计算机专业英语作业：
1、请将视频“什么是电脑硬件”中所述内容用英文表示。
2、请将以下英文翻译为中文。
1）Plug and Play, sometimes, abbreviated(简略的、缩写) PnP, is a catchy(动人的、易记住的) phrase( [freiz] 短语、习语) used to describe devices(设备、装备) that work with a computer system as soon as（与„„一样） they are connected(链接的、有关系的). The user does not have to manually(手动的、用手) install drivers(驱动) for the device(装置、策略) or even tell the computer that a new device has been added. Instead the computer automatically(自动的、机械的) recognizes the device, loads new drivers for the hardware if needed, and begins to work with the newly connected device(链接设备) ，
即插即用，缩写为PnP ，这是一个容易记住的短语，它用来描述与计算机操作系统连接工作有关的设备。用户不需要为设备手动安装驱动，甚至于不需要告诉计算机已经添加了饿一个新的设备。计算机自动识别设备，如果需要为硬件加载一个新的驱动，并且开始工作在新的连接设备上。
For example, if you connect a Plug-and-Play mouse to the USB port on your computer, it will begin to work within a few seconds of being plugged(拥塞的、接通电源) in. A non plug-and-play device would require you to go through several steps of installing drivers and setting up the device before it would work.
例如，如果你在你的电脑上的USB 接口连接了一个即插即用的鼠标，它开始工作时接通电源只需要几秒钟。没有一个即插即用设备要求你通过一连串的步骤来安装驱动，也不需要在工作之前安装设备。
While Plug and Play usually refers(涉及、参考、委托) to computer peripheral(外围的、次要的) devices, such as keyboards and mice, it can also be used to describe internal(内部的) hardware. For example, a video card or hard drive may be a Plug and Play device, meaning the computer will recognize it as soon as it is installed. The only difference is that internal components(组件、部件) usually require the computer to be turned off when they are installed, while external(外部的、表面的) devices can typically( ['tipikəli] 代表性的、特色的) be installed while the computer is running.
即插即用设备通常涉及（指）计算机周边的设备，如键盘和鼠标，它也可以用于描述计算机内部的硬件。例如，一个视频卡、硬盘可能也是一种即插即用设备，这意味着计算机将会迅速识别出他们并安装。唯一的不同就是：内部的组件通常需要在它们（即插即用设备）安装时关闭计算机，而外部设备通常可以在计算机运行时进行安装。
2）What are some examples of computer peripheral( [pə'rif ər əl] 外围的、次要的) devices?
问：有哪些关于计算机外围设备的例子？
Answer:
⏹ A computer peripheral, or peripheral device, is an external(内部的) object that provides input and output for the computer.
一个电脑外围，或者外围设备，是一种提供了输入输出的计算机内部对象
⏹ Some common input devices include: keyboard, mouse, joystick(操纵杆、控制杆), pen tablet(写字板), MIDI keyboard (musical instrument(仪器、工具) digital(数字的、手指的) interface 数码音响), scanner, digital camera, video camera, microphone(麦克风).
一些常见的输入设备，包括：键盘、鼠标、操纵杆、写字板、MIDI 键盘（乐器、工具）、数码音响、扫描仪、数码相机、摄像机、麦克风。
⏹ Some common output devices include: monitor(监视器), projector(投影仪), TV
screen, printer(打印机), plotter(绘图机), speakers.
一些输出设备，包括：监视器、投影仪、电视屏幕、打印机、绘图机、扬声器。
⏹ There are also devices that function as both input and output devices, such as:
external hard drives, media card readers, digital camcorders( [kæm'k ɔ:də] 摄录像机), digital mixers(混合器、混音器), MIDI equipment.
还有一些既是输入也是输出的设备，如外部硬件驱动器、媒体读卡器、数码摄像机、数字混音器、MIDI 设备。
⏹ While these are some of the more common peripherals([pə'rif ər əl]外围的), there are
many other kinds as well. Just remember that any external(内部的) device that provides input to the computer or receives output from the computer is considered a peripheral([pə'rif ər əl] 外围的). 虽然这些都是更常见的外围设备，它们还有很多其他类型，但请记住，任何内部设备（不管是为计算机提供输入还是接受从计算机来的输出）都被认为是一个外围。
3）Binary(二进制的) is a two-digit (Base-2) numerical(数值的、数字的) system, which computers use to store data and compute functions. The reason computers use the binary system is because digital switches inside the computer can only be set to either(二者之一) on or off, which are represented(代表、描述) by a 1 or 0. Though the binary system consists of only ones and zeros, the two digits can be used to represent any number.
