高考英语作文指导—— 议论文
Knowledge Objectives
To help the students to learn the basic writing skills on Argumentative Composition
Compentence Objectives
To help the students to grasp their basic writing skills
To practice writing skills.(detailed information& general idea)
Emotion Objectives To cultivate the love of writing
Teaching approach: Communicative approach
Teaching Aids: Multi-Media
Difficult points :
Teaching procedures:
I. Pre-task: Revision
Lead-in
II. While task:Learn some basic writing skills on Argumentative Composition
（一） 英文议论文的结构特点 汉语写作对文章结构的要求不是很高，如开头段应
该包括什么、论题句应该在什么时候出现、文章的结尾是否必须总结全文等等。而英
语写作要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间
和结尾都有严格的要求。
简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、 观点鲜明的开头；
2、 紧扣主题的结尾；
3、 有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。
所以，既然高考英语考的是英语文章，大家就应该遵循英文议论文的写作思
路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支持；表示反对就彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙
头草两边倒”的做法。
（二）英语议论文写作要点:
straight:开门见山，直来直去。
brief:文章“简为贵”，要抓住要点，简明扼要。
coherence: 文理通顺，前后连贯。
division:词汇、句子、段落要分配使用得当，划分要清楚，避免使用重复字句和片段。
ambiguity:尽量不用可能会引起歧义的词语或句子。
Key：用适当的关键词突出主题，每段都应有主题句。
omit:合理删除多余的不必要部分。
sentence pattern:句型要尽量多样化。
tense:动词时态要正确、一致、变化合理。
(三)英语议论文写作手法
1. 引言段
高考英语议论文的引言可以有两部分组成：现象+观点。
现象就来自作文题目。所以学生必须要理解题目中的每句话，把题目中的中文用英语
表达出来就能成为不错的开篇。然后再开门见山地亮出自己的观点。
2. 主体段
要想写好英语议论文，就要讲究好的论证方法。
一般说来，有两种方法可采用，一是逻辑说理，即“晓之以理”；一是从感情上打动
他人，即“动之以情”。这两种方法并不是孤立地出现，往往是你中有我，我中有你。
除此以外，我们还可以运用：
① 引证法(即引用一些名人名言、成语、格言、谚语灯作为论据)；
② 例证法(即举例来进行论证 )
③ 喻证法(用比喻的方法来论证事理，把深奥、抽象的事理表述得浅显易懂，使文章
既生动又形象 )
④ 对比论证法(通过对事物的正反两个方面的对比来分析论证，使文章的表达效果更
强烈，给人留下深刻印象 )
⑤ 归纳法 (从分析典型，即分析个别事物入手，找出事物的共同特点，然后得出结
论。)
⑥ 推理法 (从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析，而后得出结论)
⑦ 驳论法 (先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，最后阐明自己的观点)。
在主体段中，务必要牢记应采用先分后总的手法——先亮出主题句，然后再用发展句
充实段落。你必须围绕着引言段的观点展开，千万不能让人觉得的的文章段落之间没
有衔接。
此外，在主体段中要恰当地使用过渡词，有明显的层次感，引领阅读者一层一层地根
据你的分论点走向最终你要阐述的观点。
3. 结尾段
结论，用一、二句话来结束文章，做到首尾呼应。一定要再次澄清你的观点，切记与
引言段的观点一致，建议用不同的词句法表达一个意思。
(四)、英语议论文范文
Private Tutors
With the development od science and society, more and more students are keen to take
on private tutors.
Some people think taking on a private tutor is good for students in some ways. The tutor can answer the students’questions individually and carefully and give them detailed advice; some private tutors assign their students more exercises to do and the students will learn extra knowledge from their tutors; it is known to us all that a good and
experienced teacher can help his students to review their lessons in a very good way so that they can have a better understanding of the knowledge learned in class, which is help to them in their examinations.
But every coin has two sides. Some people look upon it with disapproval. They hold the opinion that the students rely too much on their tutor and they even take little notice of what their own teacher says in class; the private tutor assigns them to do a lot of extra exercises, thus occupying plenty of rheir spare time and they will be too worn out; contrary to what their parents hope, their studies become worse than before.
