11规则大连海事最新轮机英语题库翻译（十）
作者：系统管理员 来源： 发布时间： [2014-04-02] 点击数： 918
样章 第2章船舶辅助机械 第4节船舶防污染设备 【知识点】
船舶防污染设备（pollution prevention equipment）主要包括以下三种设备： 1. 油水分离器oily water separator 2. 焚烧炉 incinerator
3. 生活污水处理装置 sewage treatment equipment 【词汇记忆】
A
aeration tank 曝气柜
aerobic 好氧的
anaerobic 厌氧的
agitate 搅动
B
bacteria 细菌
ballast water 压载水
bilge water舱底水
bio-filter tank 生物滤池
bubble 气泡
C
catch plate捕集板
clog 堵塞
coalescer 聚合过滤器
coalescence 聚合
coalescing insert 聚合滤芯
coarse separating compartment 粗分离室
contamination 污染
demulsibility 抗乳化性
detect v. 探测
detector 探测器
disinfection 消毒
disinfection agent 消毒剂
dump chute 投料口
E
emulsify v. 乳化
emulsification n. 乳化 G
globule 水滴 I
impurity 杂质
incinerator 焚烧炉
inert 惰性
interval 间隔
M maceration 粉粹 monitor 监测器
O oil/water mixture油水混合物 oil collecting space集油室 oily water separator油水分离器 organic matter 有机物 overhaul 大修 oxygen 氧气
P pollution prevention equipment 防污染设备
purity 净化
S
sensor 感应器
sewage 生活污水
slop tank 污水舱
sludge 油渣，污油
solenoid valve 电磁阀
sterilization compartment 消毒室，灭菌室
surface tension 表面张力
【习题详解】
2.4.1 油水分离器的工作原理及运行管理 1. Would an increase in flow rate through the separator improve the separation of oil and water?
A. No B. Yes
C. It makes no difference D. The separator works under all condition
答案为A 。增加分离器的流量对油与水的分离有促进吗？【没有】 2. Some oil in the oily water separator, as a result of its lower_____, will be separated and rise into the.
A. temperature B. density C. viscosity D. velocity
答案为B 。在油水分离器中，一些油由于【密度】小，会分离出来并上升到集油室。 3. The oil_____ in the discharging water from an oily water separator exceeds 15 ppm without alarm, because the coil was burnt out.
A. filter B. pollution C. hole D. Content
答案为D 。油水分离器出水口油【含量】超过15ppm ，但没有报警，因为线圈烧毁了。 4. The remaining oil/water mixture now flows down into the fine separating compartment and moves slowly between the______ in the Turbulo separator.
A. catch plates B. cover plates C. swash plates D. bedplates
答案为A 。剩下的油水混合物现在向下流进细分离室，并在特勃朗式油水分离器中的【捕集板】之间缓慢流动。 5. A complete oily water separator and filter unit is first filled with____, and the oil/water mixture is then pumped into the coarse separating compartment.
A. bilge water B. fuel oil C. sewage plates D. clean water
答案为D 。整台油水分离器和过滤器应先注满【清水】，油水混合物然后泵入粗分离室。
6. An oily water monitor is required in order to measure the_____.
A. oil content in water B. water level in bilge well
C. water content in fuel oil D. oil level in bilge well
答案为A 。油分浓度监测器用来监测【水中油的浓度】。 7. The oily water separator used on board should enable a degree of purity better than _____to be attained.
A.15 ppm B. 100 ppm
C. 15 ppm at sea and 100 ppm in port D. either 15 ppm or 100ppm
答案为A 。船上油水分离器应能使水的纯净度比【15ppm 】更好。
8. Oily water separator mis-alarms. The most possible reason is ______.
A. separating oil too fast
B. the sensor flushed badly
C. the discharge solenoid valve out of order
D. too low heating temperature
答案为B 。油水分离器警报失灵。最有可能的原因是【感应器冲洗不好】。 9. The pressure difference of the gauge on the oily water separator increases greatly. The reason is the_____.
A. filter is clogged
B. bilge suction valve is clogged
C. suction valve and discharge valve of the pump don’t open fully D. screw pump is worn seriously and volumetric efficiency id decreased
答案为A 。油水分离器压力表的压力差明显升高。原因是【滤器脏堵】。
10. Frequent oil discharge with a short period in an oily water separator may result from_____. A. sensor of low oil level is fully covered by clogged sludge B. coarse strainer before the pump in suction system is clogged C. screw pump is worn seriously and volumetric efficiency is decreased D. bilge suction valve is clogged
答案为A 。油水分离器频繁短时排油，可能的原因是【低油位感应器全部被污油渣包住】。 11. Before the oily water separator and operation, it should be ____. A. filled with bilge water B. filled with oil C. filled with clean water D. emptied 答案为C 。在油水分离器开始工作之前，应该先【注满清水】。
