综合教程二 unit1 课后习题答案
Active reading（1）
3）．Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 a subject that people discuss or argue about (issue)
2 a chance to do something (opportunity)
3 the most important and powerful people in the country (establishment)
4 an area of land containing all the main buildings of a university (campus)
5 something such as a meeting or public statement by people who strongly disagree with a policy, law etc (protest)
6 to start a major activity (launch)
7 chances of success, especially in a job or a career (prospects)
8 work that you are paid regularly to do for a person or company (employment)
4）. Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.
What are the most important (1) issues for students today? Is the university (2) campus really such a different place compared to what it was 40 years ago? Perhaps, as the passage suggests, there are fewer (3) protests by students against the (4) establishment than there used to be. And of course, improving your (5) prospects of being competitive in the (6) employment market is a major concern for students everywhere, since a good university degree is the means by which you can (7) launch your career. But in spite of all this, the role of the university is the same as it always has been. It is the place where you have the (8) opportunity to learn to think for yourself.
5）.Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and phrases in the box. You may need to make other changes.
1 There were fights between police and protestors outside the US Embassy. (clashes)
2 The two parties formed a temporary political arrangement to respond to the problem. (alliance)
3 I’ve always considered myself as someone who is tolerant of other people’s idea. (liberal) 4 The chief official of an American state has a lot of power. (governor)
5 The financial situation of Western European countries rapidly improved in the 1960s. (economy)
6 The 1960s were associated with a new type of popular music. (characterized)
The 1960s were characterized by a new type of popular music.
7 Mark left college without finishing the course and joined a rock band. (dropped out)
8 For many people, listening to their music was an experience which made them feel free. (liberating)
For many people, listening to their music was a liberating experience.
9 For some people, an interest in politics went hand in hand with a strong enthusiasm for music. (passion)
6) . Answer the questions about the words.
1 (b) not very clearly?
2 (a) active?
3 (b) who disagrees publicly with the government?
4 (b) not interested in it?
5 (b) exciting?
6 (a) get smaller?
7 (a) often in touch with them?
8 (b) great pleasure?
Active reading 2
3).Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1.rebel
2.era
3.destruction
4.gender
5.assert
6.philosophy
7.industrial
4).Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.
1.rebel
2.assert
3.era
4.industrial
5.philosophy
6.gender
7.destruction
5).Answer the questions about the words and expressions.
1.a 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.b 8.b
Language in use
1.Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the suffix -ment or -ism.
1. going to do about this problem? (govern)
Correct answer :government
2. Correct answer : Postmodernism
3. led to the creation of new universities in the 1960s. (develop) Correct answer : development
4. . (individual)
Correct answer : individualism
5. The two groups discussed for a long time, but couldn't reach an . (agree) Correct answer : agreement
6. The we can make for the future is to provide opportunities for the younger generation. (invest)
Correct answer : investment
7. is the belief that men and women should be treated differently. (sex)
Correct answer : Sexism
8. Correct answer : romanticism
2.Rewrite the sentences using so / neither / nor + inversion. Follow the example.
1. The world has changed a lot since the 1960s. Universities have changed a lot, too.
Suggested answer:
The world has changed a lot since the 1960s, and so have universities.
2. I really enjoyed my years at university. Jackie also enjoyed the time she spent at university. Suggested answer:
I really enjoyed my years at university, and so did Jackie.
3. Choosing the right course is always a major problem for new students. Another major problem is organizing one's time on campus.
Suggested answer:
Choosing the right course is always a major problem for new students, and so is organizing one's time on campus.
4. I'm thinking of going to the lecture on post-colonial literature. Li Ming is thinking of going, too. Suggested answer:
I'm thinking of going to the lecture on post-colonial literature, and so is Li Ming.
5. I think the facilities in our college have improved over the last few years. In my opinion the teaching has also got better.
Suggested answer:
I think the facilities in our college have improved over the last few years, and so has the teaching.
6. We can access the Internet in our student hostel, and it's the same for everyone else on campus. Suggested answer:
We can access the Internet in our student hostel, and so can everyone else on campus.
7. I'm not very interested in politics. My friends aren't either.
Suggested answer:
I'm not very interested in politics, nor are my friends.
8. I won't be doing much tonight. My roommate won't be doing much either.
Suggested answer:
I won't be doing much tonight, nor will my roommate.
3.Rewrite the sentences using mean. Follow the example.
1. When you start out at college you meet lots of interesting people.
Suggested answer:
Starting out at college means meeting lots of interesting people.
