分类号 密级 U D C 编号
本科毕业论文(设计)
题目 商务英语和普通英语的比较
系 别 继续教育学院
专 业 名 称 商务英语
年 级 2009级
学 生 姓 名 胥东博
学 号 [1**********]2
指 导 教 师 王维
二0一二年十月
The Comparativeness of Business and
Ordinary English
XU DONG BO
October 2012
Acknowledgements: I would like to give my sincere thanks to my teacher Wang for teaching me how to write my research paper and helping me generously to revise it. Meanwhile, I want to thank the College Library from which I got enough useful information, with the help of which I finished my paper. And also I would like to thank all my classmates who gave me lots of helpful suggestions.
Abstract ： " Business English " concept supported from the forward to today, starting time is short, but the internationalization trend, English learning market be raging like a storm today, many training institutions regard Business English as its main training project. What is Business English? It is suitable for any person to read? We will just explain from our perspective, for your reference. From the current English training purposes, concluding examination training and ability training, Business English community will be middle of them. In the Chinese market, it blends in more thorough ground of international economy society,. Due to the large number of Foreign capital company's landing, The business English talents for the domestic talent market is also growing demand. But once again we highlight that Business English is not a panacea, but also it does not exist independently, many foreign invested enterprises need employees with more professional English ability - - " occupation " in English, such as ETS TOEIC and TOPE, and some of the TOEIC referred to as business English, but the two are different in their meaning and effects. For occupation English, students participate in a test and gets a certain score to prove their English language application ability. Students need and get a grade to prove its ability to bear the related work. As a matter of fact, such as TOEFL, getting high marks in the examinee does not prove its have the corresponding ability. Business English, as a specific course, stress not only the language level, but a kind of practice to enhance comprehensive quality. BEC will help students to learn how to use the English language to achieve higher occupation target. For example, the western management philosophy, psychology, how to work with foreigners and so on, they all help the students . We have to admit that English is just a kind of English occupation. Occupation English can be said to have very strong professional English, such as tourism English, legal English, medical English. But their common point is the basic English language foundation. The main characteristics of business English Teaching in their specialization, colloquial and the more targeted. In the final analysis, practical business English is the greatest feature. This is no other English courses. Accordingly,
to offer corresponding course training institutions have very high requirements.
Key words: English learning, China, Occupation English BEC
摘
短
很
什
的
培
国
的要：“商务英语”的概念从提出到今天，起始时间已经不了，但在国际化大趋势下，英语学习市场风起云涌的今天，多培训机构又把商务英语作为了其主要的培训项目。究竟么是商务英语？它又适合什么人读呢？我们仅仅从我们角度来进行一些阐述，供大家参考。 从目前英语培训的目的来看，既有考试培训，又有能力训，商务英语界乎两者之间。 在中国的市场更加深入地融入到国际经济社会之中时，内人才市场由于大批外资公司的登陆，对商务英语的人才需求也愈来愈大。不过我们再次要说明商务英语并不是万能的，也不是独立存在的，许多外企需要员工具有更加专业性的英语能力－－“职业英语”，比如E T S 的T O E I C 和T O P E ，也有人把T O E I C 统称为商务英语，其实二者是有区别的，他们的含义与作用都
项测试并得到一定
学生需要和得到的
作。而事实上，比
了相对应的能力。
的不仅仅是语言的
C 会帮助学员学会
例如
实际
语可
律英
基础
较强
这是
程的
。
西的我以语。的其培方在们说、商针他训的工不是医务对英机管作得具用英性语构理中不有英语。培有理给承很语的归训着不同。对于职业英语而言，学员参加某一的分数来证明其对英语语言的应用能力。是一个分数，证明其有能力承担相关的工如托福，得到高分的考生并不证明其拥有而商务英语，作为一种特定的教程，强调水平，而是一种实际综合素质的提高。B E 如何利用英语语言达到更高的职业目标。念、工作心理、如何与外国人打交道等等，学员以帮助。 认商务英语只是职业英语的一种。职业英强专业性的行业英语，比如旅游英语、法。但他们共同点在于都有英语的基本语言特点主要在于其教学的专业化、口语化和根到底，实用性是商务英语最大的特点。课程中没有的。相应的，对于开设相应课相当高的要求。
关键词：英语学习；中国；职业英语；BEC ；商务英语
Contents
Acknowledgments ····································································································· ⅠAbstract ······················································································································· Ⅱ 摘要 ····························································································································· Ⅲ
1. Introduction ············································································································· 1
2. The Basic Concepts of Business English ································································ 1
2.1 What is Business English ················································································ 1
2.2 The definition of Business English ··································································· 2
2.2.1The development of Business English ························································ 2
2.2.2Variety of Business English ········································································ 3
2.2.3The importance of Business English ··························································· 4
3. The Basic Concepts of General English ································································· 5
3.1What is General English ···················································································· 5
3.1.1Study of General English in China ····························································· 6
4.The Relationship between Business English and General English ·························· 7
5.The Difference between Business English and General English ····························· 8
5.1The Characteristics of Business English comparison to General English ········· 8
5.1.1 5he Lexical Features of Business of English ············································· 8
5.1.2The Sentence Features of Business of English ··········································· 9
5.1.3The Structural characteristics of article of Business English ······················ 10
6.How to learn and improve our Business English ····················································· 10
7. Conclusion ············································································································ 11 Bibliography ··············································································································· 12
1. Introduction
Write this piece of paper is intended to make the majority of English students to have a deeper understanding of English, especially business English this discipline. This article is based on business English and general English interpretations, as well as on their respective characteristics and the future development of the comparison, in order to provide some help for business English lovers. This article is from the business English history, language, sentences and Characteristics on analysis of business English, but also for College English students occupation choose , business English is to adapt to the working life of the language requirements for the purpose, content involves all aspects of business activities. Business English course is not simply to students English proficiency, ability, it is more to teach the students a western enterprise management philosophy, psychological, or even how to deal with foreigners, how to cooperate with them, working methods, as well as their living habits, from some kind of degree it is said to be contained in the concept of culture.