12. If oil is found when we open low oil level plug of oily water separator, it indicates the _____.
A. separator is overload
B. monitor equipment of separator fails
C. discharge pump of separator cannot work
D. temperature of oily water is low
答案为A 。当打开油水分离器低油位检验旋塞时，发现有油，表明【分离器超负荷】。
13. If separating effect is not good, we can improve it by____.
A. flushing separator with hot water
B. increasing water supply flow
C. heat oily water properly
D. opening manual oil discharge valve
答案为C 。如果分离效果不好，应采取【对含油水适当加热】。
14. If separating effect is not good, which measure should be taken?
A. Working at intervals and properly heating.
B. Warming up to 70℃ to increase water supply flow.
C. Improving impulse of water flow.
D. Reducing water supply flow.
答案为A 。如果分离效果不好，应采取【间歇工作和适当加热】。
15. The following measures can be used to improve oily water separator’s separating effect except___.
A. overhauling every two years
B. working at intervals
C. renewing filtration material
D. pumping bilge water from different layers respectively
答案为A 。【每两年一大修】对分离效果没有促进。
16. When oily water separator is operating, which measure is wrong?
A. Pay attention to operating parameters.
B. Renew and clean separating units in time.
C. Check oil level in separator to prevent overload.
D. Check separating effect, if it is bad, flush with large capacity water pump.
答案为D 。当油水分离器正在工作时，【如果分离效果差用大容量水泵冲洗】是错误的。
17. Which of the following is wrong about operation of oily water separating?
A. Fill with clean water before operation.
B. Keep air cushion in oil collecting space during running
C. Check oil level during running.
D. Clean inner separator with low pressure steam.
答案为B 。【在运行时集油室内有气泡】的操作是错误的。 18. When bilge water is heated in a holding tank, which of the following statements is not accurate?
A. The high temperature facilitates gravity separation.
B. Most of the oil and organic solvents are raised to the top layer.
C. The high the temperature is, the more the top oil will be collected.
D. The high temperature has little use on the separation of emulsified oil.
答案为D 。当舱底水在储存柜内加热，【高温对分离乳化油无效】的表述是错误的。
19. When discharging bilge water, which criteria must be observed?
A. The requirement for the oil content of bilge water discharged is 15 ppm.
B. No discharge in sensitive waters.
C. Any discharge in sensitive water.
D. International, national or local requirements have to be observed.
答案为D 。当排放舱底水时，必须遵守【国际，国家或地区要求】的标准。
20. Which of the following methods might be used as the treatment on emulsified oil? A. Gravity separation B. Centrifuge. C. Cyclone D. Cross-flow membrane filtration
答案为D 。处理乳化油可用的方法是【横流薄膜式过滤】。
21. What’s the function of the pressure control in an oily water separator?
A. To indicate the rise in pressure in the filter.
B. To give signal.
C. To switch off the bilge pump.
D. Any one of the other alternatives.
答案为D 。油水分离器压力控制的作用是【显示滤器的压力上升，给出信号，关闭舱底水泵】。
22. Which of the following is right?
A. The air brought along with the oil/water mixture need not vent out . B. The de-oiled water after preliminary separation can be poured into sea without the remaining separation. C. In the two-stage filter, mechanical impurities can not be filtered simultaneously; it can be filtered in the second stage.
D. As the oily water flows through the coalescing inserts, the tiny remaining oil droplets coalesce to large drops of oil.
答案为D 。当含油水流过聚合滤芯时，微小的油滴聚合成大的油滴。
23. Rough separation of oil from bilge water in the 1 st chamber is achieved by_____.
A. single parallel plates B. multiple parallel plates
C. multiple series plates D. single vertical plates
答案为B 。第一腔室中对舱底水中油的粗分离是通过【多层平行捕集板】来完成的。
24. The function of coalescer in the 2nd chamber is to____.
A. allow small particles of oil to coagulate
B. allow larger particles of oil to escape
C. prevent clogged strainer
D. prevent the damage of fine filter
答案为A 。第二腔室中聚合过滤器的功能是【将小油滴聚合】。
25. The separation function in the 1st chamber is dealing with bilge water of ______
A. high density fuel oil and particles of oil which are larger than 60 microns in size
B. high density fuel oil and particles of oil which are smaller than 60 microns in size
C. oils of 15-20 microns particles only
D. low density fuel oil equals with water
答案为A 。第一腔室能分离【高密度燃油和大于60微米的油类颗粒】的舱底水。
26. Which of the following is not correct? A. The preliminary separation takes place in the separator based on the gravity principle. B. A complete oily water separator and filter unit should be first filled with clean water.
C. The coarse separating usually happens in the upper part of the separator.
D. The oil/water mixture is pumped into the separator by the centrifugal pump. 答案为D 。下列表述不正确的是：【油水混合物通过离心泵泵入分离器】。 27. The resistance to the movement of the globule in/water mixture depends on its
size and the_____ of the fluid.
A. Pressure B. velocity C. gravity D. viscosity
答案为D 。油水混合物中油滴运动的阻力取决于尺寸大小和【黏度】。 28. Placing a filter on the ______ of an oily water separator will “polish” the
discharge but overloading must be avoided.
A. suction side B. discharge side C. by-pass pipe D. sampling pipe
答案为B 。油水分离器【排放侧】设置滤器会影响排放但能防止过载。
29. The principle of separation by which all commercially available oily water
separators function is the _____differential between oil and water.
A. temperature B. viscosity C. gravity D. size
答案为C 。所有商用油水分离器都应用的分离原理是水油的【重力】差。
30. _____ are used to ensure that ships don’t discharge oil when pumping out oily water from any oil contaminated space.
A. Boiler B. Incinerator C. Oily water separator D. Sewage treatment unit 答案为C 。【油水分离器】用来确保船舶从任何油污区泵出含油污水时不排油。
31. Emulsification of oil will occur when mixed with _____.
A. air B. black oil C. water D. ice cream
答案为C 。油和【水】混合会产生乳化。
32. In an oily water separator the oil will travel ______ to the oil collecting spaces.
A. upwards B. downwards C. outwards D. forwards
答案为A 。在油水分离器中油会【向上】运动到集油室。
33. A high rate of separation between oil and water is favored by ______.
A. large size of oil globule B. low temperature
C. high viscosity D. high flow rate
答案为A 。【油滴尺寸大】有助于油水分离。 34. Coalescence is the breakdown of surface tension between oil droplets in an oil/water mixture, which causes them to join and _____ in size.
