拉伸强度和可能降低骨料结合力量。这种组合可能会导致降低整体抗剪强度。此外，这种具体类型还具有较低的弹性模量从而导致在更高的弹性和更高的缩短损失挠度。
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
A single precast bulb-tee (PCBT) bridge girder was fabricated and tested. The Virginia Department of
Transportation (VDOT) has been incorporating the PCBT girder shape into their bridge designs because of its
efficient cross section.
一预制支承块式道床桥梁是装配和测试。弗吉尼亚交通运输部（维州交通部）已经纳入PCBT 梁在他们设计桥梁的有效截面中。
The girder was cast with lightweight self-consolidating concrete and a composite cast-inplace
deck was fabricated using lightweight concrete. In this study, the beam and deck were tested using two
different loading conditions. These tests aimed to experimentally quantify the web-shear strength and flexure-shear
strength of the beam.
梁是用轻自我巩固混凝土和复合铸造内置式板器采用轻质混凝土。在这项研究中，梁及板用两个不同的负载条件进行了测试使。实验的目的是测试梁的剪切强度和弯曲强度。
This paper presents results from the web-shear strength test only and discusses how
lightweight self-consolidating concrete affects the shear strength of prestressed concrete bridge girders. During
flexure-shear testing, the girder failed in flexure before a flexure-shear failure; more detailed results and discussion
on that part of the experimentation can be found in Dymond (2007).
本文在腹板剪切强度测试中所列出的结果，只讨论轻量级自我巩固如何具体影响预应力混凝土梁桥的抗剪强度。在 弯曲剪切试验中，在剪切破坏前梁弯曲破坏，该部分的更详细的讨论实验结果可以在Dymond （2007年）中找到。
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ The scope of this project was limited to a single PCBT girder. This project does not include a parametric
study involving other cross sections, varying design parameters, or alteration of the concrete mix design. The
experimental shear strength is compared to four different American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO) analytical models
该项目的范围仅限于一个单一的PCBT 梁。该项目不包括涉及其他部门参数研究，不同的设计参数，或混凝土配合比设计。这个剪切强度实验 和四个不同的美国公路和运输官员协会（AASHTO 标准）的分析模型相比较：
1. The General method in the Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (2002) based on calculation of Vci
and Vcw – referred to herein as the “Standard" method。
在公路桥梁（2002年）的标准规范中计算的Vci 和Vcw 一般方法- 下称“标准”方法。
2. The General Procedure from the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Bridge Design
Specifications (2007) based on tabulated theta, θ, and beta, β, values – referred to as the “LRFD” method
从AASHTO 标准荷载和抗力系数设计（荷载抗力系数）桥设计程序规范（2007）根据tabulated theta, θ, and beta, β, values - 称为“荷载抗力系数”方法
3. The Simplified Procedure for Prestressed and Nonprestressed Sections from the AASHTO LRFD Bridge
Design Specifications (2007) based on calculation of Vci and Vcw – referred to as the “Simplified” method
在从AASHTO 标准荷载抗力系数大桥预应力和非预应力科简易程序设计规范（2007年）的基础上防锈和Vcw 计算 - 被称为“简化”的方法
4. The General Procedure from the 2008 Interim Revisions to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design
Specifications (2008) based on equations for θ and β values – referred to as the “Interim” method
从2008年临时修订到AASHTO 标准桥梁设计荷载抗力系数规格（2008）基于方程θ和β值- 被称为“临时”的方法。.
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ Test Girder Design and Fabrication 梁设计与制作试验
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
A single PCBT girder 1.35 m (53 in.) tall (PCBT-53) and 19.81 m (65 ft) long was designed in two stages. First, the
anchorage zones were designed for a companion project which investigated the behavior and design of anchorage
zones in prestressed concrete bridge girders, as documented by Crispino (2007).
单一PCBT 梁1.35米（53英寸）高（PCBT - 53）和19.81米（65英尺）长的两个阶段设计。首先，锚固区被设计为一个调查他的行为和在预应力混凝土梁桥锚固区进行设计的配套工程，如克里斯皮诺（2007年）记载。
Secondly, the vertical and horizontal shear reinforcement was designed using the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (2007) for the shear testing of the PCBT-53. The vertical shear design of the beam was based on an assumed angle of inclination of diagonal compressive stresses of 38 to 39 degrees.
第二，纵向和横向剪切钢筋设计使用的PCBT 剪切试验- 53大桥的AASHTO 标准荷载抗力系数设计规范（2007年）。垂直剪切梁设计是以一项对38至39度角倾斜承担压应力的角度为基础的。
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ Conclusions and Recommendations 结论以及建议
Based on the results of this limited study, the theoretical predictions for the web-shear strength of this girder were all conservative when compared to the experimentally measured failure strength.
