翻译练习
1、
【原文】
长城是世界一大奇迹。现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。中国人修筑长城的历史久远，可以追溯到战国时期(Warring State period)。历史上，中国共修过大约20座长城。在所有这些长城中，明长城最长，达到6700公里。在当时，中国技术在世界上处于领先地位，因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。
【译文】
The Great Wall is a wonder of the world. Now, millions of people journey to the Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy season. The Chinese have a long history of building walls, dating from the Warring State period. In history, about 20 walls were built, with the wall constructed during the Ming Dynasty being the longest, extending 6700km. China was the most technology advanced nation in the world then, so the wall was also the most sophisticated in structure. It was built to ward off the invasion of nomads from the north.
【点拨】
1. “长城是世界一大奇迹”翻译为“the Great Wall is a wonder of the world”。奇迹在英语中一般用wonder 。在最著名的the seven wonders of the world(世界七大奇迹) 中，长城也是其中之一。
2. 旺季 busy seasons
旺季就是热销的季节，生意也就特别忙活，所以这里用“忙活的季节”来翻译，可以体现出译者的变通能力。淡季可相应翻译为slack seasons。
3. 成群结队 hordes of tourists
Horde 大群人，还可译成“a huge crowd/throng”。
4. 现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。Now, millions of people journey to the
Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy season.
这里要用合句翻译法，把原文中的第二句译成第一句的伴随状语。即把原文中两个有一定关系的简单句合为一个句子，且句意不变。
5. 追溯 dating from
常用来表示“追溯”的短语还有：date back to。
2、
【原文】
中国位于亚洲东部，是世界上人口最多的国家。中国是世界四大文明古国之一，拥有大量的中华文化光辉的古迹，此外，中国地大物博，拥有茂密的森林、雄伟壮丽的瀑布、秀丽的湖泊以及如利剑直插云霄的山峰，所有这些都令世界各国人民神往。但是，更重要的是，中国以拥有五千多年的历史而自豪，遗留下无数的历史文物，其中包括珍贵珠宝、古迹名胜、宫殿及数不尽的雄伟建筑，令人惊叹不已。这种种原因都促使中国成为许多人梦寐以求的旅游胜地。 翻译词汇：
四大文明古国 the four countries that have an ancient civilization 地大物博 vast territory with abundant natural resources 雄伟壮丽的瀑布 magnificent waterfalls
秀丽的 majestic and beautiful
利剑 sword
古迹 historical remains
以„而自豪 boast
无数的 innumerable
历史文物 historical relics
古迹名胜 historic sites and scenic spots
建筑 edifice
精彩译文：
China lies in the east of Asia and it has the largest population in the world. China is also one of the four countries in the world that have an ancient civilization, Besides, it has a vast territory with such abundant natural resources as dense forests, magnificent waterfalls, majestic and beautiful rivers and lakes, and mountains whose peaks reach high into the sky like swords. All these make China a singularly attractive place to tourists around
the world. But, most importantly, China boasts a history of over five thousand years with innumerable historical relics left over from the long past, such as priceless pearls and jewels, historic sites and scenic spots, palaces and edifices of architectural richness, all of which have won people’s admiration. You are sure to find great enjoyment from all these attractions in China, a much-admired dream land.
3、
【原文】
如今，中国正步入老龄化社会，因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策，允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示，很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力，放弃生育二胎。因此，要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。
【翻译词汇】 步入 step into
老龄化社会 aging society
独生子女一代 the only-child generation
巨大的 enormous
调整 adjust
计划生育政策 the family planning policy
在特殊情况下 under certain circumstances
由于，迫于 due to
放弃 abandon 依靠 rely on
出生率 birth rate
有效的 effective
社会保障制度 social security system
【精彩译文】
Nowadays, China is stepping into the aging society. Therefore, the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life. The Chinese government has begun to adjust the familyplanning policy and allows some families to have a second child under certain
circumstances. However, the survey shows thatsome couples abandon to have a second child due to the increasing financial burden. Thus, in order to solve the aging problem,the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate. The best solution is to establish an effective social security system.
