英语句子成分和英语句子结构
英语句子成分：句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有六种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语。
主语: 句子说明的人或事物
名词
【Little streams feed big rivers. 小河流入大江。】
China is believed to promise to be among the powerful country in the world.大家坚信中国有希望成为世界强国之一。
Observation is the best teacher. 观察是最好的老师。
代词
【He told a joke but it fell flat. 他说了一个笑话，但没有引人发笑。】
We are never too old to learn.活到老学到老。
Who is speaking, please?
数词
【Three is enough. 三个就够了】
Two-thirds of the workers are women.
动名词
【Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣 】
Constant dripping wears away a stone. 水滴石穿。
Learning how to learn is life's most important skill. 知道如何学习是一生中最重要的技能。 Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。
不定式
【To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。】
Not to advance is to go back. 不进则退。
To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动。 主语从句
【Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown】
What has happened proves that our policy is right.发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。 Life is just a blank slate, what matter most is what you write on it.
It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语
【It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 】
It’s no good reading without full understanding.学而不思则罔。
It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open.创业容易守业难。
It is easy to be wise after the event. 事后诸葛亮好当。
名词化形容词
【The new is going to replace the old.新事物将取代旧事物。】
The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country. 在我们国家，盲人和肢残人受到很好的照顾。
A young idler, an old beggar.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
名词化的过去分词
【The dispossessed are demanding their rights.被剥夺者在要求他们的权利。】
The unemployed usually lead a hard life.失业的人生活一般很困难。
谓语: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
不及物动词
【The rain stopped. 】
Birds of a feather flock together.人以类聚，鸟一群分。
及物动词
【He's reading a magazine. 】
Tall trees catch much wind. 树大招风。
The empty vessels make the greatest sound. 满瓶不响，半瓶咣当。
Destiny takes a hand. 命中注定.
One swallow does not make a summer. 一燕不成夏。
表语: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征
名词
【He is a teacher. 】
Every man has his weak side. 人人都有弱点。
代词
【Seventy-four! you don’t look it.】
What’s your fax number?
数词
【Five and five is ten. 】
She was the first to learn about it.
形容词
【Our dream has come true. 】
The important things are always simple. 重要的事总是简单的。
The simple things are always hard.简单的事总是难以做到。
Courtesy on one side only lasts not long. 来而不往非礼也。
副词
【His father is in. 】
Pride goes before, and shame comes after. 骄傲使人落后。
Content is better than riches. 知足者常乐。
The sun is up.
介词短语
【He is in good health. 】
Don’t wait to have a lot, to share a bit. 不要等拥有许多后，才开始分享一些。
The patient is out of danger.
动名词
【Her job is raising pigs. 】
The shortest answer is doing. 最简短的回答是干。
My favourite sport is swimming.
现在分词
【The film is exciting. 】
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
The story sounds interesting.
形容词化的过去分词
【My watch is gone. 】
不定式
【To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.】
Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts.想象不应脱离现实。
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. 人生重要的事情就是确定一个伟大的目标，并决心实现它。
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.一些书可以浅尝辄止；一些书可以狼吞虎咽；一些书则需要细嚼慢咽。
表语从句
【The question is whether they will come. 】
That’s who we are as human beings and that’s especially how we think of ourselves as Americans.这就是我们作为人类所应该做的，特别是作为美国人，这就是我们应该做的。
宾语:
1) 动作的承受者: 动宾
名词
【I like China. 】
Good watch prevents misfortune.谨慎消灾。
代词
【He hates you.】
I love you.
数词
【How many do you need? We need two.】
名词化的形容词
【We should help the old and the poor.】
动名词
【I enjoy working with you. 】
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
不定式
【I hope to see you again. 】
Virtue is not solitary; it is bound to have neighbors. 德不孤，必有邻。
Adversity leads to prosperity. 穷则思变。
宾语从句
【Did you write down what he said?】
Impossible only means that you haven't found the solution yet. 不可能仅意味你还没有找到解决办法。
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词：介宾
介词of后跟动名词构成介宾结构
【Are you afraid of the snake？】
【Under the snow, there are many rocks.】
【John's extremely fond of pointing out other people's mistakes. 约翰特别喜欢挑剔别人的毛病. 】
The significance of life is life itself. 生活的意义就在于生活本身
The value of life lies not length of days, but in the use of we make of them.生命的价值不在于能活多少天，而在于我们如何利用这些日子。
3）双宾语：间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
【He gave mea book yesterday. 】
【Give the poor mansome money.】
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语
名词
【We elected him monitor. 】
【We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. 】
Worry often gives a small thing a big shadow. 焦虑往往使小事变大。
I consider him a gentleman.