A. expand B. extract C. increase D. decrease
答案为C 。聚合是指打破油水混合物中油滴间的表面张力，使它们聚合尺寸【增大】。 35.______ is the breakdown of surface tension between oil droplets in an oil/water mixture, which causes them to join and increase in size.
A. Wear B. Contaminating C. Coalescence D. Coarse separating
答案为C 。【聚合】是指打破油水混合物中油滴间的表面张力，使它们聚合尺寸增大。 36. When in operation , it is unavoidable that a small amount of oil _____ through leakage , and in order to compensate for these leaks , the system is connected to a feed pump.
A. escapes B. overheats C. expands D. accelerates
答案为A 。在操作时，不可避免的是少量油通过泄漏【逃逸】，作为补偿，系统连接有一个供给泵。
37. Oily water separators are used to ensure that ships don’t discharge oil when pumping out _____.
A. ballast water B. bilge water C. boiler water D. sewage water
答案为B 。油水分离器能保证船舶在排放【舱底水】是不排油。 38. Where an excessive level of contamination is detected, an alarm is sounded and diverting valves are operated. The discharging liquid is then passed to ______.
A. overboard B. a bilge well C. a slop tank D. a hot well
答案为C 。当监测到油分污染超标时，会发出警报，转换阀门动作，液体排到【污水舱】。 39. The ability of an oil to separate cleanly from an oil/water mixture is referred to as its _____ .
A. precipitation number B. neutralization number
C. pour point D. demulsibility
答案为D 。油从油水混合物中干净的分离的出来的能力，叫作【抗乳化性】。 40. The rising velocity of the globules carries them upwards where they become trapped by the under surfaces of plates and _____ until the enlarged globules have sufficient rising velocity to travel along the plate surface and break away at periphery.
A. disperse B. coalesce C. compress D. shrinkage
答案为B 。油滴的上升速度使之上浮，并聚集在捕集板底面并【聚合】，直到变大到有足够的上升速度沿捕集板表面移动，并从边缘离开。 41. The pump used to send the bilge water into the oily water separator _____ the mixture because this might create finer oil particles.
A. should agitate B. should not agitate C. should mix up D. should not add up
答案为B 。向油水分离器输送舱底水的泵【不应该搅动】油水混合物，因为这会产生细的油滴。 42. The ______ is fitted on an oily water separator. A. sliding bowl bottom B. gravity disc C. bowl D. liquid level detector
答案为D 。【油位探测器】安装在油水分离器上。
43. Which of the following equipment is most effective in processing bilge slops for overboard discharge? A. A 100 ppm oily water separator B. Assembling the lube oil purifier as a separator and aligning bilge overboard. C. A 15 ppm oily water separator. D. A magnetic duplex strainer
答案为C 。【15ppm 油水分离器】是最有效处理排出舷外的舱底水的设备。
44. After stopping oily water separator , sea water should be permitted for _______ minutes , ______ should be closed after stopping pump to reduce oxidation corrosion of inner wall.
A. 15/inlet value B. 15/inlet and outlet value
C. 30/inlet value D. 30/inlet and outlet value
答案为B 。油水分离器停用后，引入海水运行【15】分钟，停泵后【进出口阀】应关闭以减少内壁的氧化腐蚀。
45. Which of the following is the function of the filter with inserts in the separator?
A. It is used for the preliminary separation
B. It is used for stopping dirt and for coalescence
C. It is used for increasing weight of the plant
D. It is used for absorbing all the oil in the water
答案为B 。油水分离器滤芯的作用是【阻止脏物并聚合油滴】。
2.4.2 焚烧炉的工作原理及运行管理
1. The unit used for combusting waste in engine room is called a(n) ______.
A. boiler B. generator C. incinerator D. receiver
答案为C 。机舱内用于燃烧废弃物的装置是【焚烧炉】。
2. The oil sludge is burnt in the ______ onboard.
A. boiler B. main engine C. auxiliary engine D. incinerator
答案为D 。油渣在船上【焚烧炉】中燃烧。
3. The solid waste was charged into the incinerator through _______.
A. the solid waste dump chute B. an access door
C. the same way for waste oil burners D. a charging opening
答案为A 。固体废物经【投料口】倒入焚烧炉。
4. Which of the following would not be burnt in an incinerator on board?
A. Waste oil B. Waste clothes C. Oil rags D. Waste food
答案为D 。【废弃的食物】不能在焚烧炉内燃烧。
5. Which is the pollution prevention equipment?
A. Booster pump B. Evaporator C. Incinerator D. Cooler
答案为C 。【焚烧炉】是防污染设备。
6. When does auxiliary burner of incinerator put into operation? I. when start incinerator when it is cold ; II. When the sludge for dealing with is little;
III. when the sludge for dealing with is large IV. When the water and impurity in sludge are too much; V. when the temperature in incinerator is low VI. when dealing with little solid rubbish
A. I, II, III and V B. I, II, III, and IV
C. I, IV, V and VI D. I, II ,III and VI
答案为C 。焚烧炉的辅助燃烧器何时投入工作？I. 冷炉启动；II. 污油处理量少；III. 污油处理量大；IV. 污油中水和杂质过多；V. 炉温过低；VI. 处理少量固体废物
7. When does auxiliary burner of rotary nozzle incinerator gin to work?
I. when igniting; II. when the sludge for dealing with is too much
III, when before stopping incinerator
A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I, II and III.
答案为B 。有旋转喷嘴的辅助燃烧器何时投入工作？I. 点火时；II. 污油处理量大时；III. 停炉前
8. When the incinerator is stopped, which of the following is wrong? A. After stopping supplying sludge oil, the valve and pipe should be flushed by diesel oil and the incinerator continue burning for 10 minutes.