2. If you go to bed too late you won't be able to concentrate the next day.
Suggested answer:
Going to bed too late means not being able to concentrate the next day.
3. When you do a course in Lit Theory you spend a lot of time on difficult subjects.
Suggested answer:
Doing a course in Lit Theory means spending a lot of time on difficult subjects.
4. To be interested in literature is to have an open mind about other ways of life.
Suggested answer:
Being interested in literature means having an open mind about other ways of life.
5. To protest against the Vietnam War in the 1960s you went out onto the streets.
Suggested answer:
Protesting against the Vietnam War in the 1960s meant going out onto the streets.
6. When you go to college today you spend a lot of time thinking about what you will do afterwards.
Suggested answer:
Going to college today means spending a lot of time thinking about what you will do afterwards.
4.Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. (with their „ and justice 部分最好提前，即先说学生的状况，再说学生与当权者的冲突。)
在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情地投入到自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。
2 These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spiteof it. Of course, it’s true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime MinisterBlair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (eventhough a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics).
现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010 年让50％的30 岁以下的人上大学的目标，（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。
3 I never hoped to understand the nature of my generation or how American colleges are changing by going to Lit Theory classes. This is the class where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a T-shirt with some ironic comment such as “Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt”.（第二句的主句是强调句式，汉译应在句法上稍做变通，以求类似强调语义的效果。a bit 以后的内容是进一步说明如何look cool 的，汉译可加破折号表明关系。）
我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学是如何在变化的。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T 恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T 恤衫”，或诸如此类带有讥讽意味的俏皮话。
4 We’re a generation that comes from what has been called the short century (1914－1989), at the end of a century of war and revolution which changed civilizations, overthrew repressive governments, and left us with extraordinary opportunities and privilege, more than any generation
before. (由which引导的从句比较难处理。可以在at the end of the century of war and revolution 处拆句。前半部分讲“我们”所处的年代，后半部分讲这个世纪的特点。)
我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914－1989），生于其末尾。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权，我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。
5.Translate the sentences into English.
1 政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。(give rise to; form an alliance with; launch;bring about) Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.
2 如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。从前，大学是一个象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。(shrink;gone are the days; a means to an end)
Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and the students are becoming more and more practical. Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.
3 我从未指望靠上课来学好这门课。但我确实去听课，因为在课上我能了解这门课的重点，学会如何组织材料、如何推理。(hope; by doing „; the place where)
I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures. But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason.
4 我一直想方设法解决这个难题，但就是找不到满意的答案。可是当我去厨房喝饮料的时候，我突然间灵机一动，意识到解决问题的方法实际上可能很简单。(work out; click)
Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfactory solution. But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.
课文翻译：
（一）大学已经不再特别了
有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60 年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。
20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966 年，罗纳德·里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、持不一意见的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、持不同意见的少数人。
在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情地投入到自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致了戴高乐总统辞职。
20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝
真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才得以阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米·亨德里克斯或伦尼·布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。
可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标，（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。
没有了20世纪60年代大学生发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化促进会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，它给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。