So it is hard to say whether taking on a private tutor is good or not. It all depends on the individual. But in my opinion, if you want to take on a private tutor, you should choose one carefully since he or she will have a great impact on your studies.
Money for Education
In my opinion, it is worthwhile to spend more of the money in order to have the
children better educated.
First, as there are more than 40 or even 50 students in a class, in most cases,
teachers can not take care of all the students in class. Therefore many students have to attend spare time classes or even go to the tutors to make up for this.
Second, we are now in the 21 century. With the development of society, only those
who have a good education are more likely to get good jobs. So the more we learn now, the more chances we will have in the future. Of course we will get a high pay.
In a word, spending money on education is certainly rewarding. st
III. Post-task ( Each composition 120-150 words)
请你谈谈在学习上遇到困难时，如何想办法去解决，如何克服这些困难？
IV. Sentence patterns:
I think/believe that„
The point is that„.
In my opinion„
From my point of view„
As for me„
As far as I am concerned„
We must recognize that„
There is no doubt that„
The main reason is that„
As we all know„
V. Summary: VI. Assignment: ( Each composition 120-150 words)
1.每一位高三的学生都面临着巨大的压力。对压力，高三的学生看法不一，有的害怕
压力；但有的却认为压力不是件坏事。请你谈谈你的看法。
2 .2010年世博会将在上海举行。为了办好这次国际盛会，上海市将进一步改善环境。
与此同时， 提高市民的素质和修养也势在必行，因为文明的举止在国际交往中非
常重要。作为年轻人，我们自身也存在着一些不文明行为。请例举你所观察到的2-3
种不文明行为（如：大小便后不及时冲刷；随地乱扔纸屑、废物；随地吐痰；插队„）
并就此做出评论或提出建议。
Feed-back
高考英语书面表达常用词汇句型集锦
▲举例：for example，for instance，take„for example，such as，like，and so on，so on and so forth，
and so on and on and on， etc.等。
▲说明：that's to say，in other words，namely，等。
▲因果：so，for，therefore，as a result，thus，because，because of，thanks to„，owing to„，due to „
等
▲递进：then，besides，in addition， furthermore，moreover， what's more等。
▲顺序：firstly， secondly，thirdly， finally；in the first place，in the second place， in the third place，
To begin with，then，furthermore，finally；to start with， next， in addition，finally；first and foremost
besides， last but not least；most important of all，moreover，finally（以上为时间顺序）
in the front of，in front of „，before， behind， at the back of， on the right/left（of），to
the right /left of„，on the other side of „，in the center of „，in the middle of „，at the
beginning of ，
at the end of „，by the side of „，on the top of „，at the foot of „，on the bottom of，
inside，outside， upstairs， downstairs（以上为空间顺序）
▲转折：nevertheless，however，although， though， but，on the country，after all， oppositely等。 ▲总结： in short， in a word， in general， generally speaking， finally，at last，as far as I know，
in brief， briefly speaking， in the end， as a matter of fact， in reality， in fact， on the whole，
in conclusion， on account of this， therefore等。
▲强调： really， indeed，certainly，surely，for sure， above all等。
▲对比： in the same way，just as，in common with， compared with，
on the one hand„on the other hand， for one thing„ for another，similarly等。
▲平行：and，both„and，as well as，as well，neither„nor„or，either„or，not only„but also等。