4、
【原文】
中国的官方语言普通话在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在21世纪的快速发展，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目，或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计，在美国的学校中，有5万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国招聘，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。
【翻译词汇】
官方语言 official language
普通话 Mandarin
快速的 rapid 课程 curriculum (pl.curricula)
已有的 in place
缺乏 shortage
受过专业训练 professionally trained
证书 certificate
招聘 recruit
文化冲突 culture clash
【精彩译文】
Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools. With the rapid development of China’s economy in the 21th century,both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their curricula of foreign languages or expandingChinese language programs already in place.
By some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking Mandarinin American schools. To develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties. A shortage of professionally trained teachers with certificates has madeit difficult for some schools to join the competition. When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them fromChina directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.
5、
【原文】
故宫，又名紫禁城，为明清共二十四位皇帝统治中国近500年的皇宫。它位于北京市中心，在天安门广场的北侧，形状为长方形。南北长960米，东西宽750米，占地72公顷，总建筑面积达15万平方米。故宫是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代木构宫殿。它分为外朝和内廷两部分，外朝是皇帝上朝处理国家大事的地方，内廷是皇帝和皇室的居住地。1987年，故宫被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产。
翻译词汇：
故宫 the Imperial Palace
紫禁城 the Forbidden City
天安门广场 Tian’anmen Square
长方形 rectangular
建筑面积 floor space
现存 in existence
上朝 give audience
处理 handle
世界文化遗产 World Cultural Heritage
精彩译文：
The Imperial Palace, also called the Forbidden City was the palace where the 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for roughly 500 years. The Imperial Palace is located in the center of Beijing, on the northern
side of Tian’anmen Square, rectangular in shape, 960 meters from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, with an area of 72 hectares and a total floor space of 150 000 square meters. It’s the world’s largest and most integral palace made of wood in existence. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The outer court was the place where the emperors gave audience and handled state affairs, while the inner court was the living quarters for the emperors and their families. In 1987 the Imperial Palace was listed by the UNESCO as one of the World Cultural Heritage sites.
6、
【原文】
中国人春节张贴门神(doorgods)像是一项重要的风俗。门神像就是张贴在屋内屋外门上的神灵的画像。人们希望它们能驱鬼、保护家人、带来平安和吉祥。胖娃娃的图画通常被认为是屋内的门神，意味着好运、长寿和人丁兴旺。大门的门神有几种不同的形式，最早的门神是神荼(Shen Shu)和郁垒。如今，最常见的门神是元朝时期流行起来的秦叔宝和尉迟恭(YuchiGong)。秦叔宝皮肤煞白，常常佩剑；而尉迟恭皮肤黝黑，常常佩棍。他们总是成对地出现。
【译文】
Putting up the pictures of door gods is an importantcustom among the Chinese during the SpringFestival. The pictures of door gods are images ofdeities posted on the door outside and inside thehouse. They are expected to keep ghosts away,protect the family
and bring peace and good fortune. The image of a chubby baby is usuallyconsidered as an inside-room door god, symbolizing good luck, longevity and fertility. Themain door gods come in several different forms. The earliest door gods were Shen Shu and YuLei.Nowadays, the most common door gods are Qin Shubao and Yuchi Gong, who becamepopular during the Yuan Dynasty. Qin has pale skin and usually carries swords;Yuchi has darkskin and usually carries batons. They always come in pairs.
