四级作文经典句型
creating a green campus
enjoy great prestige in the world
享誉世界
is the essence of 是。。。的精华
Recently a debate about green campus has aroused public attention. 引起公众关注。 Undoubtedly 毫无疑问
Has a profound impact on both individuals and society.对个人和社会有极深影响。 Needless to say,a green campus includes...不必说
Degradable plastic 可降解塑料。
Meanwhile,we should make efforts to improve the moral standard of university students in order to create a civilized atmosphere for the sake of students’mental health.
过渡句：In the first place,it is essential that...,furthermore,it is high time for us to...,last but not least...
Work out 解决，实现
Increase the awareness of the importance of...增强对... 的认识的重要性
Rewind the clock 时光倒流
In addition to this除此之外
Go all out全力以赴属于四六级经典高分短语
What ’s more
[高分词汇] whereas 意思是然而…，是四六级经典转换话题类词汇。
nothing but意为：只有, 只不过，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！ Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.
天才只不过是劳动加勤奋。
what's more意思是另外，而且„，是四六级经典补充类词组。 What's more, bigger banks can diversify their earnings, which should further militate against failure . 而且，大银行可以使他们的收入多样化，这可以防止经营失败。
take advantage of的意思是利用，是四六级经典短语 attach importance to意为：重视，属于四六级经典高分短语
[高分短语] take pride in意为：以„自豪，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒 高分短语] take advantage of的意思是利用，是四六级经典短语。 on account of意为：由于，属于四六级经典高分短语
it goes without saying that意为：不用说... ，很明显... 。类似的表达有：属于四六级经典高分句型， (It is) needless to say (that)，It is obvious that， Obviously, ...。用得很棒！
[高分词组] far beyond的意思是远远超过，大量超出，远在天边，是四六级经典词组。 It goes without saying thatit pays to keep early hours.
不用说早睡早起是值得的。
[高分短语] may as well意为：最好，不妨，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！
We may as well cut across the playground.
我们不妨从运动场上横穿过去。
[高分句型] it pays to 意为：... 是值得的。属于四六级经典高分句型，用得很棒！
It pays tohelp others.
帮助别人是值得的。
[高分表达] 高分词组，not to mention 意为“更不用说/别提„„”，同意表达有to say nothing of、not to speak of。
[高分表达] 高分词组，be of接名词用来说明句子的主语所具有的性质或特征。
Though time is of the essence, it pays to spend some to make our work better. 高分短语] contribute to意思是对某事有帮助，有贡献；有助于做某事…，是四六级经典短语。
[高分短语] stay up late意思是熬夜，是四六级经典短语。
Many retired people can still contribute to the society with their rich experience .
许多退休的老人还能用他们丰富的经验为社会作贡献。
好评报错
[高分短语] on no account 意为：决不，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！
Young people should on no account neglect their daily physical exercises.
青年人决不应疏忽每天的体育锻炼。
好评报错
[高分句型] On no account can意思是... 绝对不能... ，是四六级经典句型。
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
好评报错
There is no denying that意思是不可否认的，是四六级经典句型。
There is no denying thatthe qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
[高分句型] the reason why 意为：... 的原因是... ，属于四六级经典高分句型。
The reason whywe have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
好评报错
[高分表达] 高分词组，look forward to意为“期望/等待„„”。 [高分表达] 高分词组，look forward to意为“期盼/期待”。 好评报错
[高分句型] It is universally acknowledged that意思是大家都认为，是四六级经典句型。
whereas 意思是然而…，是四六级经典转换话题类词汇
take into account意为把„考虑进去，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！
A case in point is[高分短语] 意为：一个恰当的例子，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！
[高分短语] cope with 意为：对付„，妥善处理，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！
[高分短语] once for all意为：一劳永逸地，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！
比如take into account（我不觉得它很牛的样子）、heart and soul，
play an role in等等。
[高分句型] that is the reason why的意思是原因是，是四六级经典句型。 referring to
not hesitate to
Give priority to给===优先权
Recently,a heated debate arose online in China about the "Chinese style of crossing the road", a term referring to the tendency of large crowds of people to cross roads in disobedience of red lights.
Puzzle out苦思，puzzle over
Be short of 缺乏。。。。
attach great importance to
高度重视
七、An advantage of ~ is that + 句子(...的优点是...)
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.