二、书面表达的常考常用句型在实际的英语写作中，我们应该掌握一些常用的句型以便在实战中发
挥作用。高考英语书面表达的句式基本上都是简单句，就是复合句也大都是极普通的常用句式或句
型。先讨论简单句的使用情况。所谓简单句式在英语中无非是三种基本句型及其扩充。
一类是S.+V.+O.式，例如，①I like English and computer best. （NMET1996）
②I started school from 1984 to 1990.（NMET1996）
二类是S.+V.+Adv.式，例如，① My parents live in the country.（NMET1993）
②The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. （NMET1997）
三类是S.+V.+Pre. 例如，①My name is Li Hua.（NMET1996）
②The playground is now in front of the school.（NMET1999）
③It was 7：15 on the morning of February 8，2000. （NMET2000）
高考英语书面表达中的复合句式多为带时间状语从句的复合句和带宾语从句的复合句，其他如强调
句型、带定语从句的复合句、带主语从句的复合句、 条件句、让步或转折的句式等， 也是常见常
用常考的复合句形式。有些复合句式几乎年年都考。复合句虽可化简，但就一篇文章而言，若全是
简单句，无一复合句或难句起采，难见考生功力，得高分就不容易了。所以，该用复合句或难句表
现的，而且自信没什么问题，就应大胆写出来， 考生切记。
1. 带时间状语从句的复合句①
②It's also possible a pickpocket stole your money while you were shopping. （2004北京卷）
这类时间状语从句不仅考得频繁，而且连词when， while， as， before， after甚至by the time
都考到了，时态上现在时、过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时等都出现了。而且有些年份带时间状
语从句的复合句还同时出现多次。因此我们建议广大考生应加强训练这类复合句，在高考中尽量少
犯错误。
2. 带宾语从句的复合句
①I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent， and how well you've learned Chinese. （NMET2004， I）
②I am so sorry that I won't be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon.
（NMET2004， III）
③I would also think that the growth population should be brought under control so that we'll have a better
hometown in future. （2004江苏卷）
3. 带定语从句的复合句
①If there is anything I can do for you， I would be more than glad to help. （NMET2004， I）
②As is shown on Chart 2， only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. （2004北京卷）
4. 其他
▲强调句型 It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister. （NMET1993）
▲带主语从句的复合句
①Here is how you can find us
②On the other side， where the playground used to be now stands another new building-our library.（NMET1999）
▲so that句型：
①I became so impatient that I had to go to explain my difficulty. （2004广东卷）
②I am so sorry that I won't be able to „tomorrow afternoon. （NMET2004， III）
③The noise was so loud that I couldn't go on studying. （2004广东卷）
▲让步或转折：
①I don't know about others， but I used to have to work even at weekends doing homework and attending classes as well. （NMET2001）
②Although the city is modern and convenient， there are still some problems， such as air pollution， crowdedness and noise.
▲条件句： ①If there is anything I can do for you， I would be more than glad to help. （NMET2004，
I）
三、书面表达开头和结尾的写作
1.书面表达的开头俗话说万事开头难。其实，一点也不难。高考英语书面表达的开头句一般已为你写好。你要做的是分段缩进重起第二段。注意千万不要接着已写好的首句。一是不美观，二是不便于阅卷老师细览。那么你的起头句实际上是第二段了。开始句根据要求一般可以写的漂亮一点，即要用一些好的套语开始。比如：
①As is shown on Chart 2， only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.（2004北京卷） 可是很多考生总在开头处写的不尽如人意，总喜欢搞一些生造的句子或词语来开头，这是一大忌。有些开头可以以套语开始，或以俗语开始比较有力，这样就容易被老师看好。档位在开始时就已定得很高了。
2.书面表达的结尾：⑦⑧结尾在书面表达的写作中占有很重要的地位，通常结尾都要算一个内容要求，所以，写好结尾且让阅卷老师有一个完整的印象是十分必要的。好的结尾可以是一段，由一句或几句话组成，能使全文增色。例如：
①If there is anything I can do for you， I would be more than glad to help.（ 2004全国卷I）
②It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.
