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2013考研英语长难句精讲讲义
主讲人：何凯文
北京外国语大学
适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当英语者。
课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从此再无长难句。为翻译和英文写作夯实基础。
第一部分
�
l
�英中文转化过程中在句子层面的障碍
英文句子阅读的实际过程是什么？方法论讲解
句子可以是这样的：Thereissomethingbyreasonofwhichmanisman.
�英语句子的分类：
句和句
简单句的定义：
�简单句的障碍来源
简单句没有障碍的情况:
1.2.3.4.5.
William，doyoutakeJerryforyourlawfulwife,tohaveandtohold,fromthisdayforward,forbetter,forworse,forricher,forpoorer,insicknessandinhealth,untildeathdopartyou?
简单句的障碍来源：
1.2.3.
�简单句的障碍识别及处理方法
:
作用和识别：
前置定语
后置定语：
studentunawareofmypresence
fightingwithxiaoguaisou
picturepaintedbyPicasso
waytosolvethisproblem
appleonthetable
catalive
important4.nuun.+
处理：
定语从句（不属于简单句范畴）
定语从句的作用：
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今生：.Ihavethreebooksofwhichtheredismyfavorite.
前世：
关系代词：
定语从句的连接词：
关系连词：
介词+关系代词：定语从句的处理方法：
Eg1.ApoemlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver.
Eg2.Manisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.
Eg3.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.
Eg4.Thesunrisesthatlooksbeautiful.
练习：请将下面的两个句子用定语从句写成一个句子：
Theambitionmustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired.
Theeducatedisnotleastamongthem.
Theambitionmustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,
Theambitionmustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,
作用：
识别：
处理：
Eg1.TheCourtsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect",acenturies-oldmoralprinciple
Eg2.Robotswillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.
AofB为同位语的条件：
上下义词的作用：
同位语从句：(不属于简单句的范畴
)
结构识别：
名词+that+句子
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例子：
Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed-weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal.
IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgia,sonsofformerslavesandsonsofformerslave-ownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.
Ihaveadreamthatoneday,eventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.
Ihaveadreammyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.
Ihaveadreamtoday!
FromIHaveaDream~MartinLutherKing
n作用：
识别：
处理：
万能插入语：
Ratherthan:
n状语：
作用：
例句：
Sheisadmittedlyreliable.
Itispainfullyapparentthatsheisaliar.
Heisobviouslyintelligent.
Thetomatoistechnicallyafruit.
China'slong-termmodernizationprogramunderstandablyandnecessarilyemphasizeseconomicgrowth.识别：
处理：例1：Usingtechniquesdevelopedfortheoffshoreoilandgasindustry,theDSDP’sdrillship,theGlomarChallenger,wasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean’ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,extractingsamplesofsedimentsandrocksfromtheoceanfloor.(FromTOEFLauthentictest)
例2：Afewartcollectors---JamesBowdenⅢofBoston,William
ByrdofVirginian,andtheAliensAndHamiltonofPhiladelphia---introducedEuropeanarttraditionstothosecolonistsprivilegedtovisittheirgalleries,especiallyaspiringartists,andestablishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.(FromTOEFLauthentictest)
对一种隔离结构的强调
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1.Theymaintainwithacertainfidelitytheprincipleofthisschool.
2.Heelectedashisprimarydutyandhappinessinhislifethethinkingactivityaboutthemoralproblem.
�非简单句的障碍来源
非简单句的构成：
�非简单句的障碍解决方案
n关联词和主句专一原则
关联词分类：
1.关系代词：,
2.关系连词：
3.标点符号：
4.并列连词：
主句专一原则:
1.2.例证：
�
u
l句子之间的关联方式1.并列并列联词的用法
1.
2.
3.
4.
例1．Hedrankbeer,anditmadehimfat.
例2.ItisalittleupsettingtoreadthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficerandtofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!"Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.并列连词的用法
1.连接两个句子（句间的并列）
2.连接两个句中成分可以是从句也可以是短语等（句中并列），从连词后往前寻找并列成分。
3.并列连词表示并列的终结
4.并列常常引起省略（可以是省略并列成分也可以省略连词如and等）
例1．Hedrankbeer,anditmadehimfat.句间的并列
例2.ItisalittleupsettingtoreadthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficer
andtofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!"Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.（句中并列）
解析：并列成分为toread…andtofind…
AandB,CandD.
解析：并列连词表示并列的终结就意味着：AandB是一个并列成分和C以及D构成并列；
TOseetheworldinagrainofsand
Andaheaveninawildflower
Holdinfinityinthepalmofyourhand例3.例4.
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Andeternityinanhour.
一沙一世界，一花一天国
君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫。
例5.ThelovesongofthesixthDalaiLama
Tshangs-dbyangs-rgya-mtsho(1683-1707or1746),wastheSixthDalaiLamaofTibet,hewasalsoawell-acclaimedpoet.
Thatday,
IclosedmyeyesintheincensefogoftheBuddha’sHall,suddenlyheardthemantrafromyourvoice;
Thatmonth,
Iturnedalltheprayerwheels,notformysalvation,butforthetouchofyourfingertips;
Thatyear,
Iprostratedmyselfalongthemountainpaths,notformypilgrimage,butforthewarmthofbeingclosetoyou;Thatlife,
Iturnedaroundmountainsandrivers，IturnedaroundallthePagodas,
notforearningmyafterlife,buttomeetwithyouintheway.
那一天，闭目在经殿香雾中，蓦然听见你颂经中的真言。
那一月，我摇动所有的转经筒，不为超度，只为触摸你的指尖。
那一年，磕长头匍匐在山路，不为觐见，只为贴着你的温暖。
那一世，转山转水转佛塔啊，不为修来生，只为途中与你相见
u2.主从复合（嵌套）
主从复合句的分类：
三大从句：
名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
形容词性从句：定语从句
副词性从句：状语从句
常见的关联词：
名词性从句：关系代词：what，who，whom，which,
关系连词：that,when,where,how,
形容词性从句：见定语从句
副词性从句：
�层次化句子阅读法:
1.层次化结构的表示形式
例1：However,formanyyears,physiciststhoughtthatatomsandmoleculesalwaysweremuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneouslyandthatstimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldbemuchweaker.
例2：ItappearedthatCanadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamiliesthatoccurredthroughalltheWesternworldsincethetimeoftheIndustrialRevolution.
例3：Thehistoryofclinicalnutritionorthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenhealthandhowthebodytakesin
and
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utilizesfoodsubstances,canbedividedintofourdistincteras:thefirstbeganinthenineteenthcenturyandextendedintotheearlytwentiethcenturywhenitwasrecognizedforthefirsttimethatfoodcontainedconstituentsthatwereessentialforhumanfunctionandthatdifferentfoodsprovideddifferentamountsoftheseessentialagents.
3.完整信息链法
缘起：
主谓隔离：
谓宾隔离：解决之道：
例1.Thefactthatartisans,whowerelookedonasmechanicsorskilledworkersintheeighteenthcentury,
arefrequentlyconsideredartiststodayisdirectlyattributabletotheArtsandCraftsMovementofthe
nineteenthcentury.
Anyonewhohashandledafossilizedboneknowsthatitisusuallynotexactlylikeitsmodern
counterpart,themostobviousdifferencebeingthatitisoftenmuchheavier.
Thenotionthatlearningshouldhaveinitanelementofinspiredplaywouldseemtothegreaterpart
oftheacademicestablishmentmerelysilly.例2.例3.
非谓语动词和独立主格：
例：PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.
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非正常语序之倒装句：
�倒装句的分析方法
倒装句的定义：
倒装句的分类:
倒装句的处理流程:
部分倒装：
1.部分倒装的定义：
2.部分倒装的识别和还原：
完全倒装：1.完全倒装定义：
2.完全倒装的存在环境:
能够在句子中充当主语和表语的成份nu
常见的系动词
Be,come,go,run,walk,lie,crouch,stand,descend,ascend,become,
u3.完全倒装的判断流程
Step1
Step2
Step3
例1：Hereinlaythebeginningofturnfromignorancetodenialofthevalueofnutritionaltherapiesinmedicine.例2：Surroundingthecolumnarethreesepalsandthreepetals,sometimeseasilyrecognizableassuch,oftendistortedintogorgeous,weird,butalwaysfunctionalshapes.
例3：YoungpeopleinCanada,today,marriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlierandbegantoraiselargerfamiliesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression.
例4：BasictoanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWaristhecountry’simpressivepopulationgrowth.
例5：Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspots.
例6．Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicalsareherincreased“opportunities”forstress.
例7：Amongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffstomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets.
例8：Mostimportant,perhaps,wasthattheyhadallmaintainedwithacertainfidelitythetechniqueandcompositionconsistentwiththoseofAmerica’sfirstpopularlandscapeartist,ThomasCole,whobuiltacareerpaintingtheCatskillMountainsceneryborderingtheHudsonRiver.
例10：Indeed,haditnotbeenforthesuperbpreservationofthesefossils,theymightwellhavebeenclassifiedasdinosaurs.
例11:Allwouldbewell，werereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationismandevolutiondebate.
Snowflakes-byHenryWadsworthLongfellow
OutofthebosomoftheAir,garmentsshaken,bare,
Outofthecloud-foldsofherOverthewoodlandsbrownandOvertheharvest-fields
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forsaken,
Silent,andsoft,andslow
Descendsthesnow.
Evenasourcloudyfanciestake
Suddenlyshapeinsomedivine
expression,
Evenasthetroubledheartdoth
�
n强调句的分析方法1.强调句的构成makeinthewhitecountenanceconfession,Thetroubledskyrevealsthegriefitfeels.Thisisthepoemoftheair,Slowlyinsilentsyllablesrecorded;thisisthesecretofdespair,Longinitscloudybosomhoarded,nowwhisperedandrevealedtowoodandfield.
n2.强调句的处理方法例1：Itwasjustadecadebeforethisthatmanydrugcompanieshadfoundtheirvitaminsalesskyrocketingandwerequicktosupplypracticingphysicianswithgeneroussamplesofvitaminsandliteratureextollingthevirtueofsupplementationforavarietyofhealth-relatedconditions.
例2：Itwasshe,aBaltimoreprinter,whopublishedthefirstofficialcopiesoftheDeclaration,thefirstcopiesthatincludedthenamesofitssignersandthereforeheraldedthesupportofallthirteencolonies.
例3：Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.
�省略
例1：ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.
例2：Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.
例3：Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.
1、对句子的完整处理流程
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2、强调：阅读句子时要对关联词和谓语动词敏感。
结语：句子在阅读中的地位？uextensivereading：
Intensivereading：
大家网考研论坛
2013考研英语长难句精讲讲义
主讲人：何凯文
北京外国语大学
适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当英语者。
课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从此再无长难句。为翻译和英文写作夯实基础。
第一部分
�
l
�英中文转化过程中在句子层面的障碍
英文句子阅读的实际过程是什么？方法论讲解
句子可以是这样的：Thereissomethingbyreasonofwhichmanisman.
�英语句子的分类：
句和句
简单句的定义：
�简单句的障碍来源
简单句没有障碍的情况:
1.2.3.4.5.
William，doyoutakeJerryforyourlawfulwife,tohaveandtohold,fromthisdayforward,forbetter,forworse,forricher,forpoorer,insicknessandinhealth,untildeathdopartyou?
简单句的障碍来源：
1.2.3.
�简单句的障碍识别及处理方法
:
作用和识别：
前置定语
后置定语：
studentunawareofmypresence
fightingwithxiaoguaisou
picturepaintedbyPicasso
waytosolvethisproblem
appleonthetable
catalive
important4.nuun.+
处理：
定语从句（不属于简单句范畴）
定语从句的作用：
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今生：.Ihavethreebooksofwhichtheredismyfavorite.
前世：
关系代词：
定语从句的连接词：
关系连词：
介词+关系代词：定语从句的处理方法：
Eg1.ApoemlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver.
Eg2.Manisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.
Eg3.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.
Eg4.Thesunrisesthatlooksbeautiful.
练习：请将下面的两个句子用定语从句写成一个句子：
Theambitionmustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired.
Theeducatedisnotleastamongthem.
Theambitionmustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,
Theambitionmustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,
作用：
识别：
处理：
Eg1.TheCourtsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect",acenturies-oldmoralprinciple
Eg2.Robotswillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.
AofB为同位语的条件：
上下义词的作用：
同位语从句：(不属于简单句的范畴
)
结构识别：
名词+that+句子
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例子：
Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed-weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal.
IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgia,sonsofformerslavesandsonsofformerslave-ownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.
Ihaveadreamthatoneday,eventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.
Ihaveadreammyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.
Ihaveadreamtoday!