形容词
【We will make them happy.】
Wash your hands clean.
副词
【We found nobody in. 】
I found him out.
介词短语
【Please make yourself at home. 】
We think in generalities, but we live in detail. 我们泛泛地思考，却在细节中生活。
省to不定式
【Don’t let him do that.】
带to不定式
【His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.】
I thought him to be a good man.
Be swift to hear, slow to speak. 听宜敏捷，言宜缓行。
现在分词
【Don’t keep the lights burning.】
I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。
过去分词
【I’ll have my bike repaired.】
I heard my name called.
I'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
主补：对主语的补充
【He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.】
【He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.】
They married young. 他们结婚时还年轻。
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子
名词
【She is a chemistry teacher.】
They are singer star.
代词
【He is our friend. 】
数词
【We belong to the third world. 】
Three thousand people watched the game.
形容词
【He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.】
A sound mind in a sound body.健全的精神寓于健康的身体。
A free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books. 一个自由的人除了从书本上获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知识。
A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。
副词
【The man over there is my old friend.】
介宾结构
【The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. 】
A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
Wealth is nothing without health. 失去健康，钱再多也没用。
动名词
【He is in the reading room now.】
Families are about love overcoming emotional torture. 家庭就是克服感情挫折的爱。
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日。
现在分词
【There is a sleeping baby on the bed. 】
【The boys playing football are in Class 2. 】
There is a swimming pool near our school.
过去分词
【The trees planted last year are growing well now. 】
frozen food 冷冻食品
fallen leaves 落叶
不定式
【I have an idea to do it well.】
A great obstacle to happiness is to expect too much happiness. 幸福最大的障碍是期待过多的幸福。
High expectations are the key to everything. 远大理想是成就一切的关键。
定语从句
【You should do everything that I do. 】
The most precious possession that ever comes to a man in this world is a woman's heart. 在这个世界上，男人最珍贵的财产就是一个女人的心。
Courage is the ladder on which all the other virtues mount.勇气是其他美德攀登的梯子。 There is no life that does not contribute to history. 所有的生活都对历史有贡献。
状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或者句子
副词
【The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。】
Don’t drive so fast.
名词
【Wait a moment.】
The meeting lasted an hour.
介宾结构
【We played basketball in spite of the rain.】
We live in Hangzhou.
不定式
【She cameto see meyesterday】
To catch the first bus, I have to get up early.
形容词
【He spent 7days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry．】
Extremely fragile, the driver could hardly speak or move.
现在分词
【They came in, talking and laughing.】
Following his unusual path, Miller did not start trying out for films and TV shows when he got to Hollywood.当沿着他那不平常的道路前行时，初涉好莱坞的米勒并没有开始尝试演电影、电视剧。
Being from a family that produced great actors, it’s no wonder that she quickly found her way into the spotlight.来自于一个盛产杰出演员的家庭，也难怪她那么快就走到了聚光灯下。 过去分词
【Accompanied by the professor，he spent several days doing experiments one after another. 】 Faced with disaster, there is nothing for us to do but keep up our courage and take action.面对灾难，我们只有鼓起勇气并且采取行动。
Confronted with failure, we can not choose but to alternate between persistence and quit.
状语从句
【While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.】
When sorrow is asleep, wake it not. 伤心旧事别重提。
If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
Dreams come true if you survive the hard times! 如果你能度过困难时期，那么梦想终会实现。
独立主格
【With the old man leading，they two started toward the mountain．】
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
The test finished, we began our holiday.
英语句子结构：
一、简单句的五个基本句型
主语＋不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语 She likes English.
主语＋系动词 ＋表语 She is happy．
主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 She gave John a book．
主语＋及物动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage.