B. Close auxiliary burner firstly and then close main burner
C. After stopping fuel , restoring the position of main fuel supply valve.
D. Stop blower as soon as stopping supplying fuel oil.
答案为D 。当焚烧炉停炉时，不能【在停止燃油供给后立即停止鼓风机】。
2.4.3 生活污水处理装置的工作原理及运行管理 1. Most marine biological sewage treatment plants consist of all the following parts except ____.
A. aeration tanks B. settling tanks C. disinfection agent D. anaerobic bacteria 答案为D 。大多数生活污水处理装置包括曝气室，沉淀室，消毒剂，不包括【厌氧菌】。 2. A number of biological sewage treatment plants are in use at sea but nearly all work on the principle called ______.
A. deoxygenating B. extended aeration C. oxygenation D. bubbling air
答案为B 。有多种形式的生活污水处理装置在船上使用，但几乎所有装置都【充分曝气】的原理来工作。 3. The extended aeration process consists of _____ the liquor either by bubbling air through it or by agitating the surface.
A. deoxygenating B. oxygenating C. chemicalizing D. disinfecting
答案为B 。充分曝气过程包括通过通入冒泡空气或搅动表面来向液体【充氧】。 4. ______ are used to digest the sewage to produce innocuous sludge in a biological sewage treatment plant. A. Anaerobic bacteria B. Aerobic bacteria C. Air bubbles D. Disinfection chemicals
答案为B 。在生活污水处理装置中，【好氧菌】被用来消化生活污水产生无害沉渣。 5. In order to culture and propagate bacteria enough to treat the body and galley wastes, ______
A. a new bacteria colony should be put into the plant in advance
B. the disinfection chemicals should be always used
C. the air blower should be started and kept running in advance
D. the nutrient for the bacteria should put into the plant in advance
答案为C 。为了培养和繁殖足够的细菌来处理人体和厨房废弃物，【应提前启动鼓风机并保持运转】。 6. It is _____ that reduce the BOD by converting the organic of the sewage to a chemically and organically inert sludge.
A. the bacteria B. oxidizing C. deoxygenating D. proportioning
答案为A 。【细菌】通过将生活污水中的有机物转化为失去活性的污泥来降低耗氧量。
7. Bacteria which live _______ are said to be aerobic.
A. in the presence of oxygen B. without oxygen C. in the presence of nutrition D. without nutrition
答案为A 。生活在【有氧环境】中的细菌叫做好氧菌。
8. What is the way of oxygenating the effluent in the “SBT Series” ? A. Air from a blower causes circulation of the liquid supplies it with oxygen. B. By burning the sludge C. By using packing media. D. By utilizing a biological film.
答案为A 。生活污水处理装置中，向污水充氧的方式是【来自鼓风机的空气使液体循环，并为它提供氧气】。 9. Which of the following operation is correct? A. After being treated in the bio-filter tank , the sewage is discharged overboard. B. After going through the biological film , the sewage is discharged overboard.
C. The sewage treated in the bio-filter tank flows into the sterilization compartment.
D. The sewage is first collected in the sterilization compartment then discharged to the bio-filter tank.
答案为C 。【生活污水经过生物滤池处理后流入消毒室】的操作时正确的。 10. The basic process of biological sewage treatment consists of ______ the liquor either by bubbling air through it, or by agitating the surface.
A. oxygenating B. disinfecting C. deoxygenating D. proportioning
答案为A 。生活污水生化处理的基本过程是通过通入冒泡空气或搅动表面来向液体【充氧】。
11. The sewage treatment usually consists of _______.
A. the bio-filter tank B. the sterilization compartment
C. both A and B D. either A or B
答案为C 。生活污水处理通常包括【生物滤池柜和灭菌室】
12. How does the Bio-Filter Method process sewage ?
A. By causing growth of bacteria in the sewage.
B. By utilizing a biological film.
C. By treating organic matter in biochemical oxidation.
D. Any one of the other alternatives.
答案为D 。生物滤池法处理生活污水的方法是【通过使用生物膜，促进细菌的生长，用生物氧化的方法处理有机物】。
13. Which of the following is not true about sewage treatment plant?
A. It shall be maintained in an operational condition.
B. It should always be operated in the manual mode.
C. It should not be used when a vessel is in dry dock.
D. It should be maintained according to manufacturer’s instructions.
答案为B 。生活污水处理设备是【手动操作】的说法是错误的。
14. In sewage treatment , the term “maceration” refers to the process of ______.
A. breaking up solid matter into fine particles.
B. precipitating non-decomposed waste in a collection tank.
C. chemically adjusting the sewage pH to 7.0
D. eliminating bacterium coli from the sewage.
答案为A 。生活污水处理中，术语“粉粹”指的是【将固体物质分解成小颗粒】的过程。 15. Before marine sewage treatment plant works, _____ should be filled with fresh water.
A. deposition chamber B. oxidation pool
C. disinfection chamber D. all chambers
答案为B 。在船用生活污水装置工作前，【曝气室】应注满淡水。
16. Disinfector in the sewage biological treatment plant usually is _____.
A. chlorine water B. ozone C. hypo-calcium chloride D. calcium oxide 答案为C 。生活污水装置中的消毒剂通常是【次氯酸钙】。 17. Concerning the management of sewage treatment plant using activated sludge, which of the following is correct?
A. The plant should be prohibited to supplying air.
B. The plant should work at intervals.
C. The plant should be added disinfector in time. D. We should check strength of activated sludge, and ivory-white color of the sludge is best.