2. The Basic Concepts of Business English
2.1 What is Business English
In the familiar life English, academic English, business English is in the modern foreign capital enterprise the most important exchange tool, in the negotiation, communication and other business activities, business English is more important! Business English level of mastery on the survival of enterprises have far-reaching influence. Business English is a kind of function of social change, English for specific purposes is a branch, English is in the business applications of occasions. It involves the introduction of technology, foreign trade, investment, foreign labor contract and contract, international contracts, international finance, foreign-related insurance, international tourism, overseas investment, international transport and so on, these activities in which people use
English for Business English.
2.2 The definition of Business English
2.2.1 The development of Business English
In recent years, with the deepening of reform and opening up, especially after China's accession to the WTO, Business English attract more and more attention. Many universities have set up business English course, University of Cambridge in the global come about promotion of business English Certificate Test ( BEC )and it is also popular in China, the annual number of one hundred thousand candidates will join the test. One, the development and current situation of business English in the past 20 years, business English has made great development. The 60's of the last century, the early 70's, there are some different business English and general English specialized vocabulary and terminology. Some of the early material, such as the 1971 Firth ( Firth ) prepared by the " banking practice English " reflected this kind of mode. Early business English teaching principle is, according to the specific problems, in written or dialogue scenarios provided the mandate of the lexicon, for example, in the " bank " in practical English exchange, exchange management, company, account. The main content of text comprehension is vocabulary exercises as well as the random sentence structure training. The materials require students to at least medium English level, without the need to have knowledge of business; in addition, also do not consider how students use of language in real life and in business communication to improve their language skills. The second kind of teaching method is from BBC video broadcast and published 1972 " business English ", emphasizes on business scenarios in the training of listening, say, read, written communication skills. This course includes listening, drills, dialogue practice and role play. Although this kind of teaching method is still belongs to the
structure / audiovisual teaching method, but it has pointed out the direction for the teaching of Business English. Arrived to go up century 70 time metaphase 80 time, follow the general trend of English teaching, business English teaching is paying more and more attention to functional teaching method, is the use of language to perform recommendation, published opinion, agreed and other functions. This teaching method is typified by Knowles and Bailey, business English " commerce function ". This textbook provides primary listening practice, and with the tape, the main content is to date, confirm the plan, presentation, business dinner. Tape conversations with function of language practice, such as, request, agree, clarify and Cosplay. Since the 80's of last century, the teaching of business English from previous various teaching method, but it still have much emphasis to improve language skills. Business professionals must master of business communication skills, this kind of viewpoint on Teaching Business English exerted an enormous influence. Although the use of behavioral skills training of business English major students is not only task of business English teachers, but good behavior skills for successful communication effect is beyond doubt.
2.2.2. Variety of Business English
Business English are of different types, of which the most important is according to the teaching object distinct variants, namely: college students ( no work experience ) and students ( work experience ). University students mainly commercial knowledge gained from books, the knowledge structure is not complete, only the theory, but no practical experience; therefore, they do not realize the language in real business situations of the importance of communication, their expectations on language study only rely on experiences at school and national policy. However, students are subject to the influence of educational background;
in many cases, in the job they has gained some necessary experiences. This experience will make them focus on their own defects, such as, fluency, expression and understanding. College students generally have two requirements: ( 1) their task they were asked to read the English textbook or understand English lectures, thereby obtaining qualifications; therefore, their English learning is the main content of improving reading, listening skills, and attaches great importance to business vocabulary. In addition, they may also take part in the English seminar or writing essays in English. ( 2) they also need to prepare for future business activities. Therefore, English teachers in teaching students to be considered for future work nature, such as business correspondence, attend a meeting, communicate information or social interaction skills. Students are likely to have only a work related to. Sometimes they study English for a new job or a new work environment, such as, to go abroad to work. In this case, they do not know exactly what they need. However, serving students, the biggest characteristic of business English is still in use, namely the practical applications of language is more important than knowledge. In many cases, students learn English for exam; if the English exam, exam course will develop outline requirements and objectives, and teachers and students can only implement the outline. But for on-the-job students, curriculum goal and content is the teacher and the student in the coordination of the results. Learning content is flexible, even not very clear, it is difficult to accurately assess the effect of teaching. In conclusion, University Business English courses for students' training target and their later work vary.