二进制是基于数字2的数值系统，计算机用它来存储数据和计算功能。计算机使用二进制的理由是因为数字交换机系统在计算机中只能设置为打开或者关闭，这就代表一个1或0。尽管二进制系统只包含1和0，但这两个数字可以用来表示任何号码（数据）。
4）RAM Stands for "Random Access Memory(随机存取存储器)," and is pronounced(显著
地、宣告、断言) like the male(雄性的) sheep. RAM is made up of small memory chips that are connected to the motherboard of your computer. Every time you open a program, it gets loaded(负荷的、装载) from the hard drive into the RAM. This is because reading data from the RAM is much faster than reading data from the hard drive. Running programs from the RAM of the computer allows them to function without any lag(延迟、落后于、滞后) time. The more RAM your computer has, the more data can be loaded from the hard drive into the RAM, which can help speed up your computer. In fact, adding RAM can be more beneficial to your computer's performance(性能、绩效、表演) than upgrading( ['ʌpgreidi ŋ] 升级) the CPU.
RAM 指的是随机存取存储器，被比喻为雄性的羊。RAM 由连接在计算机主板上的小的内存芯片组成。每次你打开一个程序，它就从硬盘加载程序到RAM 。这是因为从RAM 中读取数据比从硬盘中读取数据更快。从计算机RAM 中运行的程序允许它们不用滞后时间。你的电脑内存越多，从硬盘加载到RAM 的数据也就越多，它可以帮助加快你的电脑。事实上，添加RAM 可以比CPU 更有利于提升电脑性能。
5）ROM Stands for "Read-Only Memory." Please do not confuse(使困惑、使混乱) this term with RAM or a hard drive, as many people already(已经、先前) do. ROM is memory containing(包含、容纳) hardwired（电路的） instructions(指令、说明) that the computer uses when it boots up, before the system software loads. In PCs, the instructions are read from a small program in the ROM, called the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).
ROM 代表“只读存储器”。请不要像许多人一样，在内存或者硬盘间混淆这个术语，ROM 是一种包含电路指令的内存，在系统软件加载之前，引导程序引导电脑启动。在PC 机中，
指令从ROM 中的一个小程序中被读取，这个小程序被称为BIOS （基本输入输出系统）。
6）disk drive 磁盘驱动器
A machine that reads data from and writes data onto(在„„之上) a disk. A disk drive rotates(旋转、循环) the disk very fast and has one or more heads that read and write data. There are different types of disk drives for different types of disks. For example, a hard disk drive (HDD) reads and writes hard disks, and a floppy(['flɔpi] 、软盘松软的、软磁碟) drive (FDD) accesses(存取、接近、进入) floppy disks. A magnetic(有磁性的) disk drive reads magnetic disks, and an optical(光学的、视觉的) drive reads optical disks. Disk drives can be either internal(内部的) (housed（封装的） within the computer) or external(外部的) (housed in a separate box(分离器) that connects to the computer).
一种从数据中读取数据并写在磁盘上的机器，一个磁盘驱动器旋转非常快，有一个或多个磁头用于读写数据。不同类型的磁盘驱动器对应不同类型的磁片。例如，一个硬盘驱动器（HDD ）读写硬盘、一个软盘驱动器（FDD ）访问软盘、一个磁性磁盘驱动器读物磁盘，光驱读取光碟。磁盘驱动器可以是内部的（封装在电脑里）或者外部的（封装在一个连接电脑的分析器中）。
7）removable([ri'mu:vəbl] 可移动的) disk
type of disk drive in which hard disks are enclosed(封装的、与世隔绝的) in plastic(可塑的、塑料的、整形) or metal(金属、合金) cartridges(暗盒、子弹) so that they can be removed like floppy disks(软磁碟). Removable disk drives combine the best aspects of hard and floppy disks. They are nearly as capacious( [kə'pei ʃəs] 宽敞的、容积大的) and fast as hard disks and have the portability( [,pɔ:tə'bil əti] 可移植的、便携的) of floppy disks. Their biggest drawback(缺点) is that they're relatively(相当的、比较的) expensive.
在硬盘上的磁盘类型，被封装在塑料或金属暗盒里，这样，他们像软盘一样移除。可移动磁盘驱动器结合最好的硬盘和软盘。他们几乎有大容积的、像硬盘和软盘一样快的可移植性（的特点）。他们最大的缺点就是他们相当的昂贵！
8）serial(连续的、期刊) port 串行口
A port, or interface, that can be used for serial communication, in which only 1 bit is
Transmitted(传送、传输) at a time. A serial port is a general-purpose(一般用途) interface that can be used for almost any type of device, including modems(调制解调器), mice, and printers (although most printers are connected to a parallel( ['pær əlel] 平行的、类似的) port).
一个端口或者接口，用于串行通信中，在同一时间只有一位用于传输。一个串行口是一个几乎可以用于任何类型设备的通用接口，包括调制解调器、鼠标、打印机（尽管大多打印机用于连接平行接口）
9）parallel port 并行端口
A parallel interface for connecting an external device such as a printer. Most personal computers have both a parallel port and at least one serial port.