③What's more， some statues of famous people will be set up to encourage us to work harder. Don't you
think it a wonderful program？ （2004福建卷）
④In short， the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.（2004湖北卷）
但是，在实际的操作中，许多考生却不知如何来结尾，原本一、两句话或极少的表达就可很圆满地完成写作任务，往往又旁生枝节，写上一些废话，甚至错话，结果因表达不当又被扣分。以2009高考卷的书面表达试题考生的错误中，可以看出很多考生是吃力不讨好的。结尾中主要的错误体现在不必要的累赘和废话上面：
高考英语作文指导—— 议论文
Knowledge Objectives
To help the students to learn the basic writing skills on Argumentative Composition
Compentence Objectives
To help the students to grasp their basic writing skills
To practice writing skills.(detailed information& general idea)
Emotion Objectives To cultivate the love of writing
Teaching approach: Communicative approach
Teaching Aids: Multi-Media
Difficult points :
Teaching procedures:
I. Pre-task: Revision
Lead-in
II. While task:Learn some basic writing skills on Argumentative Composition
（一） 英文议论文的结构特点 汉语写作对文章结构的要求不是很高，如开头段应
该包括什么、论题句应该在什么时候出现、文章的结尾是否必须总结全文等等。而英
语写作要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间
和结尾都有严格的要求。
简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、 观点鲜明的开头；
2、 紧扣主题的结尾；
3、 有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。
所以，既然高考英语考的是英语文章，大家就应该遵循英文议论文的写作思
路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支持；表示反对就彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙
头草两边倒”的做法。
（二）英语议论文写作要点:
straight:开门见山，直来直去。
brief:文章“简为贵”，要抓住要点，简明扼要。
coherence: 文理通顺，前后连贯。
division:词汇、句子、段落要分配使用得当，划分要清楚，避免使用重复字句和片段。
ambiguity:尽量不用可能会引起歧义的词语或句子。
Key：用适当的关键词突出主题，每段都应有主题句。
omit:合理删除多余的不必要部分。
sentence pattern:句型要尽量多样化。
tense:动词时态要正确、一致、变化合理。
(三)英语议论文写作手法
1. 引言段
高考英语议论文的引言可以有两部分组成：现象+观点。
现象就来自作文题目。所以学生必须要理解题目中的每句话，把题目中的中文用英语
表达出来就能成为不错的开篇。然后再开门见山地亮出自己的观点。
2. 主体段
要想写好英语议论文，就要讲究好的论证方法。
一般说来，有两种方法可采用，一是逻辑说理，即“晓之以理”；一是从感情上打动
他人，即“动之以情”。这两种方法并不是孤立地出现，往往是你中有我，我中有你。
除此以外，我们还可以运用：
① 引证法(即引用一些名人名言、成语、格言、谚语灯作为论据)；
② 例证法(即举例来进行论证 )
③ 喻证法(用比喻的方法来论证事理，把深奥、抽象的事理表述得浅显易懂，使文章
既生动又形象 )
④ 对比论证法(通过对事物的正反两个方面的对比来分析论证，使文章的表达效果更
强烈，给人留下深刻印象 )
⑤ 归纳法 (从分析典型，即分析个别事物入手，找出事物的共同特点，然后得出结
论。)
⑥ 推理法 (从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析，而后得出结论)
⑦ 驳论法 (先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，最后阐明自己的观点)。
在主体段中，务必要牢记应采用先分后总的手法——先亮出主题句，然后再用发展句
充实段落。你必须围绕着引言段的观点展开，千万不能让人觉得的的文章段落之间没
有衔接。
此外，在主体段中要恰当地使用过渡词，有明显的层次感，引领阅读者一层一层地根
据你的分论点走向最终你要阐述的观点。
3. 结尾段
结论，用一、二句话来结束文章，做到首尾呼应。一定要再次澄清你的观点，切记与
引言段的观点一致，建议用不同的词句法表达一个意思。
(四)、英语议论文范文
Private Tutors
With the development od science and society, more and more students are keen to take
on private tutors.
Some people think taking on a private tutor is good for students in some ways. The tutor can answer the students’questions individually and carefully and give them detailed advice; some private tutors assign their students more exercises to do and the students will learn extra knowledge from their tutors; it is known to us all that a good and
experienced teacher can help his students to review their lessons in a very good way so that they can have a better understanding of the knowledge learned in class, which is help to them in their examinations.
But every coin has two sides. Some people look upon it with disapproval. They hold the opinion that the students rely too much on their tutor and they even take little notice of what their own teacher says in class; the private tutor assigns them to do a lot of extra exercises, thus occupying plenty of rheir spare time and they will be too worn out; contrary to what their parents hope, their studies become worse than before.
