Unit 3 English Throughout the World
Topic 3 Could you give us some advice on how to learn English well ?
Ⅰ. 重点短语（词组）
注：带“*”为拓展。
Ⅱ.单词、句型(辨)解析 1、dare （1）当 dare 为情态动词时，意为“敢于”，后接动词原形，其否定句在 dare 后加 not，疑问句把 dare 提到主语之前。（没有动词的其它形式）如：She dare not tell him the truth. 她不敢对他讲实话。 How dare you say that? 你竟敢那样说？
（2）⑴ 当 dare 为实义动词时：其后面通常接带 to 的不定式，但实际上常常省略。它有动词的全部形式，即第三人称单数 dares，现在分词 daring 及过去式和过去分词 dared。如： He doesn't dare (to) say anything. 他什么也不敢说。
⑵ dare 通常不用于肯定句，除了 I dare say（我想……）这一说法。如： I dare say there will be a restaurant car on the train. 我想这火车上会有餐车。 2、afraid
（1）只能作表语形容词，不能作定语形容词。如：
He was so afraid that he couldn't fall asleep. 他害怕得无法入睡。
（2）be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。指担心会发生某事或某种情况（但实际上未必会发生）。如： She was afraid of waking her husband. 她害怕吵醒她的丈夫。 （3）be afraid to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事。如：
Mr. Black was afraid to climb the tree. 布莱克先生害怕/不敢爬树。
（4）常用表达：I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行 I'm afraid so. 恐怕是这样的（表示不十分地确信） 3、aloud，loud 与 loudly 的区别 （1）aloud adv. 出声地，大声地
⑴ 作“出声地”解时，常与 read 连用，是Please read aloud the text aloud.
⑵ 作“大声地”解时，常与 shout，call，cry 等连用。如：The girl shouted aloud to the bus driver. （2）loud ⑴ 作形容词时,表示“大声，响亮”的意思，e.g. Mr. Green gave a loud laugh when he heard the joke. ⑵ 作副词时，用于 talk，speak，laugh 等词后，在 e.g. Don't talk so loud/loudly.
◇ ⑶ e.g. Can you talk a little louder? （3）loudly
loudly 与 loud 相比，loudly 侧重“高声地”，含有“喧闹，吵闹”的意味。 e.g. Someone knocked loudly at the door. 4、keep
（1）系动词：keep + adj. （2）行为动词
⑴ 保存，保持：keep + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人/某物保持……样 e.g. Please keep the children warm. 请让孩子们保持温暖。
I'll keep the picture for ever. 我将永远保存这幅画。 ⑵ 借（延续性）：I have kept this book for two weeks. 我借了这本书已经两个星期了。 ⑶ 饲养，喂养：keep pets 饲养宠物
⑷ keep sb./sth. doing ... 使某人/某物保持……样
e.g. She kept up waiting for a long time. 她让我们等了好长时间。
⑸ keep doing sth. 继续/坚持做某事 [强调一种活动(状态)的持续不间断] e.g. He kept talking for about an hour. 他整整谈了大约一个小时。
⑹ keep on doing sth. 继续/坚持做某事 [强调动作反复、继续进行，持之以恒]
e.g. My sister kept on asking me question after question. 我妹妹不停地问我一个又一个问题。 相同点：都可表示“老是（不断）做某事” ⑺ keep(=catch) up with 追上、赶上
⑻ keep sb./sth. from doing sth. = stop/prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止、防止某人/某物做某事 5、believe
（1）believe 后接人，意为“相信某人所说的话”; 后接事物，意为“相信某事是真实的”。如：-----I did pay the money back! 我确实还钱了。 -----OK, I believe you. 好，我相信你。 The police didn't believe her story. 警察不相信她的说法。 （2）believe in 表示信任（某人）或信仰（宗教、真理）。如：Do you believe in God? 你相信上帝吗？ My mother doesn't believe in Buddhism. 我母亲不信佛。 6、besides 与 except 7、whethe 与 if Ⅲ. 重点句子
1. How nice to see you back! 很高兴看你回来！
2. I've been to many places of interest. 我去了很多风景名胜的地方。
3. Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A.? 你在美国能表达自己的意思吗？ 4. Not really.不完全是。
5. I know that oral English is very important，but I dare not speak English in public. 我知道英语口语非常重要，但是我不敢当众说英语。（注：dare 在此为情态动词）
6. I always feel sleepy in English class. 在英语课上我总是感到昏昏欲睡。
7. I don't know what to do. = I don't know what I should do. 我不知道该怎么办。 8. At times I feel like giving up. 有时我想放弃。 9. He can't pronunce well. 他发音不好。
10. I'm sorry，I can't follow you. Can you speak more slowly，please? 抱歉，我跟不上你(的语速)。请你讲慢一点，好吗？
11. I beg your pardon? = Pardon? 你能再说一遍吗？
12. Could you give me some advice on/about how to learn English well? 你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗？