FromIHaveaDream~MartinLutherKing
n作用：
识别：
处理：
万能插入语：
Ratherthan:
n状语：
作用：
例句：
Sheisadmittedlyreliable.
Itispainfullyapparentthatsheisaliar.
Heisobviouslyintelligent.
Thetomatoistechnicallyafruit.
China'slong-termmodernizationprogramunderstandablyandnecessarilyemphasizeseconomicgrowth.识别：
处理：例1：Usingtechniquesdevelopedfortheoffshoreoilandgasindustry,theDSDP’sdrillship,theGlomarChallenger,wasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean’ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,extractingsamplesofsedimentsandrocksfromtheoceanfloor.(FromTOEFLauthentictest)
例2：Afewartcollectors---JamesBowdenⅢofBoston,William
ByrdofVirginian,andtheAliensAndHamiltonofPhiladelphia---introducedEuropeanarttraditionstothosecolonistsprivilegedtovisittheirgalleries,especiallyaspiringartists,andestablishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.(FromTOEFLauthentictest)
对一种隔离结构的强调
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1.Theymaintainwithacertainfidelitytheprincipleofthisschool.
2.Heelectedashisprimarydutyandhappinessinhislifethethinkingactivityaboutthemoralproblem.
�非简单句的障碍来源
非简单句的构成：
�非简单句的障碍解决方案
n关联词和主句专一原则
关联词分类：
1.关系代词：,
2.关系连词：
3.标点符号：
4.并列连词：
主句专一原则:
1.2.例证：
�
u
l句子之间的关联方式1.并列并列联词的用法
1.
2.
3.
4.
例1．Hedrankbeer,anditmadehimfat.
例2.ItisalittleupsettingtoreadthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficerandtofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!"Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.并列连词的用法
1.连接两个句子（句间的并列）
2.连接两个句中成分可以是从句也可以是短语等（句中并列），从连词后往前寻找并列成分。
3.并列连词表示并列的终结
4.并列常常引起省略（可以是省略并列成分也可以省略连词如and等）
例1．Hedrankbeer,anditmadehimfat.句间的并列
例2.ItisalittleupsettingtoreadthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficer
andtofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!"Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.（句中并列）
解析：并列成分为toread…andtofind…
AandB,CandD.
解析：并列连词表示并列的终结就意味着：AandB是一个并列成分和C以及D构成并列；
TOseetheworldinagrainofsand
Andaheaveninawildflower
Holdinfinityinthepalmofyourhand例3.例4.
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Andeternityinanhour.
一沙一世界，一花一天国
君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫。
例5.ThelovesongofthesixthDalaiLama
Tshangs-dbyangs-rgya-mtsho(1683-1707or1746),wastheSixthDalaiLamaofTibet,hewasalsoawell-acclaimedpoet.
Thatday,
IclosedmyeyesintheincensefogoftheBuddha’sHall,suddenlyheardthemantrafromyourvoice;
Thatmonth,
Iturnedalltheprayerwheels,notformysalvation,butforthetouchofyourfingertips;
Thatyear,
Iprostratedmyselfalongthemountainpaths,notformypilgrimage,butforthewarmthofbeingclosetoyou;Thatlife,
Iturnedaroundmountainsandrivers，IturnedaroundallthePagodas,
notforearningmyafterlife,buttomeetwithyouintheway.
那一天，闭目在经殿香雾中，蓦然听见你颂经中的真言。
那一月，我摇动所有的转经筒，不为超度，只为触摸你的指尖。
那一年，磕长头匍匐在山路，不为觐见，只为贴着你的温暖。
那一世，转山转水转佛塔啊，不为修来生，只为途中与你相见
u2.主从复合（嵌套）
主从复合句的分类：
三大从句：
名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
形容词性从句：定语从句
副词性从句：状语从句
常见的关联词：
名词性从句：关系代词：what，who，whom，which,
关系连词：that,when,where,how,
形容词性从句：见定语从句
副词性从句：
�层次化句子阅读法:
1.层次化结构的表示形式
例1：However,formanyyears,physiciststhoughtthatatomsandmoleculesalwaysweremuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneouslyandthatstimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldbemuchweaker.
例2：ItappearedthatCanadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamiliesthatoccurredthroughalltheWesternworldsincethetimeoftheIndustrialRevolution.
例3：Thehistoryofclinicalnutritionorthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenhealthandhowthebodytakesin
and
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utilizesfoodsubstances,canbedividedintofourdistincteras:thefirstbeganinthenineteenthcenturyandextendedintotheearlytwentiethcenturywhenitwasrecognizedforthefirsttimethatfoodcontainedconstituentsthatwereessentialforhumanfunctionandthatdifferentfoodsprovideddifferentamountsoftheseessentialagents.
3.完整信息链法
缘起：
主谓隔离：
谓宾隔离：解决之道：
例1.Thefactthatartisans,whowerelookedonasmechanicsorskilledworkersintheeighteenthcentury,
arefrequentlyconsideredartiststodayisdirectlyattributabletotheArtsandCraftsMovementofthe
nineteenthcentury.
Anyonewhohashandledafossilizedboneknowsthatitisusuallynotexactlylikeitsmodern
counterpart,themostobviousdifferencebeingthatitisoftenmuchheavier.
Thenotionthatlearningshouldhaveinitanelementofinspiredplaywouldseemtothegreaterpart
oftheacademicestablishmentmerelysilly.例2.例3.
非谓语动词和独立主格：
例：PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.
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非正常语序之倒装句：
�倒装句的分析方法
倒装句的定义：
倒装句的分类:
倒装句的处理流程:
部分倒装：
1.部分倒装的定义：
2.部分倒装的识别和还原：
完全倒装：1.完全倒装定义：
2.完全倒装的存在环境:
能够在句子中充当主语和表语的成份nu
常见的系动词
Be,come,go,run,walk,lie,crouch,stand,descend,ascend,become,
u3.完全倒装的判断流程
Step1
Step2
Step3
例1：Hereinlaythebeginningofturnfromignorancetodenialofthevalueofnutritionaltherapiesinmedicine.例2：Surroundingthecolumnarethreesepalsandthreepetals,sometimeseasilyrecognizableassuch,oftendistortedintogorgeous,weird,butalwaysfunctionalshapes.
例3：YoungpeopleinCanada,today,marriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlierandbegantoraiselargerfamiliesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression.
例4：BasictoanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWaristhecountry’simpressivepopulationgrowth.
例5：Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspots.
例6．Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicalsareherincreased“opportunities”forstress.
例7：Amongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffstomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets.
例8：Mostimportant,perhaps,wasthattheyhadallmaintainedwithacertainfidelitythetechniqueandcompositionconsistentwiththoseofAmerica’sfirstpopularlandscapeartist,ThomasCole,whobuiltacareerpaintingtheCatskillMountainsceneryborderingtheHudsonRiver.
例10：Indeed,haditnotbeenforthesuperbpreservationofthesefossils,theymightwellhavebeenclassifiedasdinosaurs.
例11:Allwouldbewell，werereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationismandevolutiondebate.
Snowflakes-byHenryWadsworthLongfellow
OutofthebosomoftheAir,garmentsshaken,bare,
Outofthecloud-foldsofherOverthewoodlandsbrownandOvertheharvest-fields
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forsaken,
Silent,andsoft,andslow
Descendsthesnow.
Evenasourcloudyfanciestake
Suddenlyshapeinsomedivine
expression,
Evenasthetroubledheartdoth
�
n强调句的分析方法1.强调句的构成makeinthewhitecountenanceconfession,Thetroubledskyrevealsthegriefitfeels.Thisisthepoemoftheair,Slowlyinsilentsyllablesrecorded;thisisthesecretofdespair,Longinitscloudybosomhoarded,nowwhisperedandrevealedtowoodandfield.
n2.强调句的处理方法例1：Itwasjustadecadebeforethisthatmanydrugcompanieshadfoundtheirvitaminsalesskyrocketingandwerequicktosupplypracticingphysicianswithgeneroussamplesofvitaminsandliteratureextollingthevirtueofsupplementationforavarietyofhealth-relatedconditions.
例2：Itwasshe,aBaltimoreprinter,whopublishedthefirstofficialcopiesoftheDeclaration,thefirstcopiesthatincludedthenamesofitssignersandthereforeheraldedthesupportofallthirteencolonies.
例3：Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.
�省略
例1：ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.
例2：Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.
例3：Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.
1、对句子的完整处理流程
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2、强调：阅读句子时要对关联词和谓语动词敏感。
结语：句子在阅读中的地位？uextensivereading：
Intensivereading：