So it is hard to say whether taking on a private tutor is good or not. It all depends on the individual. But in my opinion, if you want to take on a private tutor, you should choose one carefully since he or she will have a great impact on your studies.
Money for Education
In my opinion, it is worthwhile to spend more of the money in order to have the
children better educated.
First, as there are more than 40 or even 50 students in a class, in most cases,
teachers can not take care of all the students in class. Therefore many students have to attend spare time classes or even go to the tutors to make up for this.
Second, we are now in the 21 century. With the development of society, only those
who have a good education are more likely to get good jobs. So the more we learn now, the more chances we will have in the future. Of course we will get a high pay.
In a word, spending money on education is certainly rewarding. st
III. Post-task ( Each composition 120-150 words)
请你谈谈在学习上遇到困难时，如何想办法去解决，如何克服这些困难？
IV. Sentence patterns:
I think/believe that„
The point is that„.
In my opinion„
From my point of view„
As for me„
As far as I am concerned„
We must recognize that„
There is no doubt that„
The main reason is that„
As we all know„
V. Summary: VI. Assignment: ( Each composition 120-150 words)
1.每一位高三的学生都面临着巨大的压力。对压力，高三的学生看法不一，有的害怕
压力；但有的却认为压力不是件坏事。请你谈谈你的看法。
2 .2010年世博会将在上海举行。为了办好这次国际盛会，上海市将进一步改善环境。
与此同时， 提高市民的素质和修养也势在必行，因为文明的举止在国际交往中非
常重要。作为年轻人，我们自身也存在着一些不文明行为。请例举你所观察到的2-3
种不文明行为（如：大小便后不及时冲刷；随地乱扔纸屑、废物；随地吐痰；插队„）
并就此做出评论或提出建议。
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高考英语书面表达常用词汇句型集锦
▲举例：for example，for instance，take„for example，such as，like，and so on，so on and so forth，
and so on and on and on， etc.等。
▲说明：that's to say，in other words，namely，等。
▲因果：so，for，therefore，as a result，thus，because，because of，thanks to„，owing to„，due to „
等
▲递进：then，besides，in addition， furthermore，moreover， what's more等。
▲顺序：firstly， secondly，thirdly， finally；in the first place，in the second place， in the third place，
To begin with，then，furthermore，finally；to start with， next， in addition，finally；first and foremost
besides， last but not least；most important of all，moreover，finally（以上为时间顺序）
in the front of，in front of „，before， behind， at the back of， on the right/left（of），to
the right /left of„，on the other side of „，in the center of „，in the middle of „，at the
beginning of ，
at the end of „，by the side of „，on the top of „，at the foot of „，on the bottom of，
inside，outside， upstairs， downstairs（以上为空间顺序）
▲转折：nevertheless，however，although， though， but，on the country，after all， oppositely等。 ▲总结： in short， in a word， in general， generally speaking， finally，at last，as far as I know，
in brief， briefly speaking， in the end， as a matter of fact， in reality， in fact， on the whole，
in conclusion， on account of this， therefore等。
▲强调： really， indeed，certainly，surely，for sure， above all等。
▲对比： in the same way，just as，in common with， compared with，
on the one hand„on the other hand， for one thing„ for another，similarly等。
▲平行：and，both„and，as well as，as well，neither„nor„or，either„or，not only„but also等。
二、书面表达的常考常用句型在实际的英语写作中，我们应该掌握一些常用的句型以便在实战中发
挥作用。高考英语书面表达的句式基本上都是简单句，就是复合句也大都是极普通的常用句式或句
型。先讨论简单句的使用情况。所谓简单句式在英语中无非是三种基本句型及其扩充。