三、~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~ too much.(再怎么强调... 的重要性也不为过。)
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
It makes me understand that perseverance makes the impossible possible. To make a long story short
enrich one's experience 增长见识
in defiance of
不顾，无视
It ’s highly desirable for sb to do something.很希望某人做。。。
Submit oneself to...遵守
Interpret...as... 把什么理解为
Whereas 然而
Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that
/There are many ways which can be adopted to 解决问题
has nothing to do with
With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.
An obstacle set back or delay means only one thing: it's not time for your goal to be completed yet.
Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly ，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，
they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to
people ’s health by giving them due physical exercise.
had been in its glory in the period of Qianlong Emblem of Qing dynasty
1）主语从句
It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.
It is well-known that…
It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…
It goes without saying that…
It is universally acknowledged that…
It is / that
2）宾（表）语从句
3）定语从句（限定性和非限定性）
As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described… in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,
It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds spent on cigarettes every year in our
4）状语从句（时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折when, since, because, if, though, before 等） （怪物） which will devour him.
5）分词短语做定语或状语
6）倒装句 （only, neither, nor, at no time, in no case) activity known to geologists as hot spots.
7）被动句
Many people believe that…（…）
8）强调句
9) 省略句
10) What句型
11) 设问句
Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?
12) no more …than…
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
13) may as well…as 与其…不如
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
14) the ~est …that I have ever seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
15) cannot…too…
You cannot be too careful.
16) 否定+until(till)
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
17) Nothing is ~~ er than to
Nothing is more important than to receive education.
18) There is no doubt that ~
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
19) So …is…that … （如此... 以致于... ）
So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
20) Adj as…is
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
21) the more…the more…
The harder you work, the more progress you will make.
22) By doing, we can …
By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
23) It is time + 过去式 （该是... 的时候了）
It is time the authorities took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
24) Those who…
Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
25) For the past…years，sb + 现在完成式...
For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
26)Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式。
Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
27) It pays to do… （... 是值得的。）
It pays to help others.
28) Due to/Owing to/Thanks to … （因为... ）
Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
29) 不定式、动名词作主语
To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another.
30）It is no use doing sth.
It is no use crying over the spoiled milk.
31) “too…to”句型
She is too angry to speak.
32) “so…that…” “…so that…”句型
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
The teacher explains the sentence slowly and clearly so that everyone can understand.
33) “range from …to…”结构
His hobbies range from painting to playing basketball.
34) attach importance to / lay emphasis on
The government attaches great importance to the protection of the environment.
35) not… but
Tom was not there but his brother was.
36) there is a chance that …
There is a chance that we can finish the task on time.
37. instead of…+句子
Instead of telling the truth, he lied.
38. it is + a.+ for sb. to do sth.
It is convenient for us to search online.
It is necessary for you to hurry up.
39. when it comes to…+名词/动名词
When it comes to his achievements in the past, he becomes really excited.
40. partly because of… and partly because of…
Partly because of his great effort, and partly because of his talent, he achieved great success.
41. It seems as if…
It seems as if it is going to rain.
42. …也是/….也不
You agree with him, so do I.
You don’t agree with him, nor does he.
43. Only if…只有…才
Only if you go visiting the mountain by yourself, can you feel the beauty of it truly. Only in this way can you learn English well.
44. if only/ as long as 只要…就
If only you work hard, I believe you can get promoted.
四级作文常用短语
1. 许多
可数名词: a great/good many
a large number of many a +单数名词 不可数名词: a large amount of
a large sum of a great deal of 两者都可： plenty of
2. 影响
have an effect on
have an influence on
have an impact on
play an important role in
play an important part in
3. 喜好
prefer A to B
prefer to do sth.
prefer to do rather than do would rather do than do
4. 把…看作
regard…as
view…as
consider…as
look on… as
refer to…as
5. 区别
distinguish… from…;
separate… from…
divide… from…
tell…from…
6. 就我(们) 所知
As far as we know,
As is known to all,
As we all know,
As far as I’m concerned
7. 导致
result in
result from
cause
lead to
8. 阻止
prevent sb. from doing sth.
stop sb. from doing sth.
inhibit sb. from doing sth.
discourage sb. from doing sth. forbid sb. to do sth.
9. 重要的
critical, essential, vital, crucial, significant It is …to do sth.