2.2.3 The importance of Business English
As the important means of modern enterprise foreign exchange, business English play an indispensable role in it. If the enterprises are two
meshed gears, so business English is the gear lubricant. With China's accession to the WTO, foreign enterprises and talent agency have been pouring into China, because they are in the treatment, management and technical advantages, make our country a large number of outstanding talents to flow outward bowling, in order to achieve better business and training opportunities. Here it refers to the talent originally included in private or state-owned enterprises in the work of the trade bowling knowledge excellent professional talents, including the English ability of excellent teachers of foreign language talents ( especially in the country to cancel the normal and non normal graduates limit ). Business English is the Chinese staff working in foreign companies to use the most basic language, is the most important tool, so it also became stepping-stone to success into foreign. Now the University Language and professional foreign trade have set up business English course, BEC certificate become gradually popular, English training class is also pushing business English. Visible, business English is becoming more and more important.
3． The Basic Concepts of General English
3.1 What is General English
English is one of the working languages of the United Nations, and the international language. English belongs to the Indo-European family of Germanic West Germanic, and through the British colonies spreading all over the world. Due to the history of language contact, its vocabulary from the one site into a plurality, grammar is more" Inflection " than" less inflection " the voice also get regular changes. According to the calculation of the number of English speakers, English is the world third big language, but it is the world's most widely used second language. More than 60% of the world's letters are written in English in the two century,
the United Kingdom and the United States in the cultural, economic, military, political and scientific leadership almost made English an international language.
3.1.1 Study of General English in China
Chinese English current situation
The current Chinese English has four kinds of coexistence of state.1 is no difference between the Chinese habit of speaking English and native speakers of English.2 some Chinese English although do not meet or do not fully comply with the native English speakers in habit, but with the grammar.3 some Chinese English although does not conform to the grammar, but may be consistent with native English speakers in habits, can be accepted.4 some Chinese English there has yet to be called " standard English " for English native speakers, but the meaning is very clear, no understanding problems, or the interpretation will be understood, and much easier for Chinese to learn effortlessly, with handy, and it can play the function of language as a tool. In fact we should solve the problem after class is two, because it can best embody the Chinese characteristic, it is difficult to change the language habits of thinking, most presenting Chinese marks.
The development tendency of China English
Along with our country economic and cultural development, the enhancement of its international position, influence on the world continues to expand, there must be more typical Chinese " view" translated into English, so that language is influenced unceasingly rich by Chinese. According to statistics, in Oxford dictionary with Chinese as the source of the English word of more than one thousand ( 1189 ), English in the absorption of Chinese. Luo yunzhi pointed out that "the Chinese English grammar is more flexible than American English grammar. As a variant of
English, China English though has not been widely accepted, but has become an irresistible trend ".
4． The Relationship between Business English and General English Business English is a variety of the general English, while general English is a necessary prerequisite for mastery of business English. Business English is that we understand applied to the scene under the English. In fact it is fundamentally different with our understanding of spoken English, writing English. The main difference is that some vocabulary which are based on different terms, the main it is the noun. In addition to others, differences between the sentence also includes a different, basically it is in order to adapt different business occasions therefore it holds different vocabulary and sentence, constitutes a certain characteristics of business English. In essence with the ordinary English there is no difference. Business English in the workplace meets the demand for the purpose, covering the entire process of business activities, it is carrier with the language, putting the core business of content into it, regarding work personnel and work personnel who will soon enter the firm as the goal, the business activities of the commonly used in English for a kind of training. The main characteristics of business English Teaching lies in their specialization, colloquial and the more targeted. In the final analysis, practical business English is the greatest feature.
5. The Difference between Business English and General English
With the opening up and the further deepening of economic reform, the market economic system in our country gradually established and perfected, as the main carrier of international business communication business
English attract more and more attention, it is growing more important, more and more widely used as an important role. It is a fact that does not dispute, is also a kind of delectable phenomenon. Business English is the inevitable result of social development, but also the inevitable trend of the development of the English language. Business English is a branch of English for specific purposes, in certain situations, namely business occasions of using English for communication, so it is a kind of communicative ability form, both has the business activities of the professional, and used by people close to ordinary English. Language learning is to follow the law, namely to ordinary specialized, since English is a kind of Special English, it belongs to the English language, so the basic purpose of business English teaching should also be language skills training, so solid basic English language learning include business English, English for special purpose premise and guarantee. Business English is a kind of important functional variants. It is a language the people in the business activities use, and closely linked with ordinary English. If you don't learn and master business knowledge, with basic English knowledge and skills, you are still not qualified for international business. That is to say, learn knowledge of international business, to the English, not show international business activities or social activities, and that these business T author to speak English, in order to work in the greater success. So business English is the meaning of the language to the commercial success of the communicative purpose. Therefore, business English is a variety of the general English, while general English is a necessary prerequisite for mastery of business English.