简单句的三种形式：
1、 只有一个主语、一个谓语，再加上其它成份
【 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。】
No way is impossible to courage. 勇者无惧。
Life is a chain of moments of enjoyment; not only about survival. 生活是一串串的快乐时光；我们不仅仅是为了生存而生存。
2、 只有一个主语，但有几个谓语，再加上其它成份
【 The boy were running, shouting and laughing. 男孩们一边跑，一边笑，一边喊叫着。】
【You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time. 你不能既听音乐，同时又背诵东西。】
We sang and danced yesterday evening.
3、 有几个主语，但只有一个谓语，再加上其它成份
【 He and I live in the same house. 他和我住在同一幢房子里。】
【China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects.中国和中国人民在以非常的速度日益进步。】
My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.
二、并列句
所谓并列句，它有两个或两上的简单句连接而成，也就是它有两个互相搭配的主谓、主谓结构。这两个简单句说的是两个人或事物，最重要的是这两个人或事物之间的关系，是两个相对独立的，不存在谁主要、谁次要的关系，这就是“并列”的含义。当然，要说明一点的是：这里所说的“相对独立、并列”，是指语法结构上的独立和并列，而并不是说它们在意义上没有联系。如果意义上根本没有联系，就没有必要把两个句子并列在一起，而可以分别写成两个简单句了。并列句可以大致分为以下三类：
1、两个句子之间是平行的关系
用下列词连结的句子，是平行关系：and , or , either…or, neither / nor , not only…but (also), both…and , as well as 等，以及用分号连接的句子。
【 She came to my house yesterday evening, and I went to hers. 昨晚她来我家了，我却去她家了。】
Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn leaves. 使生如夏花之绚烂，死如秋叶之静美。
Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration! 天才就是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水。 Truth is beautiful. Withoutdoubt; and so are lies. 真理是美的；毫无疑问，谎言也是如此。
【Do it this way or you'll be in trouble. 你就这么办，不然你会有麻烦的。】
【Either you tell him the truth, or I do it. 不是你告诉他事实，就是我来告诉。】
Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you. 要人尊敬，必须自重。
【He doesn't know your address, neither / nor do I. 他不知道你的地址，我也不知道。】
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。
【The moon went down; the sun rose.（分号）月亮落下去，太阳升起来了。】
2、两句之间是转折关系
用下列词连结的句子是转折关系: but , yet , however , nevertheless 等。
【 Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself.一切都是身外之物，只用健康属于自己。】
Hope is a good breakfast but a bad supper. 希望是一顿好的早餐，却是一顿坏的晚餐。
You can kill the body but not the spirit. 你能杀死躯体，却不能杀死精神。
【He has learned English for only one year, yet he can communicate with people in English. 他才学一年英文，但已能用英文与人交往了。】
It is very good, yet it can be better.这很好，但还可以更好。
【John has his shortcomings; however, that doesn't mean he is not qualified for the job. 约翰有缺点，但这不等于说他不胜任这份工作。】
One cannot see wind, however, it does exist.
3、两句之间是因果关系
用下列词连结的句子是因果关系：so , therefore , hence 等。特别要说明一点，英语中表示因果关系的连词很多，如because, since, as 等等，但它们属于主、从复合句，只有so , therefore , hence 等表示因果关系的句子才是并列句
【 You'd better take an umbrella with you, for it's going to rain. 要下雨了，你最好带把伞。】 She might be ill, for she is absent from school.
【I've got a meeting to attend, so I have to go now. 我要去开个会，我得走了。】
The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English, so we can’t overemphasize the importance of learning English.社会的发展促使我们有必要精通英语，因此学习英语的重要性就不言而喻了。
【You are in the right, therefore we should support you. 你是对的，所以我们该支持你。】 It was raining, therefore we remained at home.