13. I am weak/poor in English. 我英语学得不好。
14. Could you tell me how to improve my reading ability? 你能告诉我如何掉高我的阅读能力吗？
15. I dare not answer questions in class，because I'm afraid of making mistakes. 我不敢在课堂上回答问题，因为我怕犯错误。
16. My difficulty in learning English is how to get the pronunciation right.
17. I don't know whether to join in English bulb. 我不知道是否去加入英语俱乐部。
18. Please tell me which TV channels can help me to learn English. （从句不需调换语序）请告诉我哪一些电视频道能帮助我学英语。
19. I wonder when is the best time to remember words. 我想知道什么时候是记单词的最佳时间。 20. You can use new words in sentences and copy them in your notebook. 21. What learning methods are you using?
22. I'm very glad to share our opinions with you. 我很乐意把我们的观点说给你们听。[链接] share 在此意为“把（想法、秘密、问题等）向别人诉说”e.g. Are you going to share the joke with us? 你要把这个笑话讲给我们听吗？
23. It's an honor to do sth. 做某事感到很荣幸。（it 为形式主语，真正的主语是 to do sth.）e.g. It's an honor to be invited here today. 今天承蒙邀请到此，深感荣幸。
24. prefer[preferred]/ (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. = like (doing) sth. better than (doing) sth. 与(做)某事相比更喜欢(做)另一件事
*25. prefer to do...，rather than do... 宁可/愿做……，而不愿做…… e.g. I prefer to do this rather than that. 我宁愿做这件事而不愿做那件事。
26. But remember to choose the ones that suit you best. 但是记住选择最适合你的方法。
[链接] ones pron. ，指代上文的 good methods。
27. I'm sure that you'll make great progress as long as you stick to them. 我确信只要坚持下去，你们就将取得很大的进步。
[链接] （1）as long as 只要，引导条件状语从句。e.g. I'll go to the airport to meet you as long as you come. 你只要来，我就会去机场接你。
（2）stick to (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事。e.g. He sticks to speaking English every day. 他坚持每天说英语。 28. Whom do you agree with? 你同意谁(的观点)？ 29. No man is born wise or learned. 人非生而知之。
30. A little learning is a dangerous thing. 浅学寡识是件危险的事。
31. Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是通往成功之路的第一步。 32. Clothes don't make the man. 人品好坏，不在穿戴。 33. Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。 34. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
35. Have you learned other languages besides Chinese? 除汉语之外，你还学过别的语言吗？
36. I have come to realize that it doesn't matter if I don't understand every word. 我已经渐渐意识到，如果我不理解每一个单词的意思也没关系。
37. One of the secrets of becoming a good language learner is to do lots of listening practice. 成为一个语言学习者的其中一个秘密之一是多做听力练习。
38. Last but not least，I keep on trying and never give up. 最后但同样重要的是，我一直在努力，从不放弃。
Ⅲ. 语法精粹——动词不定式：to + 动词原形
动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在
句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：
注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如： It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work. 动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成. 如:
Tell him not to be late. The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.
4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如： Let me listen to you sing the song. He watched his son play computer games. I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.
The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.
5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用——动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如： The question is when to start. I don’t know where to go . He showed me how to use a computer. What to do is a big problem.