10. 减少
diminish, decrease, reduce, cut down cut back on, decline, eliminate
11. 尽管
despite that,
in spite of,
although,
though
12. 作用
contribute to
affect
play a part in
13. 关于，鉴于，由于
with regard to
in view of
with a view to
concerning
considering
14. 以免、唯恐
lest
for fear that +虚拟语气 in case that
in case of +名词短语
15. 对比
in contrast, by contrast,
in contrast with, by contrast with in comparison, by comparison in comparison with
conversely
compared to
16. 决定
be determined to do
choose to do
17. 经常
all too often
more often
frequently
18. 好
outstanding
marvelous
terrific
splendid
excellent
distinctive
distinguished
19. 易于、倾向于
be liable to
be inclined to
tend to
be likely to
20. 努力
make an effort to
struggle to do sth.
do one’s utmost to do sth.
21. 一系列
a series of
a range of
a string of
22. 毫无疑问，众所周知
undoubtedly
There is no doubt that
without doubt
No one can deny that
It is commonly acknowledged that
It goes without saying that
It is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that
23. 事实上
in fact
actually
as a matter of fact
practically
virtually
24 为了
for the sake of
on behalf of
25. 有时
sometimes
at times
from time to time
on occasion
now and then
now and again
26. 越来越：
be increasingly + adj.,
be on the rise,
the growing number of
more and more
27. 归因于；归咎于
attribute… to
owe…to
be to blame/ blame sth. on sb. 4) 状语从句(时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等)
When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him.
Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.
5) 分词短语做定语或状语
Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.
6) 倒装句
Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.
7) 被动句
Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.
He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds.
Many people believe that„(It is believed that„)
8) 设问句
Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?
9) 比较
1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
6.Like anything else, it has its faults.
7.A and B has several points in common.
8.A bears some resemblances to B.
9.However, the same is not applicable to B.
10. A and B differ in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
10) 原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...
5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...
6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...
7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...
8. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...
9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...
10. Perhaps the primary factor is that „
11. But the fundamental cause is that ...
11) 结果
1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
2. The immediate result it produces is ...
3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...
4. Its consequence can be so great that...
12) 批驳
1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...
13) 举例
1) A good case in point is ...
2) As an illustration, we may take ...
3) Such examples might be given easily.
4) ...is often cited as an example.
14) 证明
1) No one can deny the fact that ...
2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
4) Recent studies indicate that ...
5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
15) 开篇
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...
6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.
7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...
8) According to a recent survey, ...
9) With the rapid development of ..., ...
16) 结尾
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...
3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...
5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.
6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...
7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ...
10) Taking all these into account, we ...
11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...
短语积累
be keen on
[口语]热衷于，喜爱；渴望；对…有兴趣
其结果是with the result that
A. 时间关系
1. after a while 不久, 过一会儿 2. afterward 然后, 后来 3. as soon as 一„就„ 4. at first 首先 5. at last =eventually 最后，终于 6. meantime=at the same time 同时 7. immediately 立即，立刻8. presently 现在, 目前 9. recently 最近10. since then 自从那时起
11. to begin with=to start with 首先
B.举例说明
1. a case in point 恰当的例子 2. as an illustration 举例来讲 3. for example (instance) 例如