一个并行接口用于连接像打印机这样的外部设备。大多个人计算机都有一个并行端口和至少一个串行端口。
10）Pseudo code(伪代码) (derived([di'raivd] 衍生的、派生的) from pseudo and code) is a compact(合同、紧凑的、简洁的) and informal(非正式的、通俗的) high-level description(描述、说明) of a computer programming algorithm(['æl ɡəri ðəm] 算法) that uses the structural(['strʌkt ʃər əl] 结构的) conventions(惯例、会议、约定) of some programming language, but typically(['tipikəli] 代表性地) omits([ə(ʊ)'m ɪt] 省略、遗漏、删除) details that are
not essential(基本的、必要的、要素、要点) for the understanding of the algorithm, such as subroutines(['sʌbrutin] 子程序), variable declarations( [,deklə'rei ʃənz] 声明) and system-specific(特殊的、特定的) code.
伪代码（从伪和代码中派生）是一种简洁的、非正式的、描述计算机编程的高级算法，他使用结构化来规范某些编程语言，但是通常省略了一些细节，比如省略了对理解诸如子程序这样的算法没有必要的细节，变量的声明和系统特殊代码。
11）2.5 Using Function Keys
Your computer has 12 function keys, F1 through F12. The functions assigned(指定的、分配) to these keys differ(使„不同、意见分歧) for each application(应用、应用程序、申请). You should refer to you software documentation(文件) to find out how these keys are used.
你的电脑有12个功能键，F1到F12。这些指定了功能的键应用于对应的应用程序。你应该找到你的软件文件并找出这些键该如何使用。
The [FN] key provides extended functions for the notebook and is always used in conjunction([kən'd ʒʌŋk ʃən] 结合) with another key.
Fn 键为笔记本提供扩展功能而且常常与其他键配合使用。
Fn+F1 Sleep
This function will put the E1245 notebook into sleep mode(睡眠模式). The LCD will switch off and devices will switch to lower power mode(节能模式).
这个功能将把E1245笔记本电脑设置为睡眠模式。LCD （液晶显示器）也会被关闭并且设备将切换至节能模式。
Fn+F2 Fan( [fæn] 风扇) Control
This function will enable or disable the Silent( ['sailənt] 沉默的) Fan function . This will enable the user to put the fan into quiet mode if the user needs the notebook to be quieter.
这个功能将启动或者禁止安静风扇功能。这将允许用户把风扇设置到安静模式，如果用户需要笔记本电脑更安静的话
Fn+F3 Mute ( [mju:t] 沉默的、弱音器)V olume
This function will mute the volume control in Windows and all sound output from the speakers will stop. Pressing(按、压) this combination(组合) again will enable sound output.
这个功能将静音音量控制窗口和所有扬声器声音输出窗口停止。再次按下这个组合键，声音恢复到打开模式。
Fn+F4 LCD/Display-Out Switch 液晶/显示开关
This function will switch the display configuration(配置、结构、外形) for the E1425
-It will cycle between 3 modes depending on operation system settings. These 3 Modes are: 这个功能将显示出E1245的开关配置，它的3中周期模式取决于操作系统的设置。这3种模式分别为：
LCD Only-Image on the E1425 LCD
仅图像在E1245液晶显示器上
Display Only-Image(图像、影像) on external monitor(外部监视器)
仅图像在扩展外部监视器上
LCD+Display-Image on LCD and external monitor
图像在液晶显示器或者在扩展外部监视器上
12）课本P89 EX.5 把下列短文翻译成中文。
有5中类型可供选择，从＄80到＄500，佳能有一种打印机几乎可以打印任何图片。对于非正式的用户（业余用户），有佳能i455桌面打印机和i475D 。对于那些想要更好性能和单独的一台油墨打印机为每种颜色，则中和有i560和i860。对于专业的摄影师，那么佳能i9100图片打印机打印出的照片就和13、19英尺一样大。
13）What is Bluetooth Technology? 什么是蓝牙技术？
Bluetooth technology which apart from Ericsson, has gained the support of Nokia, IBM, Toshiba, Intel and many other manufacturers eliminates the need for wires, cables and connectors for and between cordless or mobile phones, modems, headsets, PDAs, Computers, printers, projectors, local area networks, and so on, and paves the way for new and completely different devices and applications.
蓝牙技术最先是有爱立信开始研制的，现在已经得到了诺基亚、IBM 、东芝、因特尔和许多其他制造商的无线支持，电缆和连接器之间以及无线或移动手机、调制解调器、耳机、PDAs 、计算机、打印机、投影仪、局域网等等，并走向崭新和完全不同的设备和应用程序中。
14）Pronounced see-dee-rom. Short for Compact Disc-Read-Only Memory, a type of optical disk capable of storing large amounts of data -- up to 1GB, although the most common size is 650MB (megabytes ). A single CD-ROM has the storage capacity of 700 floppy disks, enough memory to store about 300,000 text pages.