【The town was built on the side of a hill, hence it's named Hillside. 这个小镇建在山旁，所以叫
You do not keep anything for a special occasion,because every day that you live is a special occasion. 不要将你的东西为了某一个特别的时刻而预留着，因为你生活的每一天都是那么特别。
三、复合句
复合句也是由两个或两个以上的句子连结而成的。但与并列句不同的是，这两个句子不仅在意义上“紧密”联系，在语法结构上也是“紧密”联系在一起的。“紧密”的程度达到了：两个句子谁也离不了谁，如果分开了，不仅语法结构不完整，而且句子的意思也不完整。这是其一。
在复合句中，两个句子之间虽然联系紧密，但其中有一个主要的句子，它是全句的中心所在，而另一个句子是次要的、从属的，它只是主要句子中的一个成份。主要的句子就叫“主句”(Main Clause)，从属的句子就叫“从句”(Subordinate Clause)。所以，有的书干脆把复合句叫做“主、从复合句”。
主、从复合句有两个特点：一是如果主句与从句分开单独说的话，两句的意思都不完整；二是从句虽然是一个句子，但它只是主要句子里的某个成份。
英语句子的成份有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。从句除了不能做谓语之外，它可以做任何成分，因而就有了主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等等名称。
1. 主语从句
【Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me. 他来与不来对我都一样。】
【That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。】
【Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery. 他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的，仍然是个谜。】
【When they will come hasn’t been made pubic. 他们什么时候来还不知道。】
【What he needs is to practice more.他所需要的是勤于练习。】
【Whatever we do is to serve the people我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。】
That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.
2. 表语从句
【China is not what it used to be.中国不是它过去的样子了。】
【The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。】
【The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。】
【It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。】
【The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。】
The reason for you mistake is you lack confidence in yourself.
3. 宾语从句
【I have no idea about whether I can raise the money for buying a car.我不知道我是否能为买车筹措到资金。】
【There is disagreement among economists aboutwhat money is and how money is measured.什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。】
A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。
4. 定语从句
【Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government.税款是人们支持政府而交的钱。】
There was never a night or a problem that could defeat sunrise or hope. 黑夜不能阻止日出，难题无法抹杀希望。
Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
A heart that loves is always young. 有爱的心永远年轻。
4. 状语从句
【Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at moviesas well. 许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话，所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此。】 If a man in the morning hears right way, he may die in the evening without regret.朝问道夕死可也。
Where there is love, there are always wishes. 哪里有爱，哪里就有希望。
Take things as they come. 既来之，则安之。
6. 同位语从句
【Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ?有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品?】
Time, the subtle thief of youth.时间是盗窃青春的狡猾小偷。
Love is something eternal; the aspect may change, but not the essence. 爱是永恒的，外表可能改变，但本质永远不变。
四、并列-复合型句子
并列-复合型句子，指并列句、复合句混合在一个句子里，英语叫Compound-Complex Sentence。或者说，一个句子里包含着多种关系：既有并列关系，又有复合关系。例如：
【 I admire Tim, but he doesn't admire me, although I try hard to impress him.我羡慕Tim, 但他并不羡慕我，尽管我努力想给他留下好印像。】
前1、2两句是并列关系，而1、2与第3句之间又是主、从复合句关系。
【 Even if you fail, at least you tried, and you're a better person for it.即使你失败了，但至少你试过了，而且你是做这件事的理想人选。】
前1、2两句是主、从复合关系，而1、2与第3句之间是并列关系。
【My parents are coming tomorrow, but I hope they won’t stay very long, because I have a date tomorrow night.我父母亲明天要来了，但我希望他们不要在这儿呆太久，因为我明晚有个约会。】
前1、2两句是并列关系，而1、2与第3句之间是主、从复合关系。
Integrity is doing the right thing, even if nobody is watching. 正直就是做对的事，即使没有人看见。
If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you also miss the stars. 如果你因失去了太阳而流泪，那么你也将失去群星了。
Keep your face to the sunshine and you will never see the shadow. 让你的脸迎向阳光，你将永远看不到阴影。
The world is but a little place, after all. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构
英语句子成分：句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有六种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语。
主语: 句子说明的人或事物
名词
【Little streams feed big rivers. 小河流入大江。】
China is believed to promise to be among the powerful country in the world.大家坚信中国有希望成为世界强国之一。
Observation is the best teacher. 观察是最好的老师。
代词
【He told a joke but it fell flat. 他说了一个笑话，但没有引人发笑。】
We are never too old to learn.活到老学到老。
Who is speaking, please?