5.1 The Lexical Features of Business of English
Business English is English for specific purposes, a branch of the words,
compared with common English has prominent features, mainly displays in: ( 1) Using the word official and strict accuracy, such as: losses and damages ( loss), methods and procedures, terms and conditions ( way ) ( clause ) and so on, these words are synonyms or near-synonymy, mutual complement or improve the role, to a great extent to ensure accuracy and rigor. ( 2) general vocabulary semiprofessional, in Business English, there are many common words used in specialized vocabulary. The common English words used in Business English meaning changed, so that it no longer has the common sense interpretation. For example: draft in Business English is " bill " meaning, is not in general English "draft " similar words, such as accept , document, interest. ( 3) the same vocabulary multiple business meanings, many common words in different business disciplines have different meaning, embodiment of language economy and flexibility. ( 4) archaic words and the use of foreign words; Business English appear in a large number of archaic words, commonly used with hereby ( described below), hereof ( thus ), whereas ( given ) etc.. The use of foreign words in Business English texts are much more formal. Buddha from the Latin as per ( according to ), re ( cause ), ex ( in ... Before), French such as force majeure (insurance ). ( 5) the use of abbreviation in Business English is quite common; there are a lot of abbreviated terms. The meaning of these words is single, concise. When used to guarantee that the standard, reduce error; at the same time, saving time, improving efficiency. The abbreviations are many manifestations, mainly has 4 kinds: one is the acronym; two is clipped words; three is spelled word; four is the first letter of Pinyin words. Wherein, acronyms and clipped words showed the highest frequency. ( 6) new words are constantly emerging, and mostly belongs to compound words. New words of main construction method is to combine two or more than two words in a certain order up to form
a new word. For example, with the development of digital and information technology, the appearance of Cyber cash ( electronic money ), virtual store ( virtual store ) and other new vocabulary.
5.2 The Sentence Features of Business of English
Sentence structure, business English sentence level, logic relationship is complex, but with the precise, clear sentences. General business correspondence mostly uses the phrase, simple sentence, compound sentence, and in more formal business documents and negotiations often use of long sentence, complex sentence, complex sentence, parenthesis, inverted sentences, passive sentences or special sentence patterns. Long and short sentences with business English sentence structure features. Long sentence structure is more complex with a lot of words but signifying completely; phrase is simple structure, less powerful words, signifying a concise. The daily spoken English for business and commercial advertisement language, are accustomed to a phrase by connecting words, adverbs, punctuation and other means to organically combine together; in the formal business English especially writing is also common in these continuous phrase through a variety of subordination interwoven into a large and independent compound sentence. Of course long sentences and phrases are of relative to character, the so-called " long ", not only on the length of sentences in terms of grammar, but the structure is more complex, and more clause modifiers, contains the content level in more than one sentence. In view of English business purpose, nature and stylistic features of long sentences, its occurrence frequency is much higher than other written works, the translation of these sentences, first from the grammar analysis that the first sentence structure analysis, and then further main clause relation and the modified component analysis, on the basis of understanding with various translation skills, with the
popular the Chinese translation.
5.3 The Structural characteristics of article of Business English Business English is a variety of formal and informal documents are used in the sale of goods or services business activities, or say, business English major is business English, such as: business letters, memos, reports, advertising, business contract agreement. Therefore, business English generally adopt the deductive or inductive reasoning methods or causal, comparison, analysis, persuade, display description method to organize construction articles of chapter. From the entire business English space perspective, business English text have a complete, concise ( completeness ) ( conciseness ), specific ( concreteness ), right ( correctness ), clear ( clarity ), polite and considerate ( courtesy ) ( consideration ) seven features (Village Arts, Zhou Yaozong, 1993).
6. How to learn and improve our Business English
Master of business English vocabulary and sentence patterns, familiar with business English
Discourse Since the business English including many fields, so, the learners should start from what? Some business English learners study business English courses, but still feel that the business English poorly understood. Some students participate in Business English course just to attend BEC such business English test. Exam pass obtained a certificate of competency, they still feel that is not in the business English door. Some students even received BEC examination certificate, through the levels are high, but, in practical international business activities still feel powerless, the main reason is business English base is not firm, international business related to lack of knowledge. Therefore, learning business English the first thing is that we need to learn the basics, due to business English including English listening, speaking, reading,
writing, translation, business English students must have some basis in these areas. To improve listening, speaking, reading, writing, translating the most fundamental way to level is to control as many business English vocabulary, phrases, sentence patterns and expressions used in business English. Business English students have some basic English, but concerned about the business vocabulary, phrases, sentences mastered is not much, on business English discourse are not familiar with, therefore, we should start from business English vocabulary. Through continuous strengthening English vocabulary records, on business English article structure and in-depth understanding of business organizations will help you improving your business English
7.Conclusion
Business English have a large number of rich professional terminology and other characteristics which make it different from general English. As a result of business English in international communication is widely used, so understanding of business English special point for us to learn English, carry out effective business communication has a great help. English is the international business community's common language, business English is a kind of special using English, and business English vocabulary has international and specialized characteristics. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of business English and its lexical application, not only help us to learn business better, deepens its understanding, but also in the commercial negotiations can play a multiplier effect.
Bibliography
[1] 张新红. 商务英语翻译:英译汉[M] .北京:高等教育出版社,2003。
[2]Hutchinson, T. Waters , A. English for Specific Purposes[M].Shanghai :Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press , 2002
[3]刘莉. 商务英语阅读技巧初探. 商场现代化，2007，（5）.