【翻译讲解】
1. 张贴：有多种译法，如put up或post 。
2. 神灵的画像：可译为the pictures/images of deities。
3. 驱鬼：译为keep ghosts away或ward off evils。
4. 平安和吉祥：可译为peace and good fortune。
5. 人丁兴旺：张贴胖娃娃一般都是希望添丁进口，这里的“人丁兴旺”可以用 fertility 表达。
6. 皮肤煞白：可译为has pale skin。
7. 佩剑：可译为carry swords。
8. 成对地出现：可译为固定表达come in pairs。
翻译练习
1、
【原文】
长城是世界一大奇迹。现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。中国人修筑长城的历史久远，可以追溯到战国时期(Warring State period)。历史上，中国共修过大约20座长城。在所有这些长城中，明长城最长，达到6700公里。在当时，中国技术在世界上处于领先地位，因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。
【译文】
The Great Wall is a wonder of the world. Now, millions of people journey to the Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy season. The Chinese have a long history of building walls, dating from the Warring State period. In history, about 20 walls were built, with the wall constructed during the Ming Dynasty being the longest, extending 6700km. China was the most technology advanced nation in the world then, so the wall was also the most sophisticated in structure. It was built to ward off the invasion of nomads from the north.
【点拨】
1. “长城是世界一大奇迹”翻译为“the Great Wall is a wonder of the world”。奇迹在英语中一般用wonder 。在最著名的the seven wonders of the world(世界七大奇迹) 中，长城也是其中之一。
2. 旺季 busy seasons
旺季就是热销的季节，生意也就特别忙活，所以这里用“忙活的季节”来翻译，可以体现出译者的变通能力。淡季可相应翻译为slack seasons。
3. 成群结队 hordes of tourists
Horde 大群人，还可译成“a huge crowd/throng”。
4. 现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。Now, millions of people journey to the
Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy season.
这里要用合句翻译法，把原文中的第二句译成第一句的伴随状语。即把原文中两个有一定关系的简单句合为一个句子，且句意不变。
5. 追溯 dating from
常用来表示“追溯”的短语还有：date back to。
2、
【原文】
中国位于亚洲东部，是世界上人口最多的国家。中国是世界四大文明古国之一，拥有大量的中华文化光辉的古迹，此外，中国地大物博，拥有茂密的森林、雄伟壮丽的瀑布、秀丽的湖泊以及如利剑直插云霄的山峰，所有这些都令世界各国人民神往。但是，更重要的是，中国以拥有五千多年的历史而自豪，遗留下无数的历史文物，其中包括珍贵珠宝、古迹名胜、宫殿及数不尽的雄伟建筑，令人惊叹不已。这种种原因都促使中国成为许多人梦寐以求的旅游胜地。 翻译词汇：
四大文明古国 the four countries that have an ancient civilization 地大物博 vast territory with abundant natural resources 雄伟壮丽的瀑布 magnificent waterfalls
秀丽的 majestic and beautiful
利剑 sword
古迹 historical remains
以„而自豪 boast
无数的 innumerable
历史文物 historical relics
古迹名胜 historic sites and scenic spots
建筑 edifice
精彩译文：
China lies in the east of Asia and it has the largest population in the world. China is also one of the four countries in the world that have an ancient civilization, Besides, it has a vast territory with such abundant natural resources as dense forests, magnificent waterfalls, majestic and beautiful rivers and lakes, and mountains whose peaks reach high into the sky like swords. All these make China a singularly attractive place to tourists around
the world. But, most importantly, China boasts a history of over five thousand years with innumerable historical relics left over from the long past, such as priceless pearls and jewels, historic sites and scenic spots, palaces and edifices of architectural richness, all of which have won people’s admiration. You are sure to find great enjoyment from all these attractions in China, a much-admired dream land.
3、
【原文】
如今，中国正步入老龄化社会，因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策，允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示，很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力，放弃生育二胎。因此，要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。
【翻译词汇】 步入 step into
老龄化社会 aging society
独生子女一代 the only-child generation
巨大的 enormous
调整 adjust
计划生育政策 the family planning policy
在特殊情况下 under certain circumstances
由于，迫于 due to
放弃 abandon 依靠 rely on
出生率 birth rate
有效的 effective
社会保障制度 social security system
【精彩译文】
Nowadays, China is stepping into the aging society. Therefore, the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life. The Chinese government has begun to adjust the familyplanning policy and allows some families to have a second child under certain
circumstances. However, the survey shows thatsome couples abandon to have a second child due to the increasing financial burden. Thus, in order to solve the aging problem,the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate. The best solution is to establish an effective social security system.