答案为C 。对于使用活性污泥管理的生活污水装置，【需要及时添加消毒剂】。
18. When anaerobic bacteria convert the sewage to an inert sludge, _____.
A. no oxygen is needed B. oxygen is necessary
C. oxygen is given off D. no gas produced
答案为A 。厌氧菌转化生活污水为惰性污泥时【不需要氧气】。
11规则大连海事最新轮机英语题库翻译（十）
作者：系统管理员 来源： 发布时间： [2014-04-02] 点击数： 918
样章 第2章船舶辅助机械 第4节船舶防污染设备 【知识点】
船舶防污染设备（pollution prevention equipment）主要包括以下三种设备： 1. 油水分离器oily water separator 2. 焚烧炉 incinerator
3. 生活污水处理装置 sewage treatment equipment 【词汇记忆】
A
aeration tank 曝气柜
aerobic 好氧的
anaerobic 厌氧的
agitate 搅动
B
bacteria 细菌
ballast water 压载水
bilge water舱底水
bio-filter tank 生物滤池
bubble 气泡
C
catch plate捕集板
clog 堵塞
coalescer 聚合过滤器
coalescence 聚合
coalescing insert 聚合滤芯
coarse separating compartment 粗分离室
contamination 污染
demulsibility 抗乳化性
detect v. 探测
detector 探测器
disinfection 消毒
disinfection agent 消毒剂
dump chute 投料口
E
emulsify v. 乳化
emulsification n. 乳化 G
globule 水滴 I
impurity 杂质
incinerator 焚烧炉
inert 惰性
interval 间隔
M maceration 粉粹 monitor 监测器
O oil/water mixture油水混合物 oil collecting space集油室 oily water separator油水分离器 organic matter 有机物 overhaul 大修 oxygen 氧气
P pollution prevention equipment 防污染设备
purity 净化
S
sensor 感应器
sewage 生活污水
slop tank 污水舱
sludge 油渣，污油
solenoid valve 电磁阀
sterilization compartment 消毒室，灭菌室
surface tension 表面张力
【习题详解】
2.4.1 油水分离器的工作原理及运行管理 1. Would an increase in flow rate through the separator improve the separation of oil and water?
A. No B. Yes
C. It makes no difference D. The separator works under all condition
答案为A 。增加分离器的流量对油与水的分离有促进吗？【没有】 2. Some oil in the oily water separator, as a result of its lower_____, will be separated and rise into the.
A. temperature B. density C. viscosity D. velocity
答案为B 。在油水分离器中，一些油由于【密度】小，会分离出来并上升到集油室。 3. The oil_____ in the discharging water from an oily water separator exceeds 15 ppm without alarm, because the coil was burnt out.
A. filter B. pollution C. hole D. Content
答案为D 。油水分离器出水口油【含量】超过15ppm ，但没有报警，因为线圈烧毁了。 4. The remaining oil/water mixture now flows down into the fine separating compartment and moves slowly between the______ in the Turbulo separator.
A. catch plates B. cover plates C. swash plates D. bedplates
答案为A 。剩下的油水混合物现在向下流进细分离室，并在特勃朗式油水分离器中的【捕集板】之间缓慢流动。 5. A complete oily water separator and filter unit is first filled with____, and the oil/water mixture is then pumped into the coarse separating compartment.
A. bilge water B. fuel oil C. sewage plates D. clean water
答案为D 。整台油水分离器和过滤器应先注满【清水】，油水混合物然后泵入粗分离室。
6. An oily water monitor is required in order to measure the_____.
A. oil content in water B. water level in bilge well
C. water content in fuel oil D. oil level in bilge well
答案为A 。油分浓度监测器用来监测【水中油的浓度】。 7. The oily water separator used on board should enable a degree of purity better than _____to be attained.
A.15 ppm B. 100 ppm
C. 15 ppm at sea and 100 ppm in port D. either 15 ppm or 100ppm
答案为A 。船上油水分离器应能使水的纯净度比【15ppm 】更好。
8. Oily water separator mis-alarms. The most possible reason is ______.
A. separating oil too fast
B. the sensor flushed badly
C. the discharge solenoid valve out of order
D. too low heating temperature
答案为B 。油水分离器警报失灵。最有可能的原因是【感应器冲洗不好】。 9. The pressure difference of the gauge on the oily water separator increases greatly. The reason is the_____.
A. filter is clogged
B. bilge suction valve is clogged
C. suction valve and discharge valve of the pump don’t open fully D. screw pump is worn seriously and volumetric efficiency id decreased
答案为A 。油水分离器压力表的压力差明显升高。原因是【滤器脏堵】。
10. Frequent oil discharge with a short period in an oily water separator may result from_____. A. sensor of low oil level is fully covered by clogged sludge B. coarse strainer before the pump in suction system is clogged C. screw pump is worn seriously and volumetric efficiency is decreased D. bilge suction valve is clogged
答案为A 。油水分离器频繁短时排油，可能的原因是【低油位感应器全部被污油渣包住】。 11. Before the oily water separator and operation, it should be ____. A. filled with bilge water B. filled with oil C. filled with clean water D. emptied 答案为C 。在油水分离器开始工作之前，应该先【注满清水】。