[4]孙耀远. 商务英语中熟悉的生词. 商贸英语，2007，（5）
[5]Hutchinson , T. Waters , A. English for Specific Purposes[M].Shanghai :Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press , 2002.
[6]Ellis , M. Johnson , C. Teaching Business English[M] . Shanghai : Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press , 2002.
分类号 密级 U D C 编号
本科毕业论文(设计)
题目 商务英语和普通英语的比较
系 别 继续教育学院
专 业 名 称 商务英语
年 级 2009级
学 生 姓 名 胥东博
学 号 [1**********]2
指 导 教 师 王维
二0一二年十月
The Comparativeness of Business and
Ordinary English
XU DONG BO
October 2012
Acknowledgements: I would like to give my sincere thanks to my teacher Wang for teaching me how to write my research paper and helping me generously to revise it. Meanwhile, I want to thank the College Library from which I got enough useful information, with the help of which I finished my paper. And also I would like to thank all my classmates who gave me lots of helpful suggestions.
Abstract ： " Business English " concept supported from the forward to today, starting time is short, but the internationalization trend, English learning market be raging like a storm today, many training institutions regard Business English as its main training project. What is Business English? It is suitable for any person to read? We will just explain from our perspective, for your reference. From the current English training purposes, concluding examination training and ability training, Business English community will be middle of them. In the Chinese market, it blends in more thorough ground of international economy society,. Due to the large number of Foreign capital company's landing, The business English talents for the domestic talent market is also growing demand. But once again we highlight that Business English is not a panacea, but also it does not exist independently, many foreign invested enterprises need employees with more professional English ability - - " occupation " in English, such as ETS TOEIC and TOPE, and some of the TOEIC referred to as business English, but the two are different in their meaning and effects. For occupation English, students participate in a test and gets a certain score to prove their English language application ability. Students need and get a grade to prove its ability to bear the related work. As a matter of fact, such as TOEFL, getting high marks in the examinee does not prove its have the corresponding ability. Business English, as a specific course, stress not only the language level, but a kind of practice to enhance comprehensive quality. BEC will help students to learn how to use the English language to achieve higher occupation target. For example, the western management philosophy, psychology, how to work with foreigners and so on, they all help the students . We have to admit that English is just a kind of English occupation. Occupation English can be said to have very strong professional English, such as tourism English, legal English, medical English. But their common point is the basic English language foundation. The main characteristics of business English Teaching in their specialization, colloquial and the more targeted. In the final analysis, practical business English is the greatest feature. This is no other English courses. Accordingly,
to offer corresponding course training institutions have very high requirements.
Key words: English learning, China, Occupation English BEC
摘
短
很
什
的
培
国
的要：“商务英语”的概念从提出到今天，起始时间已经不了，但在国际化大趋势下，英语学习市场风起云涌的今天，多培训机构又把商务英语作为了其主要的培训项目。究竟么是商务英语？它又适合什么人读呢？我们仅仅从我们角度来进行一些阐述，供大家参考。 从目前英语培训的目的来看，既有考试培训，又有能力训，商务英语界乎两者之间。 在中国的市场更加深入地融入到国际经济社会之中时，内人才市场由于大批外资公司的登陆，对商务英语的人才需求也愈来愈大。不过我们再次要说明商务英语并不是万能的，也不是独立存在的，许多外企需要员工具有更加专业性的英语能力－－“职业英语”，比如E T S 的T O E I C 和T O P E ，也有人把T O E I C 统称为商务英语，其实二者是有区别的，他们的含义与作用都
项测试并得到一定
学生需要和得到的
作。而事实上，比
了相对应的能力。
的不仅仅是语言的
C 会帮助学员学会
例如
实际
语可
律英
基础
较强
这是
程的
。
西的我以语。的其培方在们说、商针他训的工不是医务对英机管作得具用英性语构理中不有英语。培有理给承很语的归训着不同。对于职业英语而言，学员参加某一的分数来证明其对英语语言的应用能力。是一个分数，证明其有能力承担相关的工如托福，得到高分的考生并不证明其拥有而商务英语，作为一种特定的教程，强调水平，而是一种实际综合素质的提高。B E 如何利用英语语言达到更高的职业目标。念、工作心理、如何与外国人打交道等等，学员以帮助。 认商务英语只是职业英语的一种。职业英强专业性的行业英语，比如旅游英语、法。但他们共同点在于都有英语的基本语言特点主要在于其教学的专业化、口语化和根到底，实用性是商务英语最大的特点。课程中没有的。相应的，对于开设相应课相当高的要求。
关键词：英语学习；中国；职业英语；BEC ；商务英语
Contents
Acknowledgments ····································································································· ⅠAbstract ······················································································································· Ⅱ 摘要 ····························································································································· Ⅲ
1. Introduction ············································································································· 1
2. The Basic Concepts of Business English ································································ 1
2.1 What is Business English ················································································ 1
2.2 The definition of Business English ··································································· 2
2.2.1The development of Business English ························································ 2
2.2.2Variety of Business English ········································································ 3
2.2.3The importance of Business English ··························································· 4
3. The Basic Concepts of General English ································································· 5
3.1What is General English ···················································································· 5
3.1.1Study of General English in China ····························································· 6
4.The Relationship between Business English and General English ·························· 7
5.The Difference between Business English and General English ····························· 8
5.1The Characteristics of Business English comparison to General English ········· 8
5.1.1 5he Lexical Features of Business of English ············································· 8
5.1.2The Sentence Features of Business of English ··········································· 9
5.1.3The Structural characteristics of article of Business English ······················ 10
6.How to learn and improve our Business English ····················································· 10
7. Conclusion ············································································································ 11 Bibliography ··············································································································· 12
1. Introduction
Write this piece of paper is intended to make the majority of English students to have a deeper understanding of English, especially business English this discipline. This article is based on business English and general English interpretations, as well as on their respective characteristics and the future development of the comparison, in order to provide some help for business English lovers. This article is from the business English history, language, sentences and Characteristics on analysis of business English, but also for College English students occupation choose , business English is to adapt to the working life of the language requirements for the purpose, content involves all aspects of business activities. Business English course is not simply to students English proficiency, ability, it is more to teach the students a western enterprise management philosophy, psychological, or even how to deal with foreigners, how to cooperate with them, working methods, as well as their living habits, from some kind of degree it is said to be contained in the concept of culture.