童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能是经济方面的。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友嘛，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。
“在那黎明时分活着是至福，
但年轻就等于身在天堂！”
华兹华斯的诗句说的可能是法国大革命，但是对于20 世纪60 年代的大学生而言，这样的诗
句同样真实生动。可是为什么对于如今的大学生来说，它们怎么就不真实了呢？
（二）后一切的一代
弗兰克·托马斯是普林斯顿大学二年级学生，主修文学理论专业。他希望当人权律师。
我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学是如何在变化的。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T 恤衫”或诸如此类带有讥讽意味的俏皮话。我是这样在课上消磨时间的：一边费力地听着性别理论和后殖民主义这样艰深的话题，一边用我的iPod 检索着好听的音乐。可是当我开始学习后现代主义的时候，我突然咔嗒一声开了窍。我提起精神，开始重新审视大学生活。
那么，什么是后现代主义呢？很难说，从定义角度来说，后现代主义几乎是无法定义的„„就是有点儿否定和反对先前的一切的意思。这就让人很难看清它究竟指的是什么。这一术语是在1949 年被首次使用，可是迄今为止还没有人能断定，对于文化或社会的未来，后现代态度究竟意味着什么。但对我来说，它令我感到好奇，因为后现代似乎说的正是我那些酷劲十足、困兮兮的和冷嘲热讽、穿T恤衫的朋友们。
我们在那么多方面都是“后”的：后冷战，后工业时代、后生育高峰、后9.11。我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914—1989），生于其末尾。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权，我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。
可是我们该干什么呢？我们该像历代大学生那样去造反、叛逆吗？我们要上街去一遍又一遍地高喊“不看到变化，我们决不离开”吗？不，我们做着相反的事情：我们去参战，根本不问为什么；我们放弃自己的公民自由权，我们每天在晚间新闻中观看破坏和死亡。
在大学里，我们在请愿书上签名，加入各种组织，把自己的名字添加到各种邮件通讯录中，戴为癌症研究义捐的标志腕带，观看电视转播的为非洲饥民募捐明星义演音乐会和为全球气候危机募捐明星义演音乐会――甚至去音乐会现场，假如能搞到票的话。可是我们代表什么呢？就像真正的后现代一代那样，我们无法描述我们的政治抱负，我们没有可以激发灵感、鼓舞斗志的领袖人物，我们没有哲学，我们没有方
向或主题。我们只是被我们之前的一切所定义，我们是切·格瓦拉T恤衫的一代。
这是一场运动，好像是鼓励个人集体表现自我，似乎是在等待革命。作为年轻人，人们期待我们愤怒，因为那是年轻人的正常行为。
但是，我们如何反叛怀念革命的父母一代？我们如何去反叛有时候比我们更想闹革命的父母？我们不反叛。不反叛就是我们的反叛。
我们真正的精力不是放在校园里，而是放在互联网上。它给我们提供了一个不断发展的交流思想和受挫感的机会。我们不再游行示威；我们不再到街上去，我们去聊天室。
“我们以往所知的美国大学即将终结。对我这一代人来说，与激进主义相关的是基地组织，而不是气象员组织。“校园接管”听起来不大像1968年的伯克利分校，却更像2007年的弗吉尼亚州理工学院。歌词的寓意则属于另一个时代，并不反映当今的现实。
可是，科技革命就像20世纪60年代的革命一样真实而深刻——只是不那么明显而已。它是正在推进中的未完成的事业，但它实实在在地存在。也许等到我们的父母不再说他们样样都好而我们一无是处时，他们也许会明白，后一切的一代说的话也有一定的意义。我们在书写革命，我们在用自己的语言书写革命。
综合教程二 unit1 课后习题答案
Active reading（1）
3）．Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 a subject that people discuss or argue about (issue)
2 a chance to do something (opportunity)
3 the most important and powerful people in the country (establishment)
4 an area of land containing all the main buildings of a university (campus)
5 something such as a meeting or public statement by people who strongly disagree with a policy, law etc (protest)
6 to start a major activity (launch)
7 chances of success, especially in a job or a career (prospects)
8 work that you are paid regularly to do for a person or company (employment)
4）. Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.
What are the most important (1) issues for students today? Is the university (2) campus really such a different place compared to what it was 40 years ago? Perhaps, as the passage suggests, there are fewer (3) protests by students against the (4) establishment than there used to be. And of course, improving your (5) prospects of being competitive in the (6) employment market is a major concern for students everywhere, since a good university degree is the means by which you can (7) launch your career. But in spite of all this, the role of the university is the same as it always has been. It is the place where you have the (8) opportunity to learn to think for yourself.
5）.Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and phrases in the box. You may need to make other changes.
1 There were fights between police and protestors outside the US Embassy. (clashes)
2 The two parties formed a temporary political arrangement to respond to the problem. (alliance)
3 I’ve always considered myself as someone who is tolerant of other people’s idea. (liberal) 4 The chief official of an American state has a lot of power. (governor)
5 The financial situation of Western European countries rapidly improved in the 1960s. (economy)
6 The 1960s were associated with a new type of popular music. (characterized)
The 1960s were characterized by a new type of popular music.
7 Mark left college without finishing the course and joined a rock band. (dropped out)
8 For many people, listening to their music was an experience which made them feel free. (liberating)
For many people, listening to their music was a liberating experience.
9 For some people, an interest in politics went hand in hand with a strong enthusiasm for music. (passion)
6) . Answer the questions about the words.
1 (b) not very clearly?
2 (a) active?
3 (b) who disagrees publicly with the government?
4 (b) not interested in it?
5 (b) exciting?
6 (a) get smaller?
7 (a) often in touch with them?
8 (b) great pleasure?
Active reading 2
3).Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1.rebel
2.era
3.destruction
4.gender
5.assert
6.philosophy
7.industrial
4).Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.
