动词过去分词的构成
(1) 动词过去分词的构成分为规则变
化和不规则变化,规则变化的动词的过去分词和过去时构成是一样的,不规则的动词特殊记忆。
(2) 规则动词的变化,绝大多数动词
是规则动词,即在词尾加-ed.
(3) 构成方法(1) 动词原形后直接
加-ed 如;clean-cleaned-
cleaned(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d.
如;live-lived-lived(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词。先把y变为i.再加上_ed, 如:study-studied –
Studied(4)以重读闭音节结尾
的动词,若动词末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写这个辅音字母。再加-ed,
如 stop-stopped-stopped
不规则的动词须特殊记忆
一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d。如:
cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt,
特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,
read-read-read,但发音分别是
[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。
二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如:
come-came-come,
become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome(克服)
三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如:
1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如: lend-lent-lent,
spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent
2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如: sit-sat-sat, win-won-won,
shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held
3. 以eep结尾的动词,把eep改为ept。如:
keep-kept-kept,
sleep-slept-slept,
sweep-swept-swept
4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如:
buy-bought-bought,
fight-fought-fought,
think-thought-thought,
bring-brought-brought,
teach-taught-taught,
catch-caught-caught
5. 有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如: say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid
6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如: have-had-had,
learn-learnt-learnt,
leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt
四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u。如:
五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加n。如:
blow- blew- blown,
draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown,
throw-threw-thrown,
know-knew-known
六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。如:
rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten 特殊: write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken,
ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten
动词过去分词的构成
(1) 动词过去分词的构成分为规则变
化和不规则变化,规则变化的动词的过去分词和过去时构成是一样的,不规则的动词特殊记忆。
(2) 规则动词的变化,绝大多数动词
是规则动词,即在词尾加-ed.
(3) 构成方法(1) 动词原形后直接
加-ed 如;clean-cleaned-
cleaned(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d.
如;live-lived-lived(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词。先把y变为i.再加上_ed, 如:study-studied –
Studied(4)以重读闭音节结尾
的动词,若动词末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写这个辅音字母。再加-ed,
如 stop-stopped-stopped
不规则的动词须特殊记忆
一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d。如:
cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt,
特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,
read-read-read,但发音分别是
[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。
二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如:
come-came-come,
become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome(克服)
三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如:
1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如: lend-lent-lent,
spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent
2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如: sit-sat-sat, win-won-won,
shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held
3. 以eep结尾的动词,把eep改为ept。如:
keep-kept-kept,
sleep-slept-slept,
sweep-swept-swept
4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如:
buy-bought-bought,
fight-fought-fought,
think-thought-thought,
bring-brought-brought,
teach-taught-taught,
catch-caught-caught
5. 有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如: say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid
6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如: have-had-had,
learn-learnt-learnt,
leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt
四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u。如:
五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加n。如:
blow- blew- blown,
draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown,
throw-threw-thrown,
know-knew-known
六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。如:
rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten 特殊: write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken,
ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten