[国际贸易实务]重点词汇

Chapter 1 Introduction to International Trade

National Development and Reform Commission 国家发展和改革委员会

export-driven economic growth 出口导向型经济增长

export tax rebates 出口退税 export taxes 出口关税

excess Liquidity 流动性过剩 trade frictions 贸易摩擦

international trade 国际贸易 world trade 世界贸易

foreign trade 对外贸易 overseas trade 海外贸易

trade in goods 货物贸易 trade in services 服务贸易

self-sufficient 自给自足 economic resources 经济资源

visible trade 有形贸易 invisible trade 无形贸易

dumping倾销 tourism 旅游业

balance of trade 贸易差额 host country东道国

barter 物物交换，以货易货，货物交易，易货贸易

favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差(trade surplus)

unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差(trade deficit)

Balance of Payments 国际收支平衡，国际收支差额

favorable balance of payments 国际收支顺差

unfavorable balance of payments 国际收支逆差

International Monetary Fund（IMF）国际货币基金组织

Foreign Direct Investment（FDI）对外直接投资，外商直接投资

Portfolio Investment 间接投资

Chapter 2 International Trade Policy

trade protectionism 贸易保护主义 free trade 自由贸易

the national interest 国家利益 Doha trade talks 多哈贸易谈判

acquisitions 购并 trade barriers 贸易壁垒

infant industries 幼稚产业 quantitative restrictions 数量限制 encouragements 鼓励 import tariff 进口关税 tariff barriers关税壁垒 non-tariff barriers（NTB）非关税壁垒 export taxes 出口关税 export subsidies 出口补贴

protective tariffs 保护性关税 revenue tariff 财政关税

specific duties 从量税 ad valorem duties 从价税

compound duties 复合税 import quota 进口配额 binding quota限制性(绑定)配额 non-binding quota不具约束力的配额 tariff-rate quotas 关税配额 zero quota零配额

absolute quotas 绝对配额 market failures 市场失灵

domestic content国内含量 licensing system 许可证制度

red-tape barriers 进口环节壁垒 “buy local” rules 本地采购规则

domestic supply 国内供给 domestic demand 国内需求

floor price 最低限价 shortfall of supply 供应短缺

Government Procurement Policies 歧视性政府采购政策

Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) 美国协调关税明细表

Harmonized System 商品名称及编码协调制度

International Harmonized Commodity Coding and Classification System商品名称及编码协调制度

World Customs Organization (WCO)世界海关组织

Customs Tariff of Import/Export of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国进出口关税条例 Voluntary Export Restraint（VER）自动出口限制

Multi-Fiber Arrangement 多种纤维协定

Domestic Content Requirements 国内成分要求

Government Procurement Policies 政府采购政策

Buy America Act of 1933 1933年购买美国货法案

Export Enhancement Program（EEP）美国的出口促进计划

Dairy Export Incentive Program（DEIP）奶制品出口激励项目

Chapter 3 Trade Bloc and Trade Block

open regionalism 开放的区域主义 trade liberalization 贸易自由化

most favored nation 最惠国 multilateralism 多边主义

Doha round 多哈回合 discriminatory tariffs 歧视性关税

“spaghetti bowl”意大利面碗 tariff rates 关税税率

trade discrimination 贸易歧视 country of origin原产地

trade bloc 贸易集团 trade block 贸易禁运

bilateral free trade agreements 双边自由贸易协定

PTAs（preferential trade agreements）特殊优惠贸易协议

APEC （Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation Organization）亚太经合组织

FTAAP（Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the Pacific）亚太自由贸易协定

NAFTA（North American Free Trade Agreement）北美自由贸易区

MERCOSUR 南方共同市场

SCCM（Southern Common Markets）南方共同市场

ASEAN（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）东南亚国家联盟

AFTA（ASEAN Free Trade Area）东盟自由贸易区

EU（European Union）欧盟（欧洲联盟）

EFTA（European Free Trade Area）欧洲自由贸易区

EEC（European Economic Community）欧洲经济共同体

EC（the European Community）欧洲共同体

free trade area 自由贸易区 customs union 关税同盟

common market共同市场 economic union 经济同盟，经济联盟

trade embargoes 贸易禁运 economic sanctions 经济制裁

boycotts抵制 multilateral trade agreements多边贸易协定

United Nations 联合国 trade elasticity 贸易弹性

Chapter 4 WTO：A Navigation Guide

franchise特许经营 Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合

WTO Agreements 世界贸易组织协议 World Bank 世界银行

Doha Development Agenda 多哈发展议程（多哈回合谈判）

GATT（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）关税与贸易总协定

WTO（World Trade Organization）世界贸易组织

IMF（International Monetary Fund）国际货币基金组织

Appellate Body 上诉机构

Dispute Settlement Panels 争端解决专门小组

Plurilateral Committees 诸边协议委员会

Ministerial Conference 部长会议

1. The General Council 常务理事会

2. The Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构

3. The Trade Policy Review Body 贸易政策审议机构

1. Goods Council 货物贸易理事会

2. Services Council 服务贸易理事会

3. TRIPS Council 与贸易有关的知识产权理事会

The Textiles Monitoring Body 纺织品监督机构

Heads of Delegations（HOD）代表团首脑

The Secretariat 秘书处

sustainable development 可持续发展

Plurilateral Trade Agreement 诸边(复边)贸易协定

Marrakesh Ministerial Meeting 马拉喀什部长会议（摩洛哥）

TRIPS Agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协定

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（TRIPS）与贸易有关的知识产权 General Agreement on Trade in Services （GATS）服务贸易总协定

Trade-Related Investment Measures （TRIMS）与贸易有关的投资措施

Trade Without Discrimination 贸易无歧视

Urgent Importing Measures紧急进口措施

Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 最惠国待遇

contracting parties 缔约国 plurilateral agreements诸边协议

national treatment 国民待遇 transparency 透明度

market access 市场准入 navigation guide 导航

patronage nations施惠国 favored nations 受惠国

Chapter 5 International Trade Terms

L/C issuing date 信用证的开证日期 seasonal commodity季节性商品

partial shipment 分批装运 transshipment 转运

shipment 装运 terms of payment 支付条件

draft 汇票 liner 班轮

trade terms，price terms，delivery terms 贸易术语，价格术语，交货术语

Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 1932年华沙--牛津规则

International Law Association 国际法律协会

Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本

International Chamber of Commerce（ICC）国际商会

INCOTERMS 2000 2000年国际贸易术语解释通

Value added tax（VAT）增值税

United Nations Commission on International Trade Law（UNCITRAL）联合国国际贸易法律委员会

multi-modal Transport多式联运 inland waterway transportation内陆水运

customs clearance清关 shipboard（Ship’s Rail）船舷

documentary sales 单据买卖 cover insurance 投保

symbolic delivery象征性交货 unloading charge 卸货费

frontier 边境 quay 码头

trim 平舱 stow 理舱

EXW （Ex Works）工厂交货

FCA （Free Carrier）货交承运人

FAS （Free Alongside Ship）船边交货

FOB（Free on Board）装运港船上交货

FOB Liner Terms (FOB班轮条件)

FOB Under Tackle (FOB吊钩下交货)

FOB Stowed(FOB 包理舱费在内 )

FOB Trimmed(FOB 包平舱费在内)

CFR（Cost and Freight）成本加运费

CFR Liner Terms(CFR班轮条件)

CFR Landed(CFR卸到岸上)

CFR Ex-Ship’s Hold(CFR舱底交货)

CIF（Cost, Insurance and Freight）成本加保险费加运费

CPT（Carriage Paid to）运费付至

CIP（Carriage and Insurance Paid to）运费、保险费付至

DAF（Delivered at Frontier）边境交货

DES（Delivered Ex Ship）目的港船上交货

DEQ（Delivered Ex Quay）目的港码头交货

DDU（Delivered Duty Unpaid）未完税交货

DDP（Delivered Duty Paid）完税后交货

Chapter 6 Terms of Commodity

Sales by Seller’s/Buyer’s Sample 凭卖方样品买卖/凭买方样品买卖

Reference/Duplicate Sample 参考样品

Quality Tolerance 品质公差 Counter Sample 对等样品

More or Less Clauses 溢短装条款 Neutral Packing 中性包装

Customs Formality 海关手续 Inspection Certificate of Quality 质量检验证书 FDA (Food and Drugs Administration) 药品及食品管理局

Marking of Goods 货物标记 Net Weight 净重

Theoretical Weight 理论重量 Gross Weight 毛重

Computed Tare 约定皮重 Conditioned Weight 公量

Unit Weight 单位重量 Moisture Content 含水量

Customary Tare 习惯毛重 Legal Weight 法定重量

Actual Tare 实际皮重 Average Tare 平均毛重

BY-product 副产品

AQSIQ (State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine) 国家质量监督检验检疫总局

Representative Samples 代表性样品 Original Samples 原始样品

Type Samples 标准样品 (FAQ)Fair Average Quality 中等品质

(GMQ)Good Merchantable Quality 上好可销品质

Animal and Plant Quarantine Office 动植物检验机关

Catalogue of Export and Import Commodities Subject to Inspection 进出口商品目录

Lloyd’s Surveyor 英国劳氏公证行

Chapter 7 International Cargo Transport

Oil tankers 油轮 Voyage Charter 定程租船

Ro-Ro vessels 滚装船 Time Charter 定期租船

LASH(lighter Aboard Ship) 载驳船 BBC(Bare Boat Charter) 光船租船

Chartering contract 租船合同 Sailing schedule 船期表

Demurrage charge 滞期费 Liner freight tariff 班船运价表

Dispatch charge 速遣费 Optional additional 选卸附加费

Direct additional 直航附加费 Transshipment additional 转船附加费

Port congestion additional 港口拥挤附加费

Forwarding agents 运输代理 LCL(Less than Container Load) 拼箱货

Settlement of exchange 结汇 FCL(Full Container Load) 整箱货

Air waybill 空运单 CFS(Container Freight Station) 集装箱货运站 Shipping advice 装运通知 Disposal rights 处置权

Partial shipment/transshipment 分批装运

Bill of landing 提单 Clean B/L 清洁提单

Order B/L 提示提单 Combined transport B/L 多式联运提单

Straight B/L 直接提单/记名提单 Through B/L 全程提单/联运提单

Liner B/L 班轮提单 Ante-dated B/L 倒签提单

Advanced B/L 预借提单 Consignment note 发货通知书

Blank endorsement 空白备书 IATA(International Air Transport Association)国际

航空运输协会

Combined transport documents 联合运输单据

Chapter 8 Cargo Insurance

Insurance Applicant 投保人 General Average 共同海损

Insurance Amount 投保金额 Extraneous Risks 外来风险

Insurance Policy 保险单 Constructive Total Loss 推定全损

Perils of the Sea 海上风险 Sue and Labor Expenses 施救费用

Salvage Charges 救助费用 Insurance Broker 承保人

Particular Average 单独海损 Premium 保险费

Air Transportation Cargo War Risks航空运输货物战争险

Land Transportation Risks 陆运险 All Risks for Land Transportation 陆运一切险 Ocean Marine Insurance 海洋运输保险 Air Transportation All Risks 航空运输一切险 War risks 战争险 Basic Risks Coverage 基本保险范围

Insured Amount 保险金额 T.P.N.D(Theft, Pilferage and Non-delivery)偷窃与提

货不着险

Taint of Odor 串味险 Overland Transportation Insurance 陆上运输保险

Parcel Post Insurance 邮包运输保险 WPA(With Particular Average) 水渍险/单独海损赔偿 FPA(Free from Particular Average) 平安险

Additional Risks Coverage 附加险范围

Fresh water and/or Rain Damage 淡水雨淋险 Insurance Certificate 保险凭证

《国际贸易实务》重点词汇

Chapter 9 Terms of Price

Cost Structure 费用/成本结构 Cost of Production 生产费用

Profit Margin 边际利润率 Selling Cost 销售成本

Target Costing 目标成本 Variable Cost 可变成本

Skimming Price Strategy 撇脂定价策略 Penetration Strategy 渗透策略

Floating Exchange Risk 浮动汇率风险 (TFC)Total Fixed Cost 总固定成本

(EDLP)Everyday Low Price 每日低价 Cost-based Pricing成本基础定价法

Break-even Pricing 损益两平定价法 Marginal Cost Pricing 边际成本定价法 (BEP)Break-even Point益损两平点 Invoicing Currency 计价货币

Payment Currency支付货币 Hard Currency 硬货币

Soft Currency 软货币 Exchange Rates汇率

Commission/Discount 佣金/折扣 Price Adjustment 价款调整

Forward Market/Spot Market 期货/现货市场 Forward Contract 远期合同

Floating Exchange Rates 浮动汇率 Forward Rate 期汇率

Brokerage House 经纪公司 Wall Street Journal 华尔街日报

*Plain Commission 透明佣金（不确定） Secret Commission 秘密佣金

Quantity Discount 数量折扣 Cash Discount 现金折扣

Special Discount 特别折扣 Unit Price 单价

FOB price 离岸价 CIF price 到岸价

CFR price 成本加运费价格 Export-oriented Strategy Firm出口导向型公司 Regulations on Foreign Exchange Administration 外汇管理条例

SAFE(State Administration of Foreign Exchange) 国家外汇管理局