显然的，CD-ROM 简称只读光盘存储器，一个类型的光盘存储器能够存储大量的数据，最多可以到1GB ，但大多常见的光盘存储器大小只有650MB 。单独的一张CD700软盘的存储容量足够用来存放大约300000个文本页面。
15）Also spelled analogue, describes a device or system that represents changing values as continuously variable physical quantities. A typical analog device is a clock in which the hands move continuously around the face. Such a clock is capable of indicating every possible time of day. In contrast, a digital clock is capable of representing only a finite number of times (every tenth of a second, for example). In general, humans experience the world analogically. Vision, for example, is an analog experience because we perceive infinitely smooth gradations of shapes and colors. 同样意味着类似的（事），描述一个设备或系统，代表了变化值作为连续变量物理量。一个典型的模拟装置是一个时钟，就像手在脸上不断的移动一样。这样一个时钟能指示每个可能的每天的时间。相比之下，一个数字时钟仅能代表一个有限的次数（例如每十秒）。一般来说，人类的经验世界类比推理。例如视就是一个模拟的经验，因为我们感觉颜色和形状的渐
变是无限光滑的。
3、请给出以下缩写的中英文全称。
1) PCI 可编程通信接口（Programmable Communications Interface ）
2) ISA 工业标准结构（Industry Standard Architecture）
3) CD-ROM 只读光盘驱动器（Compact Disc Read - Only Memory）
4) BIOS 基本输入/输出系统（Basic Input / Output System）
5) CMOS
互补金属氧化物半导体（Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistor）
6) PDA 个人数字助理（Personal Digital Assistant）
7) EEPROM
电可擦只读存储器（Electrically Erasable Programmable Read - Only Memory）
8) FIFO 先入先出（first in，first out）
9) USB 通用串行总线（Universal Serial Bus）
10) CPU 中央处理机（Central Processing Unit）
4、将以下内容翻译成英文
1）中央处理器（CPU ）是计算机系统的心脏。一台计算机相对于其它计算机的速度是快还是慢，除了别的因素外，CPU 的配置起着决定的作用。CPU 是最复杂的计算机系统设备，它根据提供的指令负责指挥协调计算机系统的全部活动。当老一代计算机被新的一代计算机代替的时候，CPU 的实际尺寸往往变得越来越小，而其速度和能力却增加了许多。这种变化的结果就使得微机缩小得可以放在你的桌子上或你的膝上。
The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer system. A computer is fast or slow compared to other computers, among other factors, the CPU configuration plays a important role. The CPU is the most complex equipment, it according to the instructions provided to command and coordinate all the computer system activities. When the older generation were replaced by a new generation of computer CPU's actual size tend to become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have increased a lot. This change makes the result of the microcomputer is narrow enough to put in your desk or your lap.
2）个人计算机软件建立于特定的操作系统和计算机。操作系统软件通过一系列措施定义了计算机的性能，包括如何控制程序执行、文件如何存储和读取、系统硬件组件如何管理等。基于某一特定的PC 操作系统编写的软件不能用于其他操作系统。为了充分利用PC 机，用户必须了解操作系统的特性。
Personal computer software based on specific operating systems and computer.
Operating system software defines the computer performance through a series of measures, including how to control program working, how to store files and read, how to manage the system hardware components。Based on a specific PC operating system to write the software cannot be used for other operating systems. In order to make full use of the PC, the user must understand the characteristics of the operating system.
3）应用软件（又称作终端用户程序）是直接为用户设计的具有专门功能的软件，或在某些情况下，为另一种应用程序设计的。应用软件的例子有：字处理器，数据库程序，网络浏览器，开发工具，绘图和图像编辑程序，通信程序等。可以形象的说，应用软件位于系统软件基础上，这是因为如果没有操作系统和系统程序应用软件将不能运行。
Application software (also called end-user program) is designed for users with specialized functions, or in some cases, for another application program design. For example: word processors, database programs, web browsers, development tools, graphics and image editing program, communication program . In stead of that based on application software in the system software, this is because if there is no operating system and applications software will not run.
5、给出以下专业名词的英文缩写及英文全称。
1) 人工智能 Artificial intelligence (ai)
2) 操作系统 operating system (OS)
3) 先进后出 first-in first-out (FIFO) 4) 国际标准化组织 international organization stanrardization (IOS)
5) 能力成熟度集成模型 Capability maturity model integration (CMMI)
6、 根据UNIT 6的TextA 回答以下问题：
1) What is a operating system?
2) Why is windows NT Workstation know as a general-purpose operating system?
3) What are utilities provided for?
4) Please list the advantage and disadvantage of a multi-tasking operating system?