4. for one thing„for another„一来„二来„ (相似观点) 5. on the one hand„on the other hand 一方面„另一方面„ （相异观点）6. namely =that is to say 即, 就是, 换句话说 7. firstly„secondly „thirdly „finally 8. in the first (second, third) place 第一（二、三）
9. take„as an example=take„for example 以„为例10. such as „ 例如，诸如
2.C. 解释或定义
1. in other words 换而言之2. in simple terms = simply speaking =in brief 简而言之
3. namely =that is to say=that is 即, 就是, 换句话说
D. 递进关系
1. furthermore=moreover= what’s more 而且2. in addition= additionally=besides 此外
3. not only„but also 不但„而且„4. also=too 也
E. 条件关系
1. as long as „ 只要„就„2. provided/providing (that„) 在„情况或条件下；假若，如果 3. even though=even if 即使„ 4. on condition that 在„条件下 5. supposing (that) 假设，假定 6. otherwise=or 不然；否则7. unless 除非 F.强调关系
1. above all 最重要, 尤其2. anyway = in any case无论如何 3. in fact=as a matter of fact=actually 实际上4. in particular=especially or specifically 尤其；特别 5. on no account 决不6. obviously 显而易见地7. no doubt无疑地
G. 因果关系
1. accordingly相应地; 于是, 从而, 因此2. as a result 因此3. consequently 所以，因此 4. because (since, as, for) 5. due to=owing to=because of 6. hence 所以，因此 7. now that „ 既然„8. therefore=so 9. thus 因此, 从而
H. 转折关系
1. although 虽然2. but, however, yet 但是；然而3. nevertheless (尽管如此) 还是, 然而, 不过
4. in contrast to „ 与„相对照；与„相反5. on the contrary 与此相反6. in spite of „ 尽管„
7. on the one hand„on the other hand
I. 比较与对比关系
1. by contrast /on the contrary 相反地 2. compared to/with 与„相比较3. differ from 与„不同
4. have„in common 与„有相同之处5. in comparison with 与„相比较
6. in the same way/similarly/likewise 相似地
J. 总结与归纳
1. in the short run 短期来看 in the long run 长期来看2. above all 最重要的; 尤其 3. by and large 总的说来 4. all in all 总而言之 5.in a word 总而言之一句话6. in brief 简而言之=in short7. in conclusion （表示结论）最后 8. in summary 总的说来; 归纳起来 =to sum up K.发表个人观点
1. as far as „be concerned 就„而言2. as for sb 关于；至于3. as to „关于；至于4. in one’s eyes/opinion 在„看来5. it seems to sb that„在某人看来，似乎„ 6. when it comes to„ 当谈
到„的时候
L. 引用他人观点
1. as it is known to all,„正如大家所知道的2. as sb puts it, „正如（某人）所言
3. as the proverb goes,„正如（某谚语）所说4. it is said/reported/predicted/believed that 据说/据报道/据预测/据信 5. some people hold/claim/think that„but others argue that„有人认为„但是另一些人认为„
M. 图表说明
1. The figure of the graph/table shows that„图表的数据表明„
2. according to the figure/number/statistics 根据数据/统计数据„
3. in the table/chart, it can be seen that„ 由图表可知„
4. the figure indicates/shows/suggests/proves that„ 图标表明„
5. As shown in Table 1/Figure 1, there was a gradual/sudden rise/decline in„ 正如图一所示，„有缓慢/急剧的上升/下降。6. from the two graphs, it may be inferred that„从这两个图表中，可以推断„
四级作文经典句型
creating a green campus
enjoy great prestige in the world
享誉世界
is the essence of 是。。。的精华
Recently a debate about green campus has aroused public attention. 引起公众关注。 Undoubtedly 毫无疑问
Has a profound impact on both individuals and society.对个人和社会有极深影响。 Needless to say,a green campus includes...不必说
Degradable plastic 可降解塑料。
Meanwhile,we should make efforts to improve the moral standard of university students in order to create a civilized atmosphere for the sake of students’mental health.
过渡句：In the first place,it is essential that...,furthermore,it is high time for us to...,last but not least...
Work out 解决，实现
Increase the awareness of the importance of...增强对... 的认识的重要性
Rewind the clock 时光倒流
In addition to this除此之外
Go all out全力以赴属于四六级经典高分短语
What ’s more
[高分词汇] whereas 意思是然而…，是四六级经典转换话题类词汇。
nothing but意为：只有, 只不过，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！ Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.
天才只不过是劳动加勤奋。
what's more意思是另外，而且„，是四六级经典补充类词组。 What's more, bigger banks can diversify their earnings, which should further militate against failure . 而且，大银行可以使他们的收入多样化，这可以防止经营失败。
take advantage of的意思是利用，是四六级经典短语 attach importance to意为：重视，属于四六级经典高分短语
[高分短语] take pride in意为：以„自豪，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒 高分短语] take advantage of的意思是利用，是四六级经典短语。 on account of意为：由于，属于四六级经典高分短语
it goes without saying that意为：不用说... ，很明显... 。类似的表达有：属于四六级经典高分句型， (It is) needless to say (that)，It is obvious that， Obviously, ...。用得很棒！
[高分词组] far beyond的意思是远远超过，大量超出，远在天边，是四六级经典词组。 It goes without saying thatit pays to keep early hours.
不用说早睡早起是值得的。
[高分短语] may as well意为：最好，不妨，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！
We may as well cut across the playground.
我们不妨从运动场上横穿过去。
[高分句型] it pays to 意为：... 是值得的。属于四六级经典高分句型，用得很棒！
It pays tohelp others.