Unit 3 English Throughout the World
Topic 3 Could you give us some advice on how to learn English well ?
Ⅰ. 重点短语（词组）
注：带“*”为拓展。
Ⅱ.单词、句型(辨)解析 1、dare （1）当 dare 为情态动词时，意为“敢于”，后接动词原形，其否定句在 dare 后加 not，疑问句把 dare 提到主语之前。（没有动词的其它形式）如：She dare not tell him the truth. 她不敢对他讲实话。 How dare you say that? 你竟敢那样说？
（2）⑴ 当 dare 为实义动词时：其后面通常接带 to 的不定式，但实际上常常省略。它有动词的全部形式，即第三人称单数 dares，现在分词 daring 及过去式和过去分词 dared。如： He doesn't dare (to) say anything. 他什么也不敢说。
⑵ dare 通常不用于肯定句，除了 I dare say（我想……）这一说法。如： I dare say there will be a restaurant car on the train. 我想这火车上会有餐车。 2、afraid
（1）只能作表语形容词，不能作定语形容词。如：
He was so afraid that he couldn't fall asleep. 他害怕得无法入睡。
（2）be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。指担心会发生某事或某种情况（但实际上未必会发生）。如： She was afraid of waking her husband. 她害怕吵醒她的丈夫。 （3）be afraid to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事。如：
Mr. Black was afraid to climb the tree. 布莱克先生害怕/不敢爬树。
（4）常用表达：I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行 I'm afraid so. 恐怕是这样的（表示不十分地确信） 3、aloud，loud 与 loudly 的区别 （1）aloud adv. 出声地，大声地
⑴ 作“出声地”解时，常与 read 连用，是Please read aloud the text aloud.
⑵ 作“大声地”解时，常与 shout，call，cry 等连用。如：The girl shouted aloud to the bus driver. （2）loud ⑴ 作形容词时,表示“大声，响亮”的意思，e.g. Mr. Green gave a loud laugh when he heard the joke. ⑵ 作副词时，用于 talk，speak，laugh 等词后，在 e.g. Don't talk so loud/loudly.
◇ ⑶ e.g. Can you talk a little louder? （3）loudly
loudly 与 loud 相比，loudly 侧重“高声地”，含有“喧闹，吵闹”的意味。 e.g. Someone knocked loudly at the door. 4、keep
（1）系动词：keep + adj. （2）行为动词
⑴ 保存，保持：keep + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人/某物保持……样 e.g. Please keep the children warm. 请让孩子们保持温暖。
I'll keep the picture for ever. 我将永远保存这幅画。 ⑵ 借（延续性）：I have kept this book for two weeks. 我借了这本书已经两个星期了。 ⑶ 饲养，喂养：keep pets 饲养宠物
⑷ keep sb./sth. doing ... 使某人/某物保持……样
e.g. She kept up waiting for a long time. 她让我们等了好长时间。
⑸ keep doing sth. 继续/坚持做某事 [强调一种活动(状态)的持续不间断] e.g. He kept talking for about an hour. 他整整谈了大约一个小时。
⑹ keep on doing sth. 继续/坚持做某事 [强调动作反复、继续进行，持之以恒]
e.g. My sister kept on asking me question after question. 我妹妹不停地问我一个又一个问题。 相同点：都可表示“老是（不断）做某事” ⑺ keep(=catch) up with 追上、赶上
⑻ keep sb./sth. from doing sth. = stop/prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止、防止某人/某物做某事 5、believe
（1）believe 后接人，意为“相信某人所说的话”; 后接事物，意为“相信某事是真实的”。如：-----I did pay the money back! 我确实还钱了。 -----OK, I believe you. 好，我相信你。 The police didn't believe her story. 警察不相信她的说法。 （2）believe in 表示信任（某人）或信仰（宗教、真理）。如：Do you believe in God? 你相信上帝吗？ My mother doesn't believe in Buddhism. 我母亲不信佛。 6、besides 与 except 7、whethe 与 if Ⅲ. 重点句子
1. How nice to see you back! 很高兴看你回来！
2. I've been to many places of interest. 我去了很多风景名胜的地方。
3. Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A.? 你在美国能表达自己的意思吗？ 4. Not really.不完全是。
5. I know that oral English is very important，but I dare not speak English in public. 我知道英语口语非常重要，但是我不敢当众说英语。（注：dare 在此为情态动词）
6. I always feel sleepy in English class. 在英语课上我总是感到昏昏欲睡。
7. I don't know what to do. = I don't know what I should do. 我不知道该怎么办。 8. At times I feel like giving up. 有时我想放弃。 9. He can't pronunce well. 他发音不好。
10. I'm sorry，I can't follow you. Can you speak more slowly，please? 抱歉，我跟不上你(的语速)。请你讲慢一点，好吗？
11. I beg your pardon? = Pardon? 你能再说一遍吗？
12. Could you give me some advice on/about how to learn English well? 你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗？
13. I am weak/poor in English. 我英语学得不好。
14. Could you tell me how to improve my reading ability? 你能告诉我如何掉高我的阅读能力吗？
15. I dare not answer questions in class，because I'm afraid of making mistakes. 我不敢在课堂上回答问题，因为我怕犯错误。
16. My difficulty in learning English is how to get the pronunciation right.
17. I don't know whether to join in English bulb. 我不知道是否去加入英语俱乐部。
18. Please tell me which TV channels can help me to learn English. （从句不需调换语序）请告诉我哪一些电视频道能帮助我学英语。
19. I wonder when is the best time to remember words. 我想知道什么时候是记单词的最佳时间。 20. You can use new words in sentences and copy them in your notebook. 21. What learning methods are you using?
22. I'm very glad to share our opinions with you. 我很乐意把我们的观点说给你们听。[链接] share 在此意为“把（想法、秘密、问题等）向别人诉说”e.g. Are you going to share the joke with us? 你要把这个笑话讲给我们听吗？
23. It's an honor to do sth. 做某事感到很荣幸。（it 为形式主语，真正的主语是 to do sth.）e.g. It's an honor to be invited here today. 今天承蒙邀请到此，深感荣幸。
24. prefer[preferred]/ (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. = like (doing) sth. better than (doing) sth. 与(做)某事相比更喜欢(做)另一件事
*25. prefer to do...，rather than do... 宁可/愿做……，而不愿做…… e.g. I prefer to do this rather than that. 我宁愿做这件事而不愿做那件事。
26. But remember to choose the ones that suit you best. 但是记住选择最适合你的方法。
[链接] ones pron. ，指代上文的 good methods。
27. I'm sure that you'll make great progress as long as you stick to them. 我确信只要坚持下去，你们就将取得很大的进步。
[链接] （1）as long as 只要，引导条件状语从句。e.g. I'll go to the airport to meet you as long as you come. 你只要来，我就会去机场接你。
（2）stick to (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事。e.g. He sticks to speaking English every day. 他坚持每天说英语。 28. Whom do you agree with? 你同意谁(的观点)？ 29. No man is born wise or learned. 人非生而知之。
30. A little learning is a dangerous thing. 浅学寡识是件危险的事。
31. Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是通往成功之路的第一步。 32. Clothes don't make the man. 人品好坏，不在穿戴。 33. Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。 34. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
35. Have you learned other languages besides Chinese? 除汉语之外，你还学过别的语言吗？
36. I have come to realize that it doesn't matter if I don't understand every word. 我已经渐渐意识到，如果我不理解每一个单词的意思也没关系。
37. One of the secrets of becoming a good language learner is to do lots of listening practice. 成为一个语言学习者的其中一个秘密之一是多做听力练习。
38. Last but not least，I keep on trying and never give up. 最后但同样重要的是，我一直在努力，从不放弃。
Ⅲ. 语法精粹——动词不定式：to + 动词原形
动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在
句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：
注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如： It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work. 动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成. 如:
Tell him not to be late. The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.
4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如： Let me listen to you sing the song. He watched his son play computer games. I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.
The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.
5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用——动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如： The question is when to start. I don’t know where to go . He showed me how to use a computer. What to do is a big problem.