计算机专业英语作业：
1、请将视频“什么是电脑硬件”中所述内容用英文表示。
2、请将以下英文翻译为中文。
1）Plug and Play, sometimes, abbreviated(简略的、缩写) PnP, is a catchy(动人的、易记住的) phrase( [freiz] 短语、习语) used to describe devices(设备、装备) that work with a computer system as soon as（与„„一样） they are connected(链接的、有关系的). The user does not have to manually(手动的、用手) install drivers(驱动) for the device(装置、策略) or even tell the computer that a new device has been added. Instead the computer automatically(自动的、机械的) recognizes the device, loads new drivers for the hardware if needed, and begins to work with the newly connected device(链接设备) ，
即插即用，缩写为PnP ，这是一个容易记住的短语，它用来描述与计算机操作系统连接工作有关的设备。用户不需要为设备手动安装驱动，甚至于不需要告诉计算机已经添加了饿一个新的设备。计算机自动识别设备，如果需要为硬件加载一个新的驱动，并且开始工作在新的连接设备上。
For example, if you connect a Plug-and-Play mouse to the USB port on your computer, it will begin to work within a few seconds of being plugged(拥塞的、接通电源) in. A non plug-and-play device would require you to go through several steps of installing drivers and setting up the device before it would work.
例如，如果你在你的电脑上的USB 接口连接了一个即插即用的鼠标，它开始工作时接通电源只需要几秒钟。没有一个即插即用设备要求你通过一连串的步骤来安装驱动，也不需要在工作之前安装设备。
While Plug and Play usually refers(涉及、参考、委托) to computer peripheral(外围的、次要的) devices, such as keyboards and mice, it can also be used to describe internal(内部的) hardware. For example, a video card or hard drive may be a Plug and Play device, meaning the computer will recognize it as soon as it is installed. The only difference is that internal components(组件、部件) usually require the computer to be turned off when they are installed, while external(外部的、表面的) devices can typically( ['tipikəli] 代表性的、特色的) be installed while the computer is running.
即插即用设备通常涉及（指）计算机周边的设备，如键盘和鼠标，它也可以用于描述计算机内部的硬件。例如，一个视频卡、硬盘可能也是一种即插即用设备，这意味着计算机将会迅速识别出他们并安装。唯一的不同就是：内部的组件通常需要在它们（即插即用设备）安装时关闭计算机，而外部设备通常可以在计算机运行时进行安装。
2）What are some examples of computer peripheral( [pə'rif ər əl] 外围的、次要的) devices?
问：有哪些关于计算机外围设备的例子？
Answer:
⏹ A computer peripheral, or peripheral device, is an external(内部的) object that provides input and output for the computer.
一个电脑外围，或者外围设备，是一种提供了输入输出的计算机内部对象
⏹ Some common input devices include: keyboard, mouse, joystick(操纵杆、控制杆), pen tablet(写字板), MIDI keyboard (musical instrument(仪器、工具) digital(数字的、手指的) interface 数码音响), scanner, digital camera, video camera, microphone(麦克风).
一些常见的输入设备，包括：键盘、鼠标、操纵杆、写字板、MIDI 键盘（乐器、工具）、数码音响、扫描仪、数码相机、摄像机、麦克风。
⏹ Some common output devices include: monitor(监视器), projector(投影仪), TV
screen, printer(打印机), plotter(绘图机), speakers.
一些输出设备，包括：监视器、投影仪、电视屏幕、打印机、绘图机、扬声器。
⏹ There are also devices that function as both input and output devices, such as:
external hard drives, media card readers, digital camcorders( [kæm'k ɔ:də] 摄录像机), digital mixers(混合器、混音器), MIDI equipment.
还有一些既是输入也是输出的设备，如外部硬件驱动器、媒体读卡器、数码摄像机、数字混音器、MIDI 设备。
⏹ While these are some of the more common peripherals([pə'rif ər əl]外围的), there are
many other kinds as well. Just remember that any external(内部的) device that provides input to the computer or receives output from the computer is considered a peripheral([pə'rif ər əl] 外围的). 虽然这些都是更常见的外围设备，它们还有很多其他类型，但请记住，任何内部设备（不管是为计算机提供输入还是接受从计算机来的输出）都被认为是一个外围。
3）Binary(二进制的) is a two-digit (Base-2) numerical(数值的、数字的) system, which computers use to store data and compute functions. The reason computers use the binary system is because digital switches inside the computer can only be set to either(二者之一) on or off, which are represented(代表、描述) by a 1 or 0. Though the binary system consists of only ones and zeros, the two digits can be used to represent any number.