帮助别人是值得的。
[高分表达] 高分词组，not to mention 意为“更不用说/别提„„”，同意表达有to say nothing of、not to speak of。
[高分表达] 高分词组，be of接名词用来说明句子的主语所具有的性质或特征。
Though time is of the essence, it pays to spend some to make our work better. 高分短语] contribute to意思是对某事有帮助，有贡献；有助于做某事…，是四六级经典短语。
[高分短语] stay up late意思是熬夜，是四六级经典短语。
Many retired people can still contribute to the society with their rich experience .
许多退休的老人还能用他们丰富的经验为社会作贡献。
好评报错
[高分短语] on no account 意为：决不，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！
Young people should on no account neglect their daily physical exercises.
青年人决不应疏忽每天的体育锻炼。
好评报错
[高分句型] On no account can意思是... 绝对不能... ，是四六级经典句型。
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
好评报错
There is no denying that意思是不可否认的，是四六级经典句型。
There is no denying thatthe qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
[高分句型] the reason why 意为：... 的原因是... ，属于四六级经典高分句型。
The reason whywe have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
好评报错
[高分表达] 高分词组，look forward to意为“期望/等待„„”。 [高分表达] 高分词组，look forward to意为“期盼/期待”。 好评报错
[高分句型] It is universally acknowledged that意思是大家都认为，是四六级经典句型。
whereas 意思是然而…，是四六级经典转换话题类词汇
take into account意为把„考虑进去，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！
A case in point is[高分短语] 意为：一个恰当的例子，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！
[高分短语] cope with 意为：对付„，妥善处理，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！
[高分短语] once for all意为：一劳永逸地，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！
比如take into account（我不觉得它很牛的样子）、heart and soul，
play an role in等等。
[高分句型] that is the reason why的意思是原因是，是四六级经典句型。 referring to
not hesitate to
Give priority to给===优先权
Recently,a heated debate arose online in China about the "Chinese style of crossing the road", a term referring to the tendency of large crowds of people to cross roads in disobedience of red lights.
Puzzle out苦思，puzzle over
Be short of 缺乏。。。。
attach great importance to
高度重视
七、An advantage of ~ is that + 句子(...的优点是...)
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.
三、~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~ too much.(再怎么强调... 的重要性也不为过。)
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
It makes me understand that perseverance makes the impossible possible. To make a long story short
enrich one's experience 增长见识
in defiance of
不顾，无视
It ’s highly desirable for sb to do something.很希望某人做。。。
Submit oneself to...遵守
Interpret...as... 把什么理解为
Whereas 然而
Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that
/There are many ways which can be adopted to 解决问题
has nothing to do with
With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.
An obstacle set back or delay means only one thing: it's not time for your goal to be completed yet.
Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly ，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，
they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to
people ’s health by giving them due physical exercise.
had been in its glory in the period of Qianlong Emblem of Qing dynasty
1）主语从句
It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.
It is well-known that…
It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…
It goes without saying that…
It is universally acknowledged that…
It is / that
2）宾（表）语从句
3）定语从句（限定性和非限定性）
As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described… in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,
It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds spent on cigarettes every year in our
4）状语从句（时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折when, since, because, if, though, before 等） （怪物） which will devour him.
5）分词短语做定语或状语
6）倒装句 （only, neither, nor, at no time, in no case) activity known to geologists as hot spots.
7）被动句
Many people believe that…（…）
8）强调句
9) 省略句
10) What句型
11) 设问句
Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?
12) no more …than…
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
13) may as well…as 与其…不如
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
14) the ~est …that I have ever seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
15) cannot…too…
You cannot be too careful.
16) 否定+until(till)
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
17) Nothing is ~~ er than to
Nothing is more important than to receive education.
18) There is no doubt that ~
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
19) So …is…that … （如此... 以致于... ）
So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
20) Adj as…is
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
21) the more…the more…
The harder you work, the more progress you will make.
22) By doing, we can …
By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
23) It is time + 过去式 （该是... 的时候了）
It is time the authorities took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
24) Those who…
Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
25) For the past…years，sb + 现在完成式...
For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
26)Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式。
Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
27) It pays to do… （... 是值得的。）
It pays to help others.
28) Due to/Owing to/Thanks to … （因为... ）
Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
29) 不定式、动名词作主语
To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another.
30）It is no use doing sth.
It is no use crying over the spoiled milk.
31) “too…to”句型
She is too angry to speak.