2. The Basic Concepts of Business English
2.1 What is Business English
In the familiar life English, academic English, business English is in the modern foreign capital enterprise the most important exchange tool, in the negotiation, communication and other business activities, business English is more important! Business English level of mastery on the survival of enterprises have far-reaching influence. Business English is a kind of function of social change, English for specific purposes is a branch, English is in the business applications of occasions. It involves the introduction of technology, foreign trade, investment, foreign labor contract and contract, international contracts, international finance, foreign-related insurance, international tourism, overseas investment, international transport and so on, these activities in which people use
English for Business English.
2.2 The definition of Business English
2.2.1 The development of Business English
In recent years, with the deepening of reform and opening up, especially after China's accession to the WTO, Business English attract more and more attention. Many universities have set up business English course, University of Cambridge in the global come about promotion of business English Certificate Test ( BEC )and it is also popular in China, the annual number of one hundred thousand candidates will join the test. One, the development and current situation of business English in the past 20 years, business English has made great development. The 60's of the last century, the early 70's, there are some different business English and general English specialized vocabulary and terminology. Some of the early material, such as the 1971 Firth ( Firth ) prepared by the " banking practice English " reflected this kind of mode. Early business English teaching principle is, according to the specific problems, in written or dialogue scenarios provided the mandate of the lexicon, for example, in the " bank " in practical English exchange, exchange management, company, account. The main content of text comprehension is vocabulary exercises as well as the random sentence structure training. The materials require students to at least medium English level, without the need to have knowledge of business; in addition, also do not consider how students use of language in real life and in business communication to improve their language skills. The second kind of teaching method is from BBC video broadcast and published 1972 " business English ", emphasizes on business scenarios in the training of listening, say, read, written communication skills. This course includes listening, drills, dialogue practice and role play. Although this kind of teaching method is still belongs to the
structure / audiovisual teaching method, but it has pointed out the direction for the teaching of Business English. Arrived to go up century 70 time metaphase 80 time, follow the general trend of English teaching, business English teaching is paying more and more attention to functional teaching method, is the use of language to perform recommendation, published opinion, agreed and other functions. This teaching method is typified by Knowles and Bailey, business English " commerce function ". This textbook provides primary listening practice, and with the tape, the main content is to date, confirm the plan, presentation, business dinner. Tape conversations with function of language practice, such as, request, agree, clarify and Cosplay. Since the 80's of last century, the teaching of business English from previous various teaching method, but it still have much emphasis to improve language skills. Business professionals must master of business communication skills, this kind of viewpoint on Teaching Business English exerted an enormous influence. Although the use of behavioral skills training of business English major students is not only task of business English teachers, but good behavior skills for successful communication effect is beyond doubt.
2.2.2. Variety of Business English
Business English are of different types, of which the most important is according to the teaching object distinct variants, namely: college students ( no work experience ) and students ( work experience ). University students mainly commercial knowledge gained from books, the knowledge structure is not complete, only the theory, but no practical experience; therefore, they do not realize the language in real business situations of the importance of communication, their expectations on language study only rely on experiences at school and national policy. However, students are subject to the influence of educational background;
in many cases, in the job they has gained some necessary experiences. This experience will make them focus on their own defects, such as, fluency, expression and understanding. College students generally have two requirements: ( 1) their task they were asked to read the English textbook or understand English lectures, thereby obtaining qualifications; therefore, their English learning is the main content of improving reading, listening skills, and attaches great importance to business vocabulary. In addition, they may also take part in the English seminar or writing essays in English. ( 2) they also need to prepare for future business activities. Therefore, English teachers in teaching students to be considered for future work nature, such as business correspondence, attend a meeting, communicate information or social interaction skills. Students are likely to have only a work related to. Sometimes they study English for a new job or a new work environment, such as, to go abroad to work. In this case, they do not know exactly what they need. However, serving students, the biggest characteristic of business English is still in use, namely the practical applications of language is more important than knowledge. In many cases, students learn English for exam; if the English exam, exam course will develop outline requirements and objectives, and teachers and students can only implement the outline. But for on-the-job students, curriculum goal and content is the teacher and the student in the coordination of the results. Learning content is flexible, even not very clear, it is difficult to accurately assess the effect of teaching. In conclusion, University Business English courses for students' training target and their later work vary.