二进制是基于数字2的数值系统，计算机用它来存储数据和计算功能。计算机使用二进制的理由是因为数字交换机系统在计算机中只能设置为打开或者关闭，这就代表一个1或0。尽管二进制系统只包含1和0，但这两个数字可以用来表示任何号码（数据）。
4）RAM Stands for "Random Access Memory(随机存取存储器)," and is pronounced(显著
地、宣告、断言) like the male(雄性的) sheep. RAM is made up of small memory chips that are connected to the motherboard of your computer. Every time you open a program, it gets loaded(负荷的、装载) from the hard drive into the RAM. This is because reading data from the RAM is much faster than reading data from the hard drive. Running programs from the RAM of the computer allows them to function without any lag(延迟、落后于、滞后) time. The more RAM your computer has, the more data can be loaded from the hard drive into the RAM, which can help speed up your computer. In fact, adding RAM can be more beneficial to your computer's performance(性能、绩效、表演) than upgrading( ['ʌpgreidi ŋ] 升级) the CPU.
RAM 指的是随机存取存储器，被比喻为雄性的羊。RAM 由连接在计算机主板上的小的内存芯片组成。每次你打开一个程序，它就从硬盘加载程序到RAM 。这是因为从RAM 中读取数据比从硬盘中读取数据更快。从计算机RAM 中运行的程序允许它们不用滞后时间。你的电脑内存越多，从硬盘加载到RAM 的数据也就越多，它可以帮助加快你的电脑。事实上，添加RAM 可以比CPU 更有利于提升电脑性能。
5）ROM Stands for "Read-Only Memory." Please do not confuse(使困惑、使混乱) this term with RAM or a hard drive, as many people already(已经、先前) do. ROM is memory containing(包含、容纳) hardwired（电路的） instructions(指令、说明) that the computer uses when it boots up, before the system software loads. In PCs, the instructions are read from a small program in the ROM, called the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).
ROM 代表“只读存储器”。请不要像许多人一样，在内存或者硬盘间混淆这个术语，ROM 是一种包含电路指令的内存，在系统软件加载之前，引导程序引导电脑启动。在PC 机中，
指令从ROM 中的一个小程序中被读取，这个小程序被称为BIOS （基本输入输出系统）。
6）disk drive 磁盘驱动器
A machine that reads data from and writes data onto(在„„之上) a disk. A disk drive rotates(旋转、循环) the disk very fast and has one or more heads that read and write data. There are different types of disk drives for different types of disks. For example, a hard disk drive (HDD) reads and writes hard disks, and a floppy(['flɔpi] 、软盘松软的、软磁碟) drive (FDD) accesses(存取、接近、进入) floppy disks. A magnetic(有磁性的) disk drive reads magnetic disks, and an optical(光学的、视觉的) drive reads optical disks. Disk drives can be either internal(内部的) (housed（封装的） within the computer) or external(外部的) (housed in a separate box(分离器) that connects to the computer).
一种从数据中读取数据并写在磁盘上的机器，一个磁盘驱动器旋转非常快，有一个或多个磁头用于读写数据。不同类型的磁盘驱动器对应不同类型的磁片。例如，一个硬盘驱动器（HDD ）读写硬盘、一个软盘驱动器（FDD ）访问软盘、一个磁性磁盘驱动器读物磁盘，光驱读取光碟。磁盘驱动器可以是内部的（封装在电脑里）或者外部的（封装在一个连接电脑的分析器中）。
7）removable([ri'mu:vəbl] 可移动的) disk
type of disk drive in which hard disks are enclosed(封装的、与世隔绝的) in plastic(可塑的、塑料的、整形) or metal(金属、合金) cartridges(暗盒、子弹) so that they can be removed like floppy disks(软磁碟). Removable disk drives combine the best aspects of hard and floppy disks. They are nearly as capacious( [kə'pei ʃəs] 宽敞的、容积大的) and fast as hard disks and have the portability( [,pɔ:tə'bil əti] 可移植的、便携的) of floppy disks. Their biggest drawback(缺点) is that they're relatively(相当的、比较的) expensive.
在硬盘上的磁盘类型，被封装在塑料或金属暗盒里，这样，他们像软盘一样移除。可移动磁盘驱动器结合最好的硬盘和软盘。他们几乎有大容积的、像硬盘和软盘一样快的可移植性（的特点）。他们最大的缺点就是他们相当的昂贵！
8）serial(连续的、期刊) port 串行口
A port, or interface, that can be used for serial communication, in which only 1 bit is
Transmitted(传送、传输) at a time. A serial port is a general-purpose(一般用途) interface that can be used for almost any type of device, including modems(调制解调器), mice, and printers (although most printers are connected to a parallel( ['pær əlel] 平行的、类似的) port).
一个端口或者接口，用于串行通信中，在同一时间只有一位用于传输。一个串行口是一个几乎可以用于任何类型设备的通用接口，包括调制解调器、鼠标、打印机（尽管大多打印机用于连接平行接口）
9）parallel port 并行端口
A parallel interface for connecting an external device such as a printer. Most personal computers have both a parallel port and at least one serial port.