12. If oil is found when we open low oil level plug of oily water separator, it indicates the _____.
A. separator is overload
B. monitor equipment of separator fails
C. discharge pump of separator cannot work
D. temperature of oily water is low
答案为A 。当打开油水分离器低油位检验旋塞时，发现有油，表明【分离器超负荷】。
13. If separating effect is not good, we can improve it by____.
A. flushing separator with hot water
B. increasing water supply flow
C. heat oily water properly
D. opening manual oil discharge valve
答案为C 。如果分离效果不好，应采取【对含油水适当加热】。
14. If separating effect is not good, which measure should be taken?
A. Working at intervals and properly heating.
B. Warming up to 70℃ to increase water supply flow.
C. Improving impulse of water flow.
D. Reducing water supply flow.
答案为A 。如果分离效果不好，应采取【间歇工作和适当加热】。
15. The following measures can be used to improve oily water separator’s separating effect except___.
A. overhauling every two years
B. working at intervals
C. renewing filtration material
D. pumping bilge water from different layers respectively
答案为A 。【每两年一大修】对分离效果没有促进。
16. When oily water separator is operating, which measure is wrong?
A. Pay attention to operating parameters.
B. Renew and clean separating units in time.
C. Check oil level in separator to prevent overload.
D. Check separating effect, if it is bad, flush with large capacity water pump.
答案为D 。当油水分离器正在工作时，【如果分离效果差用大容量水泵冲洗】是错误的。
17. Which of the following is wrong about operation of oily water separating?
A. Fill with clean water before operation.
B. Keep air cushion in oil collecting space during running
C. Check oil level during running.
D. Clean inner separator with low pressure steam.
答案为B 。【在运行时集油室内有气泡】的操作是错误的。 18. When bilge water is heated in a holding tank, which of the following statements is not accurate?
A. The high temperature facilitates gravity separation.
B. Most of the oil and organic solvents are raised to the top layer.
C. The high the temperature is, the more the top oil will be collected.
D. The high temperature has little use on the separation of emulsified oil.
答案为D 。当舱底水在储存柜内加热，【高温对分离乳化油无效】的表述是错误的。
19. When discharging bilge water, which criteria must be observed?
A. The requirement for the oil content of bilge water discharged is 15 ppm.
B. No discharge in sensitive waters.
C. Any discharge in sensitive water.
D. International, national or local requirements have to be observed.
答案为D 。当排放舱底水时，必须遵守【国际，国家或地区要求】的标准。
20. Which of the following methods might be used as the treatment on emulsified oil? A. Gravity separation B. Centrifuge. C. Cyclone D. Cross-flow membrane filtration
答案为D 。处理乳化油可用的方法是【横流薄膜式过滤】。
21. What’s the function of the pressure control in an oily water separator?
A. To indicate the rise in pressure in the filter.
B. To give signal.
C. To switch off the bilge pump.
D. Any one of the other alternatives.
答案为D 。油水分离器压力控制的作用是【显示滤器的压力上升，给出信号，关闭舱底水泵】。
22. Which of the following is right?
A. The air brought along with the oil/water mixture need not vent out . B. The de-oiled water after preliminary separation can be poured into sea without the remaining separation. C. In the two-stage filter, mechanical impurities can not be filtered simultaneously; it can be filtered in the second stage.
D. As the oily water flows through the coalescing inserts, the tiny remaining oil droplets coalesce to large drops of oil.
答案为D 。当含油水流过聚合滤芯时，微小的油滴聚合成大的油滴。
23. Rough separation of oil from bilge water in the 1 st chamber is achieved by_____.
A. single parallel plates B. multiple parallel plates
C. multiple series plates D. single vertical plates
答案为B 。第一腔室中对舱底水中油的粗分离是通过【多层平行捕集板】来完成的。
24. The function of coalescer in the 2nd chamber is to____.
A. allow small particles of oil to coagulate
B. allow larger particles of oil to escape
C. prevent clogged strainer
D. prevent the damage of fine filter
答案为A 。第二腔室中聚合过滤器的功能是【将小油滴聚合】。
25. The separation function in the 1st chamber is dealing with bilge water of ______
A. high density fuel oil and particles of oil which are larger than 60 microns in size
B. high density fuel oil and particles of oil which are smaller than 60 microns in size
C. oils of 15-20 microns particles only
D. low density fuel oil equals with water
答案为A 。第一腔室能分离【高密度燃油和大于60微米的油类颗粒】的舱底水。
26. Which of the following is not correct? A. The preliminary separation takes place in the separator based on the gravity principle. B. A complete oily water separator and filter unit should be first filled with clean water.
C. The coarse separating usually happens in the upper part of the separator.
D. The oil/water mixture is pumped into the separator by the centrifugal pump. 答案为D 。下列表述不正确的是：【油水混合物通过离心泵泵入分离器】。 27. The resistance to the movement of the globule in/water mixture depends on its
size and the_____ of the fluid.
A. Pressure B. velocity C. gravity D. viscosity
答案为D 。油水混合物中油滴运动的阻力取决于尺寸大小和【黏度】。 28. Placing a filter on the ______ of an oily water separator will “polish” the
discharge but overloading must be avoided.
A. suction side B. discharge side C. by-pass pipe D. sampling pipe
答案为B 。油水分离器【排放侧】设置滤器会影响排放但能防止过载。
29. The principle of separation by which all commercially available oily water
separators function is the _____differential between oil and water.
A. temperature B. viscosity C. gravity D. size
答案为C 。所有商用油水分离器都应用的分离原理是水油的【重力】差。
30. _____ are used to ensure that ships don’t discharge oil when pumping out oily water from any oil contaminated space.
A. Boiler B. Incinerator C. Oily water separator D. Sewage treatment unit 答案为C 。【油水分离器】用来确保船舶从任何油污区泵出含油污水时不排油。
31. Emulsification of oil will occur when mixed with _____.
A. air B. black oil C. water D. ice cream
答案为C 。油和【水】混合会产生乳化。
32. In an oily water separator the oil will travel ______ to the oil collecting spaces.
A. upwards B. downwards C. outwards D. forwards
答案为A 。在油水分离器中油会【向上】运动到集油室。
33. A high rate of separation between oil and water is favored by ______.
A. large size of oil globule B. low temperature
C. high viscosity D. high flow rate
答案为A 。【油滴尺寸大】有助于油水分离。 34. Coalescence is the breakdown of surface tension between oil droplets in an oil/water mixture, which causes them to join and _____ in size.
