14非谓语动词之动词不定式
一、 动词不定式的类型
两种表现形式：一种是“to+动词原形”，另一种是“疑问词+to+动词原形”
二、 动词不定式的句法功能
1. 动词不定式作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
2. 动词不定式作表语
Her job is to look after the children.
3. 动词不定式作宾语
He wants to buy some stamps.
4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
The doctor told me to have a rest.
5. 动词不定式作定语
I want something to eat.
6. 动词不定式作状语
Yesterday they came to visit us.
三、动词不定式的时态和语态
1. 一般式：to do 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之后，或同时发生。
I want to visit my teacher.(表示之后)
I believe him to be a good student.（表示同时）
2. 完成式：to have done 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.
3. 进行式：to be doing 表示不定式的动作与谓语的动作同时进行.
He seems to be worrying about it.
4. 被动语态： to be done 表示被动关系
The sick man will need to be taken to a hospital.
四、动词不定式的重点与难点
1. 疑问词+to+动词原形
1）该句型常可与宾语从句互换。
I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.
2）疑问词在不定式中充当成分时，疑问代词作宾语，疑问副词作状语。
I don’t know what to do.（疑问代词what 作宾语）
I don’t know how to do it. （疑问副词how 作状语）
2. 动词不定式作定语
1）动词不定式要放在所修饰的名词、代词之后
He has an important meeting to attend.
2）动词不定式与所修饰的名词、代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
They want a big room to live in.
Pass me a knife to cut the bread with.
3. 动词不定式作状语
The house is very comfortable to live in.
The pen is good to write with.
五、使用动词不定式的注意事项
1．有些动词后的不定式省略to 。
1）祈使动词如make ，let ，have
The boss made Tom’s father work all day.
2) 感官动词如hear ，see ，notice
I saw him go into the classroom just now.
3）用于被动语态时， 被省略的to 需要还原。
He was made to do the job at once.
4）动词不定式的否定需在to 前加not
Mother often tells Tom not to play football in the street.
5）带to 的不定式作表语时， 常用形式主语it 代替，其作表语的形容词有important, easy, difficult, hard, good, bad, right.
It is hard for him to work out such a difficult problem.
6）接不定式作宾语的动词有want, wish, hope, decide等
7）接带to 的不定式作宾补的动词有ask, tell, get, wish, want, like, teach等
8）接不带to 的不定式作宾补的动词有let, make, have, see, watch, feel, listen to等
9）带to 的不定式作定语的动词有have ，there be
六、动词不定式的几个重要句型
1. 疑问词+动词不定式
My teacher didn’t tell me what to do next.
2. too… to…
They are too shy to speak English.
It ’s too dark for him to see anything in the room.
3. It is/was +形容词+of sb. to do sth.（形容词能修饰sb. 和 to do sth.）
It is/was +形容词+for sb. to do sth. （形容词只能修饰to do sth.）
It was very clever of him to do it like that.
It was hard for him to say goodbye.
4. There be…to do有…要做
There are some clothes to wash.
There is a room to clean.
5. be about to do sth.正要去做，将要去做
I was about to go to bed when the policeman knocked at the door.
7. had better do sth.最好……
had better not do sth.最好不要……
You had better not eat too much.
14非谓语动词之动词不定式
一、 动词不定式的类型
两种表现形式：一种是“to+动词原形”，另一种是“疑问词+to+动词原形”
二、 动词不定式的句法功能
1. 动词不定式作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
2. 动词不定式作表语
Her job is to look after the children.
3. 动词不定式作宾语
He wants to buy some stamps.
4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
The doctor told me to have a rest.
5. 动词不定式作定语
I want something to eat.
6. 动词不定式作状语
Yesterday they came to visit us.
三、动词不定式的时态和语态
1. 一般式：to do 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之后，或同时发生。
I want to visit my teacher.(表示之后)
I believe him to be a good student.（表示同时）
2. 完成式：to have done 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.
3. 进行式：to be doing 表示不定式的动作与谓语的动作同时进行.
He seems to be worrying about it.
4. 被动语态： to be done 表示被动关系
The sick man will need to be taken to a hospital.
四、动词不定式的重点与难点
1. 疑问词+to+动词原形
1）该句型常可与宾语从句互换。
I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.
2）疑问词在不定式中充当成分时，疑问代词作宾语，疑问副词作状语。
I don’t know what to do.（疑问代词what 作宾语）
I don’t know how to do it. （疑问副词how 作状语）
2. 动词不定式作定语
1）动词不定式要放在所修饰的名词、代词之后
He has an important meeting to attend.
2）动词不定式与所修饰的名词、代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
They want a big room to live in.
Pass me a knife to cut the bread with.
3. 动词不定式作状语
The house is very comfortable to live in.
The pen is good to write with.
五、使用动词不定式的注意事项
1．有些动词后的不定式省略to 。
1）祈使动词如make ，let ，have
The boss made Tom’s father work all day.
2) 感官动词如hear ，see ，notice
I saw him go into the classroom just now.
3）用于被动语态时， 被省略的to 需要还原。
He was made to do the job at once.
4）动词不定式的否定需在to 前加not
Mother often tells Tom not to play football in the street.
5）带to 的不定式作表语时， 常用形式主语it 代替，其作表语的形容词有important, easy, difficult, hard, good, bad, right.
It is hard for him to work out such a difficult problem.
6）接不定式作宾语的动词有want, wish, hope, decide等
7）接带to 的不定式作宾补的动词有ask, tell, get, wish, want, like, teach等
8）接不带to 的不定式作宾补的动词有let, make, have, see, watch, feel, listen to等
9）带to 的不定式作定语的动词有have ，there be
六、动词不定式的几个重要句型
1. 疑问词+动词不定式
My teacher didn’t tell me what to do next.
2. too… to…
They are too shy to speak English.
It ’s too dark for him to see anything in the room.
3. It is/was +形容词+of sb. to do sth.（形容词能修饰sb. 和 to do sth.）
It is/was +形容词+for sb. to do sth. （形容词只能修饰to do sth.）
It was very clever of him to do it like that.
It was hard for him to say goodbye.
4. There be…to do有…要做
There are some clothes to wash.
There is a room to clean.
5. be about to do sth.正要去做，将要去做
I was about to go to bed when the policeman knocked at the door.
7. had better do sth.最好……
had better not do sth.最好不要……
You had better not eat too much.