数词
【Three is enough. 三个就够了】
Two-thirds of the workers are women.
动名词
【Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣 】
Constant dripping wears away a stone. 水滴石穿。
Learning how to learn is life's most important skill. 知道如何学习是一生中最重要的技能。 Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。
不定式
【To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。】
Not to advance is to go back. 不进则退。
To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动。 主语从句
【Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown】
What has happened proves that our policy is right.发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。 Life is just a blank slate, what matter most is what you write on it.
It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语
【It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 】
It’s no good reading without full understanding.学而不思则罔。
It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open.创业容易守业难。
It is easy to be wise after the event. 事后诸葛亮好当。
名词化形容词
【The new is going to replace the old.新事物将取代旧事物。】
The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country. 在我们国家，盲人和肢残人受到很好的照顾。
A young idler, an old beggar.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
名词化的过去分词
【The dispossessed are demanding their rights.被剥夺者在要求他们的权利。】
The unemployed usually lead a hard life.失业的人生活一般很困难。
谓语: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
不及物动词
【The rain stopped. 】
Birds of a feather flock together.人以类聚，鸟一群分。
及物动词
【He's reading a magazine. 】
Tall trees catch much wind. 树大招风。
The empty vessels make the greatest sound. 满瓶不响，半瓶咣当。
Destiny takes a hand. 命中注定.
One swallow does not make a summer. 一燕不成夏。
表语: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征
名词
【He is a teacher. 】
Every man has his weak side. 人人都有弱点。
代词
【Seventy-four! you don’t look it.】
What’s your fax number?
数词
【Five and five is ten. 】
She was the first to learn about it.
形容词
【Our dream has come true. 】
The important things are always simple. 重要的事总是简单的。
The simple things are always hard.简单的事总是难以做到。
Courtesy on one side only lasts not long. 来而不往非礼也。
副词
【His father is in. 】
Pride goes before, and shame comes after. 骄傲使人落后。
Content is better than riches. 知足者常乐。
The sun is up.
介词短语
【He is in good health. 】
Don’t wait to have a lot, to share a bit. 不要等拥有许多后，才开始分享一些。
The patient is out of danger.
动名词
【Her job is raising pigs. 】
The shortest answer is doing. 最简短的回答是干。
My favourite sport is swimming.
现在分词
【The film is exciting. 】
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
The story sounds interesting.
形容词化的过去分词
【My watch is gone. 】
不定式
【To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.】
Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts.想象不应脱离现实。
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. 人生重要的事情就是确定一个伟大的目标，并决心实现它。
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.一些书可以浅尝辄止；一些书可以狼吞虎咽；一些书则需要细嚼慢咽。
表语从句
【The question is whether they will come. 】
That’s who we are as human beings and that’s especially how we think of ourselves as Americans.这就是我们作为人类所应该做的，特别是作为美国人，这就是我们应该做的。
宾语:
1) 动作的承受者: 动宾
名词
【I like China. 】
Good watch prevents misfortune.谨慎消灾。
代词
【He hates you.】
I love you.
数词
【How many do you need? We need two.】
名词化的形容词
【We should help the old and the poor.】
动名词
【I enjoy working with you. 】
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
不定式
【I hope to see you again. 】
Virtue is not solitary; it is bound to have neighbors. 德不孤，必有邻。
Adversity leads to prosperity. 穷则思变。
宾语从句
【Did you write down what he said?】
Impossible only means that you haven't found the solution yet. 不可能仅意味你还没有找到解决办法。
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词：介宾
介词of后跟动名词构成介宾结构
【Are you afraid of the snake？】
【Under the snow, there are many rocks.】
【John's extremely fond of pointing out other people's mistakes. 约翰特别喜欢挑剔别人的毛病. 】
The significance of life is life itself. 生活的意义就在于生活本身
The value of life lies not length of days, but in the use of we make of them.生命的价值不在于能活多少天，而在于我们如何利用这些日子。
3）双宾语：间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
【He gave mea book yesterday. 】
【Give the poor mansome money.】
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语
名词
【We elected him monitor. 】
【We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. 】
Worry often gives a small thing a big shadow. 焦虑往往使小事变大。
I consider him a gentleman.