A. expand B. extract C. increase D. decrease
答案为C 。聚合是指打破油水混合物中油滴间的表面张力，使它们聚合尺寸【增大】。 35.______ is the breakdown of surface tension between oil droplets in an oil/water mixture, which causes them to join and increase in size.
A. Wear B. Contaminating C. Coalescence D. Coarse separating
答案为C 。【聚合】是指打破油水混合物中油滴间的表面张力，使它们聚合尺寸增大。 36. When in operation , it is unavoidable that a small amount of oil _____ through leakage , and in order to compensate for these leaks , the system is connected to a feed pump.
A. escapes B. overheats C. expands D. accelerates
答案为A 。在操作时，不可避免的是少量油通过泄漏【逃逸】，作为补偿，系统连接有一个供给泵。
37. Oily water separators are used to ensure that ships don’t discharge oil when pumping out _____.
A. ballast water B. bilge water C. boiler water D. sewage water
答案为B 。油水分离器能保证船舶在排放【舱底水】是不排油。 38. Where an excessive level of contamination is detected, an alarm is sounded and diverting valves are operated. The discharging liquid is then passed to ______.
A. overboard B. a bilge well C. a slop tank D. a hot well
答案为C 。当监测到油分污染超标时，会发出警报，转换阀门动作，液体排到【污水舱】。 39. The ability of an oil to separate cleanly from an oil/water mixture is referred to as its _____ .
A. precipitation number B. neutralization number
C. pour point D. demulsibility
答案为D 。油从油水混合物中干净的分离的出来的能力，叫作【抗乳化性】。 40. The rising velocity of the globules carries them upwards where they become trapped by the under surfaces of plates and _____ until the enlarged globules have sufficient rising velocity to travel along the plate surface and break away at periphery.
A. disperse B. coalesce C. compress D. shrinkage
答案为B 。油滴的上升速度使之上浮，并聚集在捕集板底面并【聚合】，直到变大到有足够的上升速度沿捕集板表面移动，并从边缘离开。 41. The pump used to send the bilge water into the oily water separator _____ the mixture because this might create finer oil particles.
A. should agitate B. should not agitate C. should mix up D. should not add up
答案为B 。向油水分离器输送舱底水的泵【不应该搅动】油水混合物，因为这会产生细的油滴。 42. The ______ is fitted on an oily water separator. A. sliding bowl bottom B. gravity disc C. bowl D. liquid level detector
答案为D 。【油位探测器】安装在油水分离器上。
43. Which of the following equipment is most effective in processing bilge slops for overboard discharge? A. A 100 ppm oily water separator B. Assembling the lube oil purifier as a separator and aligning bilge overboard. C. A 15 ppm oily water separator. D. A magnetic duplex strainer
答案为C 。【15ppm 油水分离器】是最有效处理排出舷外的舱底水的设备。
44. After stopping oily water separator , sea water should be permitted for _______ minutes , ______ should be closed after stopping pump to reduce oxidation corrosion of inner wall.
A. 15/inlet value B. 15/inlet and outlet value
C. 30/inlet value D. 30/inlet and outlet value
答案为B 。油水分离器停用后，引入海水运行【15】分钟，停泵后【进出口阀】应关闭以减少内壁的氧化腐蚀。
45. Which of the following is the function of the filter with inserts in the separator?
A. It is used for the preliminary separation
B. It is used for stopping dirt and for coalescence
C. It is used for increasing weight of the plant
D. It is used for absorbing all the oil in the water
答案为B 。油水分离器滤芯的作用是【阻止脏物并聚合油滴】。
2.4.2 焚烧炉的工作原理及运行管理
1. The unit used for combusting waste in engine room is called a(n) ______.
A. boiler B. generator C. incinerator D. receiver
答案为C 。机舱内用于燃烧废弃物的装置是【焚烧炉】。
2. The oil sludge is burnt in the ______ onboard.
A. boiler B. main engine C. auxiliary engine D. incinerator
答案为D 。油渣在船上【焚烧炉】中燃烧。
3. The solid waste was charged into the incinerator through _______.
A. the solid waste dump chute B. an access door
C. the same way for waste oil burners D. a charging opening
答案为A 。固体废物经【投料口】倒入焚烧炉。
4. Which of the following would not be burnt in an incinerator on board?
A. Waste oil B. Waste clothes C. Oil rags D. Waste food
答案为D 。【废弃的食物】不能在焚烧炉内燃烧。
5. Which is the pollution prevention equipment?
A. Booster pump B. Evaporator C. Incinerator D. Cooler
答案为C 。【焚烧炉】是防污染设备。
6. When does auxiliary burner of incinerator put into operation? I. when start incinerator when it is cold ; II. When the sludge for dealing with is little;
III. when the sludge for dealing with is large IV. When the water and impurity in sludge are too much; V. when the temperature in incinerator is low VI. when dealing with little solid rubbish
A. I, II, III and V B. I, II, III, and IV
C. I, IV, V and VI D. I, II ,III and VI
答案为C 。焚烧炉的辅助燃烧器何时投入工作？I. 冷炉启动；II. 污油处理量少；III. 污油处理量大；IV. 污油中水和杂质过多；V. 炉温过低；VI. 处理少量固体废物
7. When does auxiliary burner of rotary nozzle incinerator gin to work?
I. when igniting; II. when the sludge for dealing with is too much
III, when before stopping incinerator
A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I, II and III.
答案为B 。有旋转喷嘴的辅助燃烧器何时投入工作？I. 点火时；II. 污油处理量大时；III. 停炉前
8. When the incinerator is stopped, which of the following is wrong? A. After stopping supplying sludge oil, the valve and pipe should be flushed by diesel oil and the incinerator continue burning for 10 minutes.