基于这一有限的研究结果，和实验测量破坏强度相比梁剪切强度的理论预测都是保守的。
With this in mind, use of either the LRFD or the Interim procedure (one based on tabulated θ and β and one based on equations) and use of the Simplified method provides conservative results for designing LWSCC precast bulb-tee girders similar to the one tested.
考虑到这一点，无论是使用荷载抗力系数或临时程序（在列θ和β和方程）和使用的简化方法为依据设计LWSCC 提供预制球，发球梁类似于一个保守的测试结果。
Due to the limits of this single test, further research at different shear-to-depth ratios and shear reinforcement amounts is recommended and necessary before girders are to be designed for public bridges
由于这一个测试限制，在现实桥中运用此设计之前，在不同剪切深度比和剪切钢筋数量进行更进一步的研究是建议和必要的
This will aid in supporting the use of LWSCC girders in the bridge industry because of advantages such as lower self-weight and the lack of vibration during fabrication
这将有助于LWSCC 梁桥在桥梁工业中的使用，因为他有降低自身重量和减小在制造过程中的振动的优势。
Repeatable results will help to better understand the material properties, structural properties, and cost advantages.
可重复的结果将有助于更好地了解材料特性，结构性能和成本优势。
Shear Strength of a Lightweight Self-Consolidating Concrete Bridge Girder
轻型自加固混凝土梁桥剪切强度
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
Abstract: Lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) is advantageous in the bridge industry because
members made with this material have a significantly lower self-weight, and in its fresh state, LWSCC has a low
viscosity which eliminates the need for vibration during fabrication.
摘要：轻型自我巩固混凝土（LWSCC ）有利于桥梁行业，因为这种材料制成的材料能显著降低自身重量，并保持新鲜状态，LWSCC 具有低粘度从而消除在制造过程中的振动。
A composite section was fabricated with a single precast bulb-tee LWSCC beam and a lightweight concrete cast-in-place deck. A simply supported test configuration was constructed with two point loads to quantify the web-shear strength of the girder.
一种复合制备了单一预制灯泡发球LWSCC 光束和轻质混凝土现浇就地板。简支测试配置构建了两个点负载量化网络的梁剪切强度。
The experimental shear strength is compared to four analytical models from different AASHTO Specifications. Based
on the results of this limited study, the theoretical predictions for the web-shear strength of this girder were all
conservative when compared to the experimentally measured failure strength.
这个实验剪切强度从四个不同AASHTO 标准规格进行比较分析模。基于有限的研究结果，当和实验测量破坏强度相比较网络的理论预测，梁剪切强度均保守相比。
With these results in mind, further
research is recommended on the use of LWSCC girders in the bridge industry to better understand the material
properties, structural properties, and cost advantages.
考虑到这些成果，进一步研究LWSCC 梁桥在工业中使用，以更好地了解材料性能，结构性能和成本优势。
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
CE Database subject headings: Prestressed concrete; Precast concrete; Lightweight concrete; Self-consolidating
concrete; Shear strength; Bridges, girder; Experimentation
关键词：预应力混凝土，预制混凝土，轻质混凝土，自我巩固混凝土，剪切强度，桥梁，梁，试验
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
Lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) is advantageous in the bridge industry because members
fabricated with this material have a significantly lower self-weight, and in its fresh state, LWSCC has a low
viscosity which eliminates the need for vibration during fabrication.
轻量级自我巩固混凝土（LWSCC ）有利于桥梁行业，因为人们用这种材料制备具有显着降低自身重量，并在其新鲜状态的材料，LWSCC 具有低粘度从而消除在制造过程中的振动需要。
Unfortunately, lightweight self-consolidating concrete typically has lower tensile strength and possibly a lower aggregate interlock strength. This combination may result in a lower overall shear strength. Furthermore, this type of concrete also has a lower modulus of elasticity which leads to higher elastic shortening losses and higher deflections.
不幸的是，轻型自我巩固通常具有较低的拉伸强度和可能降低骨料结合力量。这种组合可能会导致降低整体抗剪强度。此外，这种具体类型还具有较低的弹性模量从而导致在更高的弹性和更高的缩短损失挠度。
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
A single precast bulb-tee (PCBT) bridge girder was fabricated and tested. The Virginia Department of
Transportation (VDOT) has been incorporating the PCBT girder shape into their bridge designs because of its
efficient cross section.
一预制支承块式道床桥梁是装配和测试。弗吉尼亚交通运输部（维州交通部）已经纳入PCBT 梁在他们设计桥梁的有效截面中。
The girder was cast with lightweight self-consolidating concrete and a composite cast-inplace
deck was fabricated using lightweight concrete. In this study, the beam and deck were tested using two
different loading conditions. These tests aimed to experimentally quantify the web-shear strength and flexure-shear
strength of the beam.
梁是用轻自我巩固混凝土和复合铸造内置式板器采用轻质混凝土。在这项研究中，梁及板用两个不同的负载条件进行了测试使。实验的目的是测试梁的剪切强度和弯曲强度。
This paper presents results from the web-shear strength test only and discusses how
lightweight self-consolidating concrete affects the shear strength of prestressed concrete bridge girders. During
flexure-shear testing, the girder failed in flexure before a flexure-shear failure; more detailed results and discussion
on that part of the experimentation can be found in Dymond (2007).
本文在腹板剪切强度测试中所列出的结果，只讨论轻量级自我巩固如何具体影响预应力混凝土梁桥的抗剪强度。在 弯曲剪切试验中，在剪切破坏前梁弯曲破坏，该部分的更详细的讨论实验结果可以在Dymond （2007年）中找到。
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ The scope of this project was limited to a single PCBT girder. This project does not include a parametric
study involving other cross sections, varying design parameters, or alteration of the concrete mix design. The
experimental shear strength is compared to four different American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO) analytical models
该项目的范围仅限于一个单一的PCBT 梁。该项目不包括涉及其他部门参数研究，不同的设计参数，或混凝土配合比设计。这个剪切强度实验 和四个不同的美国公路和运输官员协会（AASHTO 标准）的分析模型相比较：
1. The General method in the Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (2002) based on calculation of Vci
and Vcw – referred to herein as the “Standard" method。
在公路桥梁（2002年）的标准规范中计算的Vci 和Vcw 一般方法- 下称“标准”方法。
2. The General Procedure from the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Bridge Design
Specifications (2007) based on tabulated theta, θ, and beta, β, values – referred to as the “LRFD” method
从AASHTO 标准荷载和抗力系数设计（荷载抗力系数）桥设计程序规范（2007）根据tabulated theta, θ, and beta, β, values - 称为“荷载抗力系数”方法
3. The Simplified Procedure for Prestressed and Nonprestressed Sections from the AASHTO LRFD Bridge
Design Specifications (2007) based on calculation of Vci and Vcw – referred to as the “Simplified” method
在从AASHTO 标准荷载抗力系数大桥预应力和非预应力科简易程序设计规范（2007年）的基础上防锈和Vcw 计算 - 被称为“简化”的方法
4. The General Procedure from the 2008 Interim Revisions to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design
Specifications (2008) based on equations for θ and β values – referred to as the “Interim” method
从2008年临时修订到AASHTO 标准桥梁设计荷载抗力系数规格（2008）基于方程θ和β值- 被称为“临时”的方法。.
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ Test Girder Design and Fabrication 梁设计与制作试验
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
A single PCBT girder 1.35 m (53 in.) tall (PCBT-53) and 19.81 m (65 ft) long was designed in two stages. First, the
anchorage zones were designed for a companion project which investigated the behavior and design of anchorage
zones in prestressed concrete bridge girders, as documented by Crispino (2007).
单一PCBT 梁1.35米（53英寸）高（PCBT - 53）和19.81米（65英尺）长的两个阶段设计。首先，锚固区被设计为一个调查他的行为和在预应力混凝土梁桥锚固区进行设计的配套工程，如克里斯皮诺（2007年）记载。
Secondly, the vertical and horizontal shear reinforcement was designed using the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (2007) for the shear testing of the PCBT-53. The vertical shear design of the beam was based on an assumed angle of inclination of diagonal compressive stresses of 38 to 39 degrees.
第二，纵向和横向剪切钢筋设计使用的PCBT 剪切试验- 53大桥的AASHTO 标准荷载抗力系数设计规范（2007年）。垂直剪切梁设计是以一项对38至39度角倾斜承担压应力的角度为基础的。
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ Conclusions and Recommendations 结论以及建议
Based on the results of this limited study, the theoretical predictions for the web-shear strength of this girder were all conservative when compared to the experimentally measured failure strength.
基于这一有限的研究结果，和实验测量破坏强度相比梁剪切强度的理论预测都是保守的。
With this in mind, use of either the LRFD or the Interim procedure (one based on tabulated θ and β and one based on equations) and use of the Simplified method provides conservative results for designing LWSCC precast bulb-tee girders similar to the one tested.
考虑到这一点，无论是使用荷载抗力系数或临时程序（在列θ和β和方程）和使用的简化方法为依据设计LWSCC 提供预制球，发球梁类似于一个保守的测试结果。
Due to the limits of this single test, further research at different shear-to-depth ratios and shear reinforcement amounts is recommended and necessary before girders are to be designed for public bridges
由于这一个测试限制，在现实桥中运用此设计之前，在不同剪切深度比和剪切钢筋数量进行更进一步的研究是建议和必要的
This will aid in supporting the use of LWSCC girders in the bridge industry because of advantages such as lower self-weight and the lack of vibration during fabrication
这将有助于LWSCC 梁桥在桥梁工业中的使用，因为他有降低自身重量和减小在制造过程中的振动的优势。
Repeatable results will help to better understand the material properties, structural properties, and cost advantages.
可重复的结果将有助于更好地了解材料特性，结构性能和成本优势。