形容词
【We will make them happy.】
Wash your hands clean.
副词
【We found nobody in. 】
I found him out.
介词短语
【Please make yourself at home. 】
We think in generalities, but we live in detail. 我们泛泛地思考，却在细节中生活。
省to不定式
【Don’t let him do that.】
带to不定式
【His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.】
I thought him to be a good man.
Be swift to hear, slow to speak. 听宜敏捷，言宜缓行。
现在分词
【Don’t keep the lights burning.】
I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。
过去分词
【I’ll have my bike repaired.】
I heard my name called.
I'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
主补：对主语的补充
【He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.】
【He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.】
They married young. 他们结婚时还年轻。
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子
名词
【She is a chemistry teacher.】
They are singer star.
代词
【He is our friend. 】
数词
【We belong to the third world. 】
Three thousand people watched the game.
形容词
【He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.】
A sound mind in a sound body.健全的精神寓于健康的身体。
A free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books. 一个自由的人除了从书本上获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知识。
A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。
副词
【The man over there is my old friend.】
介宾结构
【The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. 】
A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
Wealth is nothing without health. 失去健康，钱再多也没用。
动名词
【He is in the reading room now.】
Families are about love overcoming emotional torture. 家庭就是克服感情挫折的爱。
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日。
现在分词
【There is a sleeping baby on the bed. 】
【The boys playing football are in Class 2. 】
There is a swimming pool near our school.
过去分词
【The trees planted last year are growing well now. 】
frozen food 冷冻食品
fallen leaves 落叶
不定式
【I have an idea to do it well.】
A great obstacle to happiness is to expect too much happiness. 幸福最大的障碍是期待过多的幸福。
High expectations are the key to everything. 远大理想是成就一切的关键。
定语从句
【You should do everything that I do. 】
The most precious possession that ever comes to a man in this world is a woman's heart. 在这个世界上，男人最珍贵的财产就是一个女人的心。
Courage is the ladder on which all the other virtues mount.勇气是其他美德攀登的梯子。 There is no life that does not contribute to history. 所有的生活都对历史有贡献。
状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或者句子
副词
【The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。】
Don’t drive so fast.
名词
【Wait a moment.】
The meeting lasted an hour.
介宾结构
【We played basketball in spite of the rain.】
We live in Hangzhou.
不定式
【She cameto see meyesterday】
To catch the first bus, I have to get up early.
形容词
【He spent 7days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry．】
Extremely fragile, the driver could hardly speak or move.
现在分词
【They came in, talking and laughing.】
Following his unusual path, Miller did not start trying out for films and TV shows when he got to Hollywood.当沿着他那不平常的道路前行时，初涉好莱坞的米勒并没有开始尝试演电影、电视剧。
Being from a family that produced great actors, it’s no wonder that she quickly found her way into the spotlight.来自于一个盛产杰出演员的家庭，也难怪她那么快就走到了聚光灯下。 过去分词
【Accompanied by the professor，he spent several days doing experiments one after another. 】 Faced with disaster, there is nothing for us to do but keep up our courage and take action.面对灾难，我们只有鼓起勇气并且采取行动。
Confronted with failure, we can not choose but to alternate between persistence and quit.
状语从句
【While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.】
When sorrow is asleep, wake it not. 伤心旧事别重提。
If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
Dreams come true if you survive the hard times! 如果你能度过困难时期，那么梦想终会实现。
独立主格
【With the old man leading，they two started toward the mountain．】
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
The test finished, we began our holiday.
英语句子结构：
一、简单句的五个基本句型
主语＋不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语 She likes English.
主语＋系动词 ＋表语 She is happy．
主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 She gave John a book．
主语＋及物动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage.
简单句的三种形式：
1、 只有一个主语、一个谓语，再加上其它成份
【 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。】
No way is impossible to courage. 勇者无惧。
Life is a chain of moments of enjoyment; not only about survival. 生活是一串串的快乐时光；我们不仅仅是为了生存而生存。
2、 只有一个主语，但有几个谓语，再加上其它成份
【 The boy were running, shouting and laughing. 男孩们一边跑，一边笑，一边喊叫着。】
【You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time. 你不能既听音乐，同时又背诵东西。】
We sang and danced yesterday evening.