32) “so…that…” “…so that…”句型
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
The teacher explains the sentence slowly and clearly so that everyone can understand.
33) “range from …to…”结构
His hobbies range from painting to playing basketball.
34) attach importance to / lay emphasis on
The government attaches great importance to the protection of the environment.
35) not… but
Tom was not there but his brother was.
36) there is a chance that …
There is a chance that we can finish the task on time.
37. instead of…+句子
Instead of telling the truth, he lied.
38. it is + a.+ for sb. to do sth.
It is convenient for us to search online.
It is necessary for you to hurry up.
39. when it comes to…+名词/动名词
When it comes to his achievements in the past, he becomes really excited.
40. partly because of… and partly because of…
Partly because of his great effort, and partly because of his talent, he achieved great success.
41. It seems as if…
It seems as if it is going to rain.
42. …也是/….也不
You agree with him, so do I.
You don’t agree with him, nor does he.
43. Only if…只有…才
Only if you go visiting the mountain by yourself, can you feel the beauty of it truly. Only in this way can you learn English well.
44. if only/ as long as 只要…就
If only you work hard, I believe you can get promoted.
四级作文常用短语
1. 许多
可数名词: a great/good many
a large number of many a +单数名词 不可数名词: a large amount of
a large sum of a great deal of 两者都可： plenty of
2. 影响
have an effect on
have an influence on
have an impact on
play an important role in
play an important part in
3. 喜好
prefer A to B
prefer to do sth.
prefer to do rather than do would rather do than do
4. 把…看作
regard…as
view…as
consider…as
look on… as
refer to…as
5. 区别
distinguish… from…;
separate… from…
divide… from…
tell…from…
6. 就我(们) 所知
As far as we know,
As is known to all,
As we all know,
As far as I’m concerned
7. 导致
result in
result from
cause
lead to
8. 阻止
prevent sb. from doing sth.
stop sb. from doing sth.
inhibit sb. from doing sth.
discourage sb. from doing sth. forbid sb. to do sth.
9. 重要的
critical, essential, vital, crucial, significant It is …to do sth.
10. 减少
diminish, decrease, reduce, cut down cut back on, decline, eliminate
11. 尽管
despite that,
in spite of,
although,
though
12. 作用
contribute to
affect
play a part in
13. 关于，鉴于，由于
with regard to
in view of
with a view to
concerning
considering
14. 以免、唯恐
lest
for fear that +虚拟语气 in case that
in case of +名词短语
15. 对比
in contrast, by contrast,
in contrast with, by contrast with in comparison, by comparison in comparison with
conversely
compared to
16. 决定
be determined to do
choose to do
17. 经常
all too often
more often
frequently
18. 好
outstanding
marvelous
terrific
splendid
excellent
distinctive
distinguished
19. 易于、倾向于
be liable to
be inclined to
tend to
be likely to
20. 努力
make an effort to
struggle to do sth.
do one’s utmost to do sth.
21. 一系列
a series of
a range of
a string of
22. 毫无疑问，众所周知
undoubtedly
There is no doubt that
without doubt
No one can deny that
It is commonly acknowledged that
It goes without saying that
It is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that
23. 事实上
in fact
actually
as a matter of fact
practically
virtually
24 为了
for the sake of
on behalf of
25. 有时
sometimes
at times
from time to time
on occasion
now and then
now and again
26. 越来越：
be increasingly + adj.,
be on the rise,
the growing number of
more and more
27. 归因于；归咎于
attribute… to
owe…to
be to blame/ blame sth. on sb. 4) 状语从句(时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等)
When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him.
Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.
5) 分词短语做定语或状语
Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.
6) 倒装句
Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.
7) 被动句
Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.
He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds.
Many people believe that„(It is believed that„)
8) 设问句
Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?
9) 比较
1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
6.Like anything else, it has its faults.
7.A and B has several points in common.
8.A bears some resemblances to B.
9.However, the same is not applicable to B.
10. A and B differ in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
10) 原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...
5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...
6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...
7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...
8. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...
9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...
10. Perhaps the primary factor is that „
11. But the fundamental cause is that ...
11) 结果
1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
2. The immediate result it produces is ...
3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...
4. Its consequence can be so great that...
12) 批驳
1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...
13) 举例
1) A good case in point is ...
2) As an illustration, we may take ...
3) Such examples might be given easily.
4) ...is often cited as an example.
14) 证明
1) No one can deny the fact that ...