2.2.3 The importance of Business English
As the important means of modern enterprise foreign exchange, business English play an indispensable role in it. If the enterprises are two
meshed gears, so business English is the gear lubricant. With China's accession to the WTO, foreign enterprises and talent agency have been pouring into China, because they are in the treatment, management and technical advantages, make our country a large number of outstanding talents to flow outward bowling, in order to achieve better business and training opportunities. Here it refers to the talent originally included in private or state-owned enterprises in the work of the trade bowling knowledge excellent professional talents, including the English ability of excellent teachers of foreign language talents ( especially in the country to cancel the normal and non normal graduates limit ). Business English is the Chinese staff working in foreign companies to use the most basic language, is the most important tool, so it also became stepping-stone to success into foreign. Now the University Language and professional foreign trade have set up business English course, BEC certificate become gradually popular, English training class is also pushing business English. Visible, business English is becoming more and more important.
3． The Basic Concepts of General English
3.1 What is General English
English is one of the working languages of the United Nations, and the international language. English belongs to the Indo-European family of Germanic West Germanic, and through the British colonies spreading all over the world. Due to the history of language contact, its vocabulary from the one site into a plurality, grammar is more" Inflection " than" less inflection " the voice also get regular changes. According to the calculation of the number of English speakers, English is the world third big language, but it is the world's most widely used second language. More than 60% of the world's letters are written in English in the two century,
the United Kingdom and the United States in the cultural, economic, military, political and scientific leadership almost made English an international language.
3.1.1 Study of General English in China
Chinese English current situation
The current Chinese English has four kinds of coexistence of state.1 is no difference between the Chinese habit of speaking English and native speakers of English.2 some Chinese English although do not meet or do not fully comply with the native English speakers in habit, but with the grammar.3 some Chinese English although does not conform to the grammar, but may be consistent with native English speakers in habits, can be accepted.4 some Chinese English there has yet to be called " standard English " for English native speakers, but the meaning is very clear, no understanding problems, or the interpretation will be understood, and much easier for Chinese to learn effortlessly, with handy, and it can play the function of language as a tool. In fact we should solve the problem after class is two, because it can best embody the Chinese characteristic, it is difficult to change the language habits of thinking, most presenting Chinese marks.
The development tendency of China English
Along with our country economic and cultural development, the enhancement of its international position, influence on the world continues to expand, there must be more typical Chinese " view" translated into English, so that language is influenced unceasingly rich by Chinese. According to statistics, in Oxford dictionary with Chinese as the source of the English word of more than one thousand ( 1189 ), English in the absorption of Chinese. Luo yunzhi pointed out that "the Chinese English grammar is more flexible than American English grammar. As a variant of
English, China English though has not been widely accepted, but has become an irresistible trend ".
4． The Relationship between Business English and General English Business English is a variety of the general English, while general English is a necessary prerequisite for mastery of business English. Business English is that we understand applied to the scene under the English. In fact it is fundamentally different with our understanding of spoken English, writing English. The main difference is that some vocabulary which are based on different terms, the main it is the noun. In addition to others, differences between the sentence also includes a different, basically it is in order to adapt different business occasions therefore it holds different vocabulary and sentence, constitutes a certain characteristics of business English. In essence with the ordinary English there is no difference. Business English in the workplace meets the demand for the purpose, covering the entire process of business activities, it is carrier with the language, putting the core business of content into it, regarding work personnel and work personnel who will soon enter the firm as the goal, the business activities of the commonly used in English for a kind of training. The main characteristics of business English Teaching lies in their specialization, colloquial and the more targeted. In the final analysis, practical business English is the greatest feature.
5. The Difference between Business English and General English
With the opening up and the further deepening of economic reform, the market economic system in our country gradually established and perfected, as the main carrier of international business communication business
English attract more and more attention, it is growing more important, more and more widely used as an important role. It is a fact that does not dispute, is also a kind of delectable phenomenon. Business English is the inevitable result of social development, but also the inevitable trend of the development of the English language. Business English is a branch of English for specific purposes, in certain situations, namely business occasions of using English for communication, so it is a kind of communicative ability form, both has the business activities of the professional, and used by people close to ordinary English. Language learning is to follow the law, namely to ordinary specialized, since English is a kind of Special English, it belongs to the English language, so the basic purpose of business English teaching should also be language skills training, so solid basic English language learning include business English, English for special purpose premise and guarantee. Business English is a kind of important functional variants. It is a language the people in the business activities use, and closely linked with ordinary English. If you don't learn and master business knowledge, with basic English knowledge and skills, you are still not qualified for international business. That is to say, learn knowledge of international business, to the English, not show international business activities or social activities, and that these business T author to speak English, in order to work in the greater success. So business English is the meaning of the language to the commercial success of the communicative purpose. Therefore, business English is a variety of the general English, while general English is a necessary prerequisite for mastery of business English.