B. Close auxiliary burner firstly and then close main burner
C. After stopping fuel , restoring the position of main fuel supply valve.
D. Stop blower as soon as stopping supplying fuel oil.
答案为D 。当焚烧炉停炉时，不能【在停止燃油供给后立即停止鼓风机】。
2.4.3 生活污水处理装置的工作原理及运行管理 1. Most marine biological sewage treatment plants consist of all the following parts except ____.
A. aeration tanks B. settling tanks C. disinfection agent D. anaerobic bacteria 答案为D 。大多数生活污水处理装置包括曝气室，沉淀室，消毒剂，不包括【厌氧菌】。 2. A number of biological sewage treatment plants are in use at sea but nearly all work on the principle called ______.
A. deoxygenating B. extended aeration C. oxygenation D. bubbling air
答案为B 。有多种形式的生活污水处理装置在船上使用，但几乎所有装置都【充分曝气】的原理来工作。 3. The extended aeration process consists of _____ the liquor either by bubbling air through it or by agitating the surface.
A. deoxygenating B. oxygenating C. chemicalizing D. disinfecting
答案为B 。充分曝气过程包括通过通入冒泡空气或搅动表面来向液体【充氧】。 4. ______ are used to digest the sewage to produce innocuous sludge in a biological sewage treatment plant. A. Anaerobic bacteria B. Aerobic bacteria C. Air bubbles D. Disinfection chemicals
答案为B 。在生活污水处理装置中，【好氧菌】被用来消化生活污水产生无害沉渣。 5. In order to culture and propagate bacteria enough to treat the body and galley wastes, ______
A. a new bacteria colony should be put into the plant in advance
B. the disinfection chemicals should be always used
C. the air blower should be started and kept running in advance
D. the nutrient for the bacteria should put into the plant in advance
答案为C 。为了培养和繁殖足够的细菌来处理人体和厨房废弃物，【应提前启动鼓风机并保持运转】。 6. It is _____ that reduce the BOD by converting the organic of the sewage to a chemically and organically inert sludge.
A. the bacteria B. oxidizing C. deoxygenating D. proportioning
答案为A 。【细菌】通过将生活污水中的有机物转化为失去活性的污泥来降低耗氧量。
7. Bacteria which live _______ are said to be aerobic.
A. in the presence of oxygen B. without oxygen C. in the presence of nutrition D. without nutrition
答案为A 。生活在【有氧环境】中的细菌叫做好氧菌。
8. What is the way of oxygenating the effluent in the “SBT Series” ? A. Air from a blower causes circulation of the liquid supplies it with oxygen. B. By burning the sludge C. By using packing media. D. By utilizing a biological film.
答案为A 。生活污水处理装置中，向污水充氧的方式是【来自鼓风机的空气使液体循环，并为它提供氧气】。 9. Which of the following operation is correct? A. After being treated in the bio-filter tank , the sewage is discharged overboard. B. After going through the biological film , the sewage is discharged overboard.
C. The sewage treated in the bio-filter tank flows into the sterilization compartment.
D. The sewage is first collected in the sterilization compartment then discharged to the bio-filter tank.
答案为C 。【生活污水经过生物滤池处理后流入消毒室】的操作时正确的。 10. The basic process of biological sewage treatment consists of ______ the liquor either by bubbling air through it, or by agitating the surface.
A. oxygenating B. disinfecting C. deoxygenating D. proportioning
答案为A 。生活污水生化处理的基本过程是通过通入冒泡空气或搅动表面来向液体【充氧】。
11. The sewage treatment usually consists of _______.
A. the bio-filter tank B. the sterilization compartment
C. both A and B D. either A or B
答案为C 。生活污水处理通常包括【生物滤池柜和灭菌室】
12. How does the Bio-Filter Method process sewage ?
A. By causing growth of bacteria in the sewage.
B. By utilizing a biological film.
C. By treating organic matter in biochemical oxidation.
D. Any one of the other alternatives.
答案为D 。生物滤池法处理生活污水的方法是【通过使用生物膜，促进细菌的生长，用生物氧化的方法处理有机物】。
13. Which of the following is not true about sewage treatment plant?
A. It shall be maintained in an operational condition.
B. It should always be operated in the manual mode.
C. It should not be used when a vessel is in dry dock.
D. It should be maintained according to manufacturer’s instructions.
答案为B 。生活污水处理设备是【手动操作】的说法是错误的。
14. In sewage treatment , the term “maceration” refers to the process of ______.
A. breaking up solid matter into fine particles.
B. precipitating non-decomposed waste in a collection tank.
C. chemically adjusting the sewage pH to 7.0
D. eliminating bacterium coli from the sewage.
答案为A 。生活污水处理中，术语“粉粹”指的是【将固体物质分解成小颗粒】的过程。 15. Before marine sewage treatment plant works, _____ should be filled with fresh water.
A. deposition chamber B. oxidation pool
C. disinfection chamber D. all chambers
答案为B 。在船用生活污水装置工作前，【曝气室】应注满淡水。
16. Disinfector in the sewage biological treatment plant usually is _____.
A. chlorine water B. ozone C. hypo-calcium chloride D. calcium oxide 答案为C 。生活污水装置中的消毒剂通常是【次氯酸钙】。 17. Concerning the management of sewage treatment plant using activated sludge, which of the following is correct?
A. The plant should be prohibited to supplying air.
B. The plant should work at intervals.
C. The plant should be added disinfector in time. D. We should check strength of activated sludge, and ivory-white color of the sludge is best.
答案为C 。对于使用活性污泥管理的生活污水装置，【需要及时添加消毒剂】。
18. When anaerobic bacteria convert the sewage to an inert sludge, _____.
A. no oxygen is needed B. oxygen is necessary
C. oxygen is given off D. no gas produced
答案为A 。厌氧菌转化生活污水为惰性污泥时【不需要氧气】。