1.rebel
2.assert
3.era
4.industrial
5.philosophy
6.gender
7.destruction
5).Answer the questions about the words and expressions.
1.a 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.b 8.b
Language in use
1.Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the suffix -ment or -ism.
1. going to do about this problem? (govern)
Correct answer :government
2. Correct answer : Postmodernism
3. led to the creation of new universities in the 1960s. (develop) Correct answer : development
4. . (individual)
Correct answer : individualism
5. The two groups discussed for a long time, but couldn't reach an . (agree) Correct answer : agreement
6. The we can make for the future is to provide opportunities for the younger generation. (invest)
Correct answer : investment
7. is the belief that men and women should be treated differently. (sex)
Correct answer : Sexism
8. Correct answer : romanticism
2.Rewrite the sentences using so / neither / nor + inversion. Follow the example.
1. The world has changed a lot since the 1960s. Universities have changed a lot, too.
Suggested answer:
The world has changed a lot since the 1960s, and so have universities.
2. I really enjoyed my years at university. Jackie also enjoyed the time she spent at university. Suggested answer:
I really enjoyed my years at university, and so did Jackie.
3. Choosing the right course is always a major problem for new students. Another major problem is organizing one's time on campus.
Suggested answer:
Choosing the right course is always a major problem for new students, and so is organizing one's time on campus.
4. I'm thinking of going to the lecture on post-colonial literature. Li Ming is thinking of going, too. Suggested answer:
I'm thinking of going to the lecture on post-colonial literature, and so is Li Ming.
5. I think the facilities in our college have improved over the last few years. In my opinion the teaching has also got better.
Suggested answer:
I think the facilities in our college have improved over the last few years, and so has the teaching.
6. We can access the Internet in our student hostel, and it's the same for everyone else on campus. Suggested answer:
We can access the Internet in our student hostel, and so can everyone else on campus.
7. I'm not very interested in politics. My friends aren't either.
Suggested answer:
I'm not very interested in politics, nor are my friends.
8. I won't be doing much tonight. My roommate won't be doing much either.
Suggested answer:
I won't be doing much tonight, nor will my roommate.
3.Rewrite the sentences using mean. Follow the example.
1. When you start out at college you meet lots of interesting people.
Suggested answer:
Starting out at college means meeting lots of interesting people.
2. If you go to bed too late you won't be able to concentrate the next day.
Suggested answer:
Going to bed too late means not being able to concentrate the next day.
3. When you do a course in Lit Theory you spend a lot of time on difficult subjects.
Suggested answer:
Doing a course in Lit Theory means spending a lot of time on difficult subjects.
4. To be interested in literature is to have an open mind about other ways of life.
Suggested answer:
Being interested in literature means having an open mind about other ways of life.
5. To protest against the Vietnam War in the 1960s you went out onto the streets.
Suggested answer:
Protesting against the Vietnam War in the 1960s meant going out onto the streets.
6. When you go to college today you spend a lot of time thinking about what you will do afterwards.
Suggested answer:
Going to college today means spending a lot of time thinking about what you will do afterwards.
4.Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1 On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. (with their „ and justice 部分最好提前，即先说学生的状况，再说学生与当权者的冲突。)
在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情地投入到自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。
2 These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spiteof it. Of course, it’s true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime MinisterBlair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (eventhough a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics).
现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010 年让50％的30 岁以下的人上大学的目标，（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。
3 I never hoped to understand the nature of my generation or how American colleges are changing by going to Lit Theory classes. This is the class where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a T-shirt with some ironic comment such as “Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt”.（第二句的主句是强调句式，汉译应在句法上稍做变通，以求类似强调语义的效果。a bit 以后的内容是进一步说明如何look cool 的，汉译可加破折号表明关系。）
我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学是如何在变化的。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T 恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T 恤衫”，或诸如此类带有讥讽意味的俏皮话。
4 We’re a generation that comes from what has been called the short century (1914－1989), at the end of a century of war and revolution which changed civilizations, overthrew repressive governments, and left us with extraordinary opportunities and privilege, more than any generation
before. (由which引导的从句比较难处理。可以在at the end of the century of war and revolution 处拆句。前半部分讲“我们”所处的年代，后半部分讲这个世纪的特点。)
我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914－1989），生于其末尾。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权，我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。
5.Translate the sentences into English.
1 政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。(give rise to; form an alliance with; launch;bring about) Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.
2 如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。从前，大学是一个象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。(shrink;gone are the days; a means to an end)
Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and the students are becoming more and more practical. Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.