一个并行接口用于连接像打印机这样的外部设备。大多个人计算机都有一个并行端口和至少一个串行端口。
10）Pseudo code(伪代码) (derived([di'raivd] 衍生的、派生的) from pseudo and code) is a compact(合同、紧凑的、简洁的) and informal(非正式的、通俗的) high-level description(描述、说明) of a computer programming algorithm(['æl ɡəri ðəm] 算法) that uses the structural(['strʌkt ʃər əl] 结构的) conventions(惯例、会议、约定) of some programming language, but typically(['tipikəli] 代表性地) omits([ə(ʊ)'m ɪt] 省略、遗漏、删除) details that are
not essential(基本的、必要的、要素、要点) for the understanding of the algorithm, such as subroutines(['sʌbrutin] 子程序), variable declarations( [,deklə'rei ʃənz] 声明) and system-specific(特殊的、特定的) code.
伪代码（从伪和代码中派生）是一种简洁的、非正式的、描述计算机编程的高级算法，他使用结构化来规范某些编程语言，但是通常省略了一些细节，比如省略了对理解诸如子程序这样的算法没有必要的细节，变量的声明和系统特殊代码。
11）2.5 Using Function Keys
Your computer has 12 function keys, F1 through F12. The functions assigned(指定的、分配) to these keys differ(使„不同、意见分歧) for each application(应用、应用程序、申请). You should refer to you software documentation(文件) to find out how these keys are used.
你的电脑有12个功能键，F1到F12。这些指定了功能的键应用于对应的应用程序。你应该找到你的软件文件并找出这些键该如何使用。
The [FN] key provides extended functions for the notebook and is always used in conjunction([kən'd ʒʌŋk ʃən] 结合) with another key.
Fn 键为笔记本提供扩展功能而且常常与其他键配合使用。
Fn+F1 Sleep
This function will put the E1245 notebook into sleep mode(睡眠模式). The LCD will switch off and devices will switch to lower power mode(节能模式).
这个功能将把E1245笔记本电脑设置为睡眠模式。LCD （液晶显示器）也会被关闭并且设备将切换至节能模式。
Fn+F2 Fan( [fæn] 风扇) Control
This function will enable or disable the Silent( ['sailənt] 沉默的) Fan function . This will enable the user to put the fan into quiet mode if the user needs the notebook to be quieter.
这个功能将启动或者禁止安静风扇功能。这将允许用户把风扇设置到安静模式，如果用户需要笔记本电脑更安静的话
Fn+F3 Mute ( [mju:t] 沉默的、弱音器)V olume
This function will mute the volume control in Windows and all sound output from the speakers will stop. Pressing(按、压) this combination(组合) again will enable sound output.
这个功能将静音音量控制窗口和所有扬声器声音输出窗口停止。再次按下这个组合键，声音恢复到打开模式。
Fn+F4 LCD/Display-Out Switch 液晶/显示开关
This function will switch the display configuration(配置、结构、外形) for the E1425
-It will cycle between 3 modes depending on operation system settings. These 3 Modes are: 这个功能将显示出E1245的开关配置，它的3中周期模式取决于操作系统的设置。这3种模式分别为：
LCD Only-Image on the E1425 LCD
仅图像在E1245液晶显示器上
Display Only-Image(图像、影像) on external monitor(外部监视器)
仅图像在扩展外部监视器上
LCD+Display-Image on LCD and external monitor
图像在液晶显示器或者在扩展外部监视器上
12）课本P89 EX.5 把下列短文翻译成中文。
有5中类型可供选择，从＄80到＄500，佳能有一种打印机几乎可以打印任何图片。对于非正式的用户（业余用户），有佳能i455桌面打印机和i475D 。对于那些想要更好性能和单独的一台油墨打印机为每种颜色，则中和有i560和i860。对于专业的摄影师，那么佳能i9100图片打印机打印出的照片就和13、19英尺一样大。
13）What is Bluetooth Technology? 什么是蓝牙技术？
Bluetooth technology which apart from Ericsson, has gained the support of Nokia, IBM, Toshiba, Intel and many other manufacturers eliminates the need for wires, cables and connectors for and between cordless or mobile phones, modems, headsets, PDAs, Computers, printers, projectors, local area networks, and so on, and paves the way for new and completely different devices and applications.
蓝牙技术最先是有爱立信开始研制的，现在已经得到了诺基亚、IBM 、东芝、因特尔和许多其他制造商的无线支持，电缆和连接器之间以及无线或移动手机、调制解调器、耳机、PDAs 、计算机、打印机、投影仪、局域网等等，并走向崭新和完全不同的设备和应用程序中。
14）Pronounced see-dee-rom. Short for Compact Disc-Read-Only Memory, a type of optical disk capable of storing large amounts of data -- up to 1GB, although the most common size is 650MB (megabytes ). A single CD-ROM has the storage capacity of 700 floppy disks, enough memory to store about 300,000 text pages.