4、
【原文】
中国的官方语言普通话在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在21世纪的快速发展，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目，或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计，在美国的学校中，有5万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国招聘，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。
【翻译词汇】
官方语言 official language
普通话 Mandarin
快速的 rapid 课程 curriculum (pl.curricula)
已有的 in place
缺乏 shortage
受过专业训练 professionally trained
证书 certificate
招聘 recruit
文化冲突 culture clash
【精彩译文】
Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools. With the rapid development of China’s economy in the 21th century,both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their curricula of foreign languages or expandingChinese language programs already in place.
By some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking Mandarinin American schools. To develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties. A shortage of professionally trained teachers with certificates has madeit difficult for some schools to join the competition. When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them fromChina directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.
5、
【原文】
故宫，又名紫禁城，为明清共二十四位皇帝统治中国近500年的皇宫。它位于北京市中心，在天安门广场的北侧，形状为长方形。南北长960米，东西宽750米，占地72公顷，总建筑面积达15万平方米。故宫是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代木构宫殿。它分为外朝和内廷两部分，外朝是皇帝上朝处理国家大事的地方，内廷是皇帝和皇室的居住地。1987年，故宫被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产。
翻译词汇：
故宫 the Imperial Palace
紫禁城 the Forbidden City
天安门广场 Tian’anmen Square
长方形 rectangular
建筑面积 floor space
现存 in existence
上朝 give audience
处理 handle
世界文化遗产 World Cultural Heritage
精彩译文：
The Imperial Palace, also called the Forbidden City was the palace where the 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for roughly 500 years. The Imperial Palace is located in the center of Beijing, on the northern
side of Tian’anmen Square, rectangular in shape, 960 meters from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, with an area of 72 hectares and a total floor space of 150 000 square meters. It’s the world’s largest and most integral palace made of wood in existence. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The outer court was the place where the emperors gave audience and handled state affairs, while the inner court was the living quarters for the emperors and their families. In 1987 the Imperial Palace was listed by the UNESCO as one of the World Cultural Heritage sites.
6、
【原文】
中国人春节张贴门神(doorgods)像是一项重要的风俗。门神像就是张贴在屋内屋外门上的神灵的画像。人们希望它们能驱鬼、保护家人、带来平安和吉祥。胖娃娃的图画通常被认为是屋内的门神，意味着好运、长寿和人丁兴旺。大门的门神有几种不同的形式，最早的门神是神荼(Shen Shu)和郁垒。如今，最常见的门神是元朝时期流行起来的秦叔宝和尉迟恭(YuchiGong)。秦叔宝皮肤煞白，常常佩剑；而尉迟恭皮肤黝黑，常常佩棍。他们总是成对地出现。
【译文】
Putting up the pictures of door gods is an importantcustom among the Chinese during the SpringFestival. The pictures of door gods are images ofdeities posted on the door outside and inside thehouse. They are expected to keep ghosts away,protect the family
and bring peace and good fortune. The image of a chubby baby is usuallyconsidered as an inside-room door god, symbolizing good luck, longevity and fertility. Themain door gods come in several different forms. The earliest door gods were Shen Shu and YuLei.Nowadays, the most common door gods are Qin Shubao and Yuchi Gong, who becamepopular during the Yuan Dynasty. Qin has pale skin and usually carries swords;Yuchi has darkskin and usually carries batons. They always come in pairs.
【翻译讲解】
1. 张贴：有多种译法，如put up或post 。
2. 神灵的画像：可译为the pictures/images of deities。
3. 驱鬼：译为keep ghosts away或ward off evils。
4. 平安和吉祥：可译为peace and good fortune。
5. 人丁兴旺：张贴胖娃娃一般都是希望添丁进口，这里的“人丁兴旺”可以用 fertility 表达。
6. 皮肤煞白：可译为has pale skin。
7. 佩剑：可译为carry swords。
8. 成对地出现：可译为固定表达come in pairs。