一类是S.+V.+O.式，例如，①I like English and computer best. （NMET1996）
②I started school from 1984 to 1990.（NMET1996）
二类是S.+V.+Adv.式，例如，① My parents live in the country.（NMET1993）
②The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. （NMET1997）
三类是S.+V.+Pre. 例如，①My name is Li Hua.（NMET1996）
②The playground is now in front of the school.（NMET1999）
③It was 7：15 on the morning of February 8，2000. （NMET2000）
高考英语书面表达中的复合句式多为带时间状语从句的复合句和带宾语从句的复合句，其他如强调
句型、带定语从句的复合句、带主语从句的复合句、 条件句、让步或转折的句式等， 也是常见常
用常考的复合句形式。有些复合句式几乎年年都考。复合句虽可化简，但就一篇文章而言，若全是
简单句，无一复合句或难句起采，难见考生功力，得高分就不容易了。所以，该用复合句或难句表
现的，而且自信没什么问题，就应大胆写出来， 考生切记。
1. 带时间状语从句的复合句①
②It's also possible a pickpocket stole your money while you were shopping. （2004北京卷）
这类时间状语从句不仅考得频繁，而且连词when， while， as， before， after甚至by the time
都考到了，时态上现在时、过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时等都出现了。而且有些年份带时间状
语从句的复合句还同时出现多次。因此我们建议广大考生应加强训练这类复合句，在高考中尽量少
犯错误。
2. 带宾语从句的复合句
①I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent， and how well you've learned Chinese. （NMET2004， I）
②I am so sorry that I won't be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon.
（NMET2004， III）
③I would also think that the growth population should be brought under control so that we'll have a better
hometown in future. （2004江苏卷）
3. 带定语从句的复合句
①If there is anything I can do for you， I would be more than glad to help. （NMET2004， I）
②As is shown on Chart 2， only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. （2004北京卷）
4. 其他
▲强调句型 It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister. （NMET1993）
▲带主语从句的复合句
①Here is how you can find us
②On the other side， where the playground used to be now stands another new building-our library.（NMET1999）
▲so that句型：
①I became so impatient that I had to go to explain my difficulty. （2004广东卷）
②I am so sorry that I won't be able to „tomorrow afternoon. （NMET2004， III）
③The noise was so loud that I couldn't go on studying. （2004广东卷）
▲让步或转折：
①I don't know about others， but I used to have to work even at weekends doing homework and attending classes as well. （NMET2001）
②Although the city is modern and convenient， there are still some problems， such as air pollution， crowdedness and noise.
▲条件句： ①If there is anything I can do for you， I would be more than glad to help. （NMET2004，
I）
三、书面表达开头和结尾的写作
1.书面表达的开头俗话说万事开头难。其实，一点也不难。高考英语书面表达的开头句一般已为你写好。你要做的是分段缩进重起第二段。注意千万不要接着已写好的首句。一是不美观，二是不便于阅卷老师细览。那么你的起头句实际上是第二段了。开始句根据要求一般可以写的漂亮一点，即要用一些好的套语开始。比如：
①As is shown on Chart 2， only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.（2004北京卷） 可是很多考生总在开头处写的不尽如人意，总喜欢搞一些生造的句子或词语来开头，这是一大忌。有些开头可以以套语开始，或以俗语开始比较有力，这样就容易被老师看好。档位在开始时就已定得很高了。
2.书面表达的结尾：⑦⑧结尾在书面表达的写作中占有很重要的地位，通常结尾都要算一个内容要求，所以，写好结尾且让阅卷老师有一个完整的印象是十分必要的。好的结尾可以是一段，由一句或几句话组成，能使全文增色。例如：
①If there is anything I can do for you， I would be more than glad to help.（ 2004全国卷I）
②It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.
③What's more， some statues of famous people will be set up to encourage us to work harder. Don't you
think it a wonderful program？ （2004福建卷）
④In short， the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.（2004湖北卷）
但是，在实际的操作中，许多考生却不知如何来结尾，原本一、两句话或极少的表达就可很圆满地完成写作任务，往往又旁生枝节，写上一些废话，甚至错话，结果因表达不当又被扣分。以2009高考卷的书面表达试题考生的错误中，可以看出很多考生是吃力不讨好的。结尾中主要的错误体现在不必要的累赘和废话上面：