5.1 The Lexical Features of Business of English
Business English is English for specific purposes, a branch of the words,
compared with common English has prominent features, mainly displays in: ( 1) Using the word official and strict accuracy, such as: losses and damages ( loss), methods and procedures, terms and conditions ( way ) ( clause ) and so on, these words are synonyms or near-synonymy, mutual complement or improve the role, to a great extent to ensure accuracy and rigor. ( 2) general vocabulary semiprofessional, in Business English, there are many common words used in specialized vocabulary. The common English words used in Business English meaning changed, so that it no longer has the common sense interpretation. For example: draft in Business English is " bill " meaning, is not in general English "draft " similar words, such as accept , document, interest. ( 3) the same vocabulary multiple business meanings, many common words in different business disciplines have different meaning, embodiment of language economy and flexibility. ( 4) archaic words and the use of foreign words; Business English appear in a large number of archaic words, commonly used with hereby ( described below), hereof ( thus ), whereas ( given ) etc.. The use of foreign words in Business English texts are much more formal. Buddha from the Latin as per ( according to ), re ( cause ), ex ( in ... Before), French such as force majeure (insurance ). ( 5) the use of abbreviation in Business English is quite common; there are a lot of abbreviated terms. The meaning of these words is single, concise. When used to guarantee that the standard, reduce error; at the same time, saving time, improving efficiency. The abbreviations are many manifestations, mainly has 4 kinds: one is the acronym; two is clipped words; three is spelled word; four is the first letter of Pinyin words. Wherein, acronyms and clipped words showed the highest frequency. ( 6) new words are constantly emerging, and mostly belongs to compound words. New words of main construction method is to combine two or more than two words in a certain order up to form
a new word. For example, with the development of digital and information technology, the appearance of Cyber cash ( electronic money ), virtual store ( virtual store ) and other new vocabulary.
5.2 The Sentence Features of Business of English
Sentence structure, business English sentence level, logic relationship is complex, but with the precise, clear sentences. General business correspondence mostly uses the phrase, simple sentence, compound sentence, and in more formal business documents and negotiations often use of long sentence, complex sentence, complex sentence, parenthesis, inverted sentences, passive sentences or special sentence patterns. Long and short sentences with business English sentence structure features. Long sentence structure is more complex with a lot of words but signifying completely; phrase is simple structure, less powerful words, signifying a concise. The daily spoken English for business and commercial advertisement language, are accustomed to a phrase by connecting words, adverbs, punctuation and other means to organically combine together; in the formal business English especially writing is also common in these continuous phrase through a variety of subordination interwoven into a large and independent compound sentence. Of course long sentences and phrases are of relative to character, the so-called " long ", not only on the length of sentences in terms of grammar, but the structure is more complex, and more clause modifiers, contains the content level in more than one sentence. In view of English business purpose, nature and stylistic features of long sentences, its occurrence frequency is much higher than other written works, the translation of these sentences, first from the grammar analysis that the first sentence structure analysis, and then further main clause relation and the modified component analysis, on the basis of understanding with various translation skills, with the
popular the Chinese translation.
5.3 The Structural characteristics of article of Business English Business English is a variety of formal and informal documents are used in the sale of goods or services business activities, or say, business English major is business English, such as: business letters, memos, reports, advertising, business contract agreement. Therefore, business English generally adopt the deductive or inductive reasoning methods or causal, comparison, analysis, persuade, display description method to organize construction articles of chapter. From the entire business English space perspective, business English text have a complete, concise ( completeness ) ( conciseness ), specific ( concreteness ), right ( correctness ), clear ( clarity ), polite and considerate ( courtesy ) ( consideration ) seven features (Village Arts, Zhou Yaozong, 1993).
6. How to learn and improve our Business English
Master of business English vocabulary and sentence patterns, familiar with business English
Discourse Since the business English including many fields, so, the learners should start from what? Some business English learners study business English courses, but still feel that the business English poorly understood. Some students participate in Business English course just to attend BEC such business English test. Exam pass obtained a certificate of competency, they still feel that is not in the business English door. Some students even received BEC examination certificate, through the levels are high, but, in practical international business activities still feel powerless, the main reason is business English base is not firm, international business related to lack of knowledge. Therefore, learning business English the first thing is that we need to learn the basics, due to business English including English listening, speaking, reading,
writing, translation, business English students must have some basis in these areas. To improve listening, speaking, reading, writing, translating the most fundamental way to level is to control as many business English vocabulary, phrases, sentence patterns and expressions used in business English. Business English students have some basic English, but concerned about the business vocabulary, phrases, sentences mastered is not much, on business English discourse are not familiar with, therefore, we should start from business English vocabulary. Through continuous strengthening English vocabulary records, on business English article structure and in-depth understanding of business organizations will help you improving your business English
7.Conclusion
Business English have a large number of rich professional terminology and other characteristics which make it different from general English. As a result of business English in international communication is widely used, so understanding of business English special point for us to learn English, carry out effective business communication has a great help. English is the international business community's common language, business English is a kind of special using English, and business English vocabulary has international and specialized characteristics. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of business English and its lexical application, not only help us to learn business better, deepens its understanding, but also in the commercial negotiations can play a multiplier effect.
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