显然的，CD-ROM 简称只读光盘存储器，一个类型的光盘存储器能够存储大量的数据，最多可以到1GB ，但大多常见的光盘存储器大小只有650MB 。单独的一张CD700软盘的存储容量足够用来存放大约300000个文本页面。
15）Also spelled analogue, describes a device or system that represents changing values as continuously variable physical quantities. A typical analog device is a clock in which the hands move continuously around the face. Such a clock is capable of indicating every possible time of day. In contrast, a digital clock is capable of representing only a finite number of times (every tenth of a second, for example). In general, humans experience the world analogically. Vision, for example, is an analog experience because we perceive infinitely smooth gradations of shapes and colors. 同样意味着类似的（事），描述一个设备或系统，代表了变化值作为连续变量物理量。一个典型的模拟装置是一个时钟，就像手在脸上不断的移动一样。这样一个时钟能指示每个可能的每天的时间。相比之下，一个数字时钟仅能代表一个有限的次数（例如每十秒）。一般来说，人类的经验世界类比推理。例如视就是一个模拟的经验，因为我们感觉颜色和形状的渐
变是无限光滑的。
3、请给出以下缩写的中英文全称。
1) PCI 可编程通信接口（Programmable Communications Interface ）
2) ISA 工业标准结构（Industry Standard Architecture）
3) CD-ROM 只读光盘驱动器（Compact Disc Read - Only Memory）
4) BIOS 基本输入/输出系统（Basic Input / Output System）
5) CMOS
互补金属氧化物半导体（Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistor）
6) PDA 个人数字助理（Personal Digital Assistant）
7) EEPROM
电可擦只读存储器（Electrically Erasable Programmable Read - Only Memory）
8) FIFO 先入先出（first in，first out）
9) USB 通用串行总线（Universal Serial Bus）
10) CPU 中央处理机（Central Processing Unit）
4、将以下内容翻译成英文
1）中央处理器（CPU ）是计算机系统的心脏。一台计算机相对于其它计算机的速度是快还是慢，除了别的因素外，CPU 的配置起着决定的作用。CPU 是最复杂的计算机系统设备，它根据提供的指令负责指挥协调计算机系统的全部活动。当老一代计算机被新的一代计算机代替的时候，CPU 的实际尺寸往往变得越来越小，而其速度和能力却增加了许多。这种变化的结果就使得微机缩小得可以放在你的桌子上或你的膝上。
The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer system. A computer is fast or slow compared to other computers, among other factors, the CPU configuration plays a important role. The CPU is the most complex equipment, it according to the instructions provided to command and coordinate all the computer system activities. When the older generation were replaced by a new generation of computer CPU's actual size tend to become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have increased a lot. This change makes the result of the microcomputer is narrow enough to put in your desk or your lap.
2）个人计算机软件建立于特定的操作系统和计算机。操作系统软件通过一系列措施定义了计算机的性能，包括如何控制程序执行、文件如何存储和读取、系统硬件组件如何管理等。基于某一特定的PC 操作系统编写的软件不能用于其他操作系统。为了充分利用PC 机，用户必须了解操作系统的特性。
Personal computer software based on specific operating systems and computer.
Operating system software defines the computer performance through a series of measures, including how to control program working, how to store files and read, how to manage the system hardware components。Based on a specific PC operating system to write the software cannot be used for other operating systems. In order to make full use of the PC, the user must understand the characteristics of the operating system.
3）应用软件（又称作终端用户程序）是直接为用户设计的具有专门功能的软件，或在某些情况下，为另一种应用程序设计的。应用软件的例子有：字处理器，数据库程序，网络浏览器，开发工具，绘图和图像编辑程序，通信程序等。可以形象的说，应用软件位于系统软件基础上，这是因为如果没有操作系统和系统程序应用软件将不能运行。
Application software (also called end-user program) is designed for users with specialized functions, or in some cases, for another application program design. For example: word processors, database programs, web browsers, development tools, graphics and image editing program, communication program . In stead of that based on application software in the system software, this is because if there is no operating system and applications software will not run.
5、给出以下专业名词的英文缩写及英文全称。
1) 人工智能 Artificial intelligence (ai)
2) 操作系统 operating system (OS)
3) 先进后出 first-in first-out (FIFO) 4) 国际标准化组织 international organization stanrardization (IOS)
5) 能力成熟度集成模型 Capability maturity model integration (CMMI)
6、 根据UNIT 6的TextA 回答以下问题：
1) What is a operating system?
2) Why is windows NT Workstation know as a general-purpose operating system?
3) What are utilities provided for?
4) Please list the advantage and disadvantage of a multi-tasking operating system?