2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
4) Recent studies indicate that ...
5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
15) 开篇
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...
6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.
7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...
8) According to a recent survey, ...
9) With the rapid development of ..., ...
16) 结尾
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...
3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...
5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.
6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...
7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ...
10) Taking all these into account, we ...
11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...
短语积累
be keen on
[口语]热衷于，喜爱；渴望；对…有兴趣
其结果是with the result that
A. 时间关系
1. after a while 不久, 过一会儿 2. afterward 然后, 后来 3. as soon as 一„就„ 4. at first 首先 5. at last =eventually 最后，终于 6. meantime=at the same time 同时 7. immediately 立即，立刻8. presently 现在, 目前 9. recently 最近10. since then 自从那时起
11. to begin with=to start with 首先
B.举例说明
1. a case in point 恰当的例子 2. as an illustration 举例来讲 3. for example (instance) 例如
4. for one thing„for another„一来„二来„ (相似观点) 5. on the one hand„on the other hand 一方面„另一方面„ （相异观点）6. namely =that is to say 即, 就是, 换句话说 7. firstly„secondly „thirdly „finally 8. in the first (second, third) place 第一（二、三）
9. take„as an example=take„for example 以„为例10. such as „ 例如，诸如
2.C. 解释或定义
1. in other words 换而言之2. in simple terms = simply speaking =in brief 简而言之
3. namely =that is to say=that is 即, 就是, 换句话说
D. 递进关系
1. furthermore=moreover= what’s more 而且2. in addition= additionally=besides 此外
3. not only„but also 不但„而且„4. also=too 也
E. 条件关系
1. as long as „ 只要„就„2. provided/providing (that„) 在„情况或条件下；假若，如果 3. even though=even if 即使„ 4. on condition that 在„条件下 5. supposing (that) 假设，假定 6. otherwise=or 不然；否则7. unless 除非 F.强调关系
1. above all 最重要, 尤其2. anyway = in any case无论如何 3. in fact=as a matter of fact=actually 实际上4. in particular=especially or specifically 尤其；特别 5. on no account 决不6. obviously 显而易见地7. no doubt无疑地
G. 因果关系
1. accordingly相应地; 于是, 从而, 因此2. as a result 因此3. consequently 所以，因此 4. because (since, as, for) 5. due to=owing to=because of 6. hence 所以，因此 7. now that „ 既然„8. therefore=so 9. thus 因此, 从而
H. 转折关系
1. although 虽然2. but, however, yet 但是；然而3. nevertheless (尽管如此) 还是, 然而, 不过
4. in contrast to „ 与„相对照；与„相反5. on the contrary 与此相反6. in spite of „ 尽管„
7. on the one hand„on the other hand
I. 比较与对比关系
1. by contrast /on the contrary 相反地 2. compared to/with 与„相比较3. differ from 与„不同
4. have„in common 与„有相同之处5. in comparison with 与„相比较
6. in the same way/similarly/likewise 相似地
J. 总结与归纳
1. in the short run 短期来看 in the long run 长期来看2. above all 最重要的; 尤其 3. by and large 总的说来 4. all in all 总而言之 5.in a word 总而言之一句话6. in brief 简而言之=in short7. in conclusion （表示结论）最后 8. in summary 总的说来; 归纳起来 =to sum up K.发表个人观点
1. as far as „be concerned 就„而言2. as for sb 关于；至于3. as to „关于；至于4. in one’s eyes/opinion 在„看来5. it seems to sb that„在某人看来，似乎„ 6. when it comes to„ 当谈
到„的时候
L. 引用他人观点
1. as it is known to all,„正如大家所知道的2. as sb puts it, „正如（某人）所言
3. as the proverb goes,„正如（某谚语）所说4. it is said/reported/predicted/believed that 据说/据报道/据预测/据信 5. some people hold/claim/think that„but others argue that„有人认为„但是另一些人认为„
M. 图表说明
1. The figure of the graph/table shows that„图表的数据表明„
2. according to the figure/number/statistics 根据数据/统计数据„
3. in the table/chart, it can be seen that„ 由图表可知„
4. the figure indicates/shows/suggests/proves that„ 图标表明„
5. As shown in Table 1/Figure 1, there was a gradual/sudden rise/decline in„ 正如图一所示，„有缓慢/急剧的上升/下降。6. from the two graphs, it may be inferred that„从这两个图表中，可以推断„