3 我从未指望靠上课来学好这门课。但我确实去听课，因为在课上我能了解这门课的重点，学会如何组织材料、如何推理。(hope; by doing „; the place where)
I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures. But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason.
4 我一直想方设法解决这个难题，但就是找不到满意的答案。可是当我去厨房喝饮料的时候，我突然间灵机一动，意识到解决问题的方法实际上可能很简单。(work out; click)
Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfactory solution. But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.
课文翻译：
（一）大学已经不再特别了
有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60 年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。
20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966 年，罗纳德·里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、持不一意见的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、持不同意见的少数人。
在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情地投入到自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致了戴高乐总统辞职。
20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝
真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才得以阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米·亨德里克斯或伦尼·布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。
可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标，（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。
没有了20世纪60年代大学生发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化促进会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，它给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。
童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能是经济方面的。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友嘛，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。
“在那黎明时分活着是至福，
但年轻就等于身在天堂！”
华兹华斯的诗句说的可能是法国大革命，但是对于20 世纪60 年代的大学生而言，这样的诗
句同样真实生动。可是为什么对于如今的大学生来说，它们怎么就不真实了呢？
（二）后一切的一代
弗兰克·托马斯是普林斯顿大学二年级学生，主修文学理论专业。他希望当人权律师。
我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学是如何在变化的。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T 恤衫”或诸如此类带有讥讽意味的俏皮话。我是这样在课上消磨时间的：一边费力地听着性别理论和后殖民主义这样艰深的话题，一边用我的iPod 检索着好听的音乐。可是当我开始学习后现代主义的时候，我突然咔嗒一声开了窍。我提起精神，开始重新审视大学生活。
那么，什么是后现代主义呢？很难说，从定义角度来说，后现代主义几乎是无法定义的„„就是有点儿否定和反对先前的一切的意思。这就让人很难看清它究竟指的是什么。这一术语是在1949 年被首次使用，可是迄今为止还没有人能断定，对于文化或社会的未来，后现代态度究竟意味着什么。但对我来说，它令我感到好奇，因为后现代似乎说的正是我那些酷劲十足、困兮兮的和冷嘲热讽、穿T恤衫的朋友们。
我们在那么多方面都是“后”的：后冷战，后工业时代、后生育高峰、后9.11。我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914—1989），生于其末尾。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权，我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。
可是我们该干什么呢？我们该像历代大学生那样去造反、叛逆吗？我们要上街去一遍又一遍地高喊“不看到变化，我们决不离开”吗？不，我们做着相反的事情：我们去参战，根本不问为什么；我们放弃自己的公民自由权，我们每天在晚间新闻中观看破坏和死亡。
在大学里，我们在请愿书上签名，加入各种组织，把自己的名字添加到各种邮件通讯录中，戴为癌症研究义捐的标志腕带，观看电视转播的为非洲饥民募捐明星义演音乐会和为全球气候危机募捐明星义演音乐会――甚至去音乐会现场，假如能搞到票的话。可是我们代表什么呢？就像真正的后现代一代那样，我们无法描述我们的政治抱负，我们没有可以激发灵感、鼓舞斗志的领袖人物，我们没有哲学，我们没有方
向或主题。我们只是被我们之前的一切所定义，我们是切·格瓦拉T恤衫的一代。
这是一场运动，好像是鼓励个人集体表现自我，似乎是在等待革命。作为年轻人，人们期待我们愤怒，因为那是年轻人的正常行为。
但是，我们如何反叛怀念革命的父母一代？我们如何去反叛有时候比我们更想闹革命的父母？我们不反叛。不反叛就是我们的反叛。
我们真正的精力不是放在校园里，而是放在互联网上。它给我们提供了一个不断发展的交流思想和受挫感的机会。我们不再游行示威；我们不再到街上去，我们去聊天室。
“我们以往所知的美国大学即将终结。对我这一代人来说，与激进主义相关的是基地组织，而不是气象员组织。“校园接管”听起来不大像1968年的伯克利分校，却更像2007年的弗吉尼亚州理工学院。歌词的寓意则属于另一个时代，并不反映当今的现实。
可是，科技革命就像20世纪60年代的革命一样真实而深刻——只是不那么明显而已。它是正在推进中的未完成的事业，但它实实在在地存在。也许等到我们的父母不再说他们样样都好而我们一无是处时，他们也许会明白，后一切的一代说的话也有一定的意义。我们在书写革命，我们在用自己的语言书写革命。