语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式
动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。
it 所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。
（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid,
pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
（4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.
（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.
（6Is this the best way to help him? 后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：for a quiet place to live.
（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：① up very early to read English. in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China day in order to (so as to) improve her English. To ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.
3+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有等，如： 4动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this 5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.
6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.
（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.
7、动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.
练习、非谓语动词（一）
1. ---- Can you ride a horse? ---- No, I never had the chance ____.
A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it to learn how
2. Paul said, "Give me a chair _____."
A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on
3. I ran too fast ______ where I was going.
A. to notice B. for me to notice D. and notice
4. ---- Have you enjoyed your visit here? A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving
5. ---- I'll help you whenever you need me. Good. I'd like _____me tomorrow.
A. you helping C. you to help D. that you help
---- That's good. We tried_____ noisy.
A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be
B. lived as a good place
D. living in as a good place
---- ______ new officers.
B. Selecting C. To select D. For 9. ---- Where did he go? ---- He went to another store ______.
A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils
10. ---- My baby has a heart trouble. ---- Did the doctor find it difficult ______ ?
A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat
11. ---- Did the judge ask you many questions? ---- Yes, and ______.
A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult
C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering
12. That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday.
A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didn't eat D. to not have eaten
13. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home.
A. go B. to go C. going . 14.That box is____.
A. too heavy for me to carry C. so heavy for me to carry 15. Would you be ______ to do me a favour, please?
A. so kind as . B. too kind as D. enough kind
16. To learn to speak English well,_____.
A. much practice is needed C. much practice is needed by one A. so not as to B. so as not C. so as to not D. not so as to
B. how dresses be made
D. how dresses to be made
A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living
B. to be spoken ill of C. speaking ill of D. spoken ill of
been B. to be C. was D. had been
22. I was surprised______.
A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly
C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly
23. Mr. White was seen ______ the Palace Museum.
A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to entering
24. I saw Mary ____ the house.
A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go into
C. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into
25. Paul does nothing but _____ all day long.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
26. Now we could not do anything but ______ for him here.
A. waited B. waiting C. to wait 27. I don't know her and I don't ______ .
A. want B. want to C. want it D. to want
28. ---- Go to the theatre with me, will you? have time.
A. to B. too D. to go to
29. To play fair is as important as ______.
A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well
A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved
C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved
A. That, to be loved C. It, be loved D. It, to be loved
C. with you saying D. in your saying
B. took C. spent D. used
B. to reject . C. to be rejected D. 35. He told her ______ there at once.
A. get B. gets C. should get D. to get
36. We all think it most foolish ______ this mistake.
A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make
37. I really don't know ____ .
A. to swim B. how to swim C. to swim how D. how swim
38. ---- What do you think about English? ---- It's a difficult language _____.
A. speaking B. to be spoken C. to speak D. spoken
语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式
1~5 DDACC 6~10 BCCAD 11~15 CABAA 16~20 BBAAB 21~25 ADBAA 26~30 DBAAC 31~35 DBBCD 36~38 BBC
语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式
动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。
it 所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。
（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid,
pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
（4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.
（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.
（6Is this the best way to help him? 后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：for a quiet place to live.
（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：① up very early to read English. in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China day in order to (so as to) improve her English. To ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.
3+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有等，如： 4动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this 5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.
6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.
（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.
7、动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.
练习、非谓语动词（一）
1. ---- Can you ride a horse? ---- No, I never had the chance ____.
A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it to learn how
2. Paul said, "Give me a chair _____."
A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on
3. I ran too fast ______ where I was going.
A. to notice B. for me to notice D. and notice
4. ---- Have you enjoyed your visit here? A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving
5. ---- I'll help you whenever you need me. Good. I'd like _____me tomorrow.
A. you helping C. you to help D. that you help
---- That's good. We tried_____ noisy.
A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be
B. lived as a good place
D. living in as a good place
---- ______ new officers.
B. Selecting C. To select D. For 9. ---- Where did he go? ---- He went to another store ______.
A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils
10. ---- My baby has a heart trouble. ---- Did the doctor find it difficult ______ ?
A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat
11. ---- Did the judge ask you many questions? ---- Yes, and ______.
A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult
C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering
12. That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday.
A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didn't eat D. to not have eaten
13. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home.
A. go B. to go C. going . 14.That box is____.
A. too heavy for me to carry C. so heavy for me to carry 15. Would you be ______ to do me a favour, please?
A. so kind as . B. too kind as D. enough kind
16. To learn to speak English well,_____.
A. much practice is needed C. much practice is needed by one A. so not as to B. so as not C. so as to not D. not so as to
B. how dresses be made
D. how dresses to be made
A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living
B. to be spoken ill of C. speaking ill of D. spoken ill of
been B. to be C. was D. had been
22. I was surprised______.
A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly
C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly
23. Mr. White was seen ______ the Palace Museum.
A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to entering
24. I saw Mary ____ the house.
A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go into
C. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into
25. Paul does nothing but _____ all day long.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
26. Now we could not do anything but ______ for him here.
A. waited B. waiting C. to wait 27. I don't know her and I don't ______ .
A. want B. want to C. want it D. to want
28. ---- Go to the theatre with me, will you? have time.
A. to B. too D. to go to
29. To play fair is as important as ______.
A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well
A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved
C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved
A. That, to be loved C. It, be loved D. It, to be loved
C. with you saying D. in your saying
B. took C. spent D. used
B. to reject . C. to be rejected D. 35. He told her ______ there at once.
A. get B. gets C. should get D. to get
36. We all think it most foolish ______ this mistake.
A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make
37. I really don't know ____ .
A. to swim B. how to swim C. to swim how D. how swim
38. ---- What do you think about English? ---- It's a difficult language _____.
A. speaking B. to be spoken C. to speak D. spoken
语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式
1~5 DDACC 6~10 BCCAD 11~15 CABAA 16~20 BBAAB 21~25 ADBAA 26~30 DBAAC 31~35 DBBCD 36~38 BBC