3、 有几个主语，但只有一个谓语，再加上其它成份
【 He and I live in the same house. 他和我住在同一幢房子里。】
【China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects.中国和中国人民在以非常的速度日益进步。】
My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.
二、并列句
所谓并列句，它有两个或两上的简单句连接而成，也就是它有两个互相搭配的主谓、主谓结构。这两个简单句说的是两个人或事物，最重要的是这两个人或事物之间的关系，是两个相对独立的，不存在谁主要、谁次要的关系，这就是“并列”的含义。当然，要说明一点的是：这里所说的“相对独立、并列”，是指语法结构上的独立和并列，而并不是说它们在意义上没有联系。如果意义上根本没有联系，就没有必要把两个句子并列在一起，而可以分别写成两个简单句了。并列句可以大致分为以下三类：
1、两个句子之间是平行的关系
用下列词连结的句子，是平行关系：and , or , either…or, neither / nor , not only…but (also), both…and , as well as 等，以及用分号连接的句子。
【 She came to my house yesterday evening, and I went to hers. 昨晚她来我家了，我却去她家了。】
Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn leaves. 使生如夏花之绚烂，死如秋叶之静美。
Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration! 天才就是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水。 Truth is beautiful. Withoutdoubt; and so are lies. 真理是美的；毫无疑问，谎言也是如此。
【Do it this way or you'll be in trouble. 你就这么办，不然你会有麻烦的。】
【Either you tell him the truth, or I do it. 不是你告诉他事实，就是我来告诉。】
Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you. 要人尊敬，必须自重。
【He doesn't know your address, neither / nor do I. 他不知道你的地址，我也不知道。】
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。
【The moon went down; the sun rose.（分号）月亮落下去，太阳升起来了。】
2、两句之间是转折关系
用下列词连结的句子是转折关系: but , yet , however , nevertheless 等。
【 Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself.一切都是身外之物，只用健康属于自己。】
Hope is a good breakfast but a bad supper. 希望是一顿好的早餐，却是一顿坏的晚餐。
You can kill the body but not the spirit. 你能杀死躯体，却不能杀死精神。
【He has learned English for only one year, yet he can communicate with people in English. 他才学一年英文，但已能用英文与人交往了。】
It is very good, yet it can be better.这很好，但还可以更好。
【John has his shortcomings; however, that doesn't mean he is not qualified for the job. 约翰有缺点，但这不等于说他不胜任这份工作。】
One cannot see wind, however, it does exist.
3、两句之间是因果关系
用下列词连结的句子是因果关系：so , therefore , hence 等。特别要说明一点，英语中表示因果关系的连词很多，如because, since, as 等等，但它们属于主、从复合句，只有so , therefore , hence 等表示因果关系的句子才是并列句
【 You'd better take an umbrella with you, for it's going to rain. 要下雨了，你最好带把伞。】 She might be ill, for she is absent from school.
【I've got a meeting to attend, so I have to go now. 我要去开个会，我得走了。】
The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English, so we can’t overemphasize the importance of learning English.社会的发展促使我们有必要精通英语，因此学习英语的重要性就不言而喻了。
【You are in the right, therefore we should support you. 你是对的，所以我们该支持你。】 It was raining, therefore we remained at home.
【The town was built on the side of a hill, hence it's named Hillside. 这个小镇建在山旁，所以叫
You do not keep anything for a special occasion,because every day that you live is a special occasion. 不要将你的东西为了某一个特别的时刻而预留着，因为你生活的每一天都是那么特别。
三、复合句
复合句也是由两个或两个以上的句子连结而成的。但与并列句不同的是，这两个句子不仅在意义上“紧密”联系，在语法结构上也是“紧密”联系在一起的。“紧密”的程度达到了：两个句子谁也离不了谁，如果分开了，不仅语法结构不完整，而且句子的意思也不完整。这是其一。
在复合句中，两个句子之间虽然联系紧密，但其中有一个主要的句子，它是全句的中心所在，而另一个句子是次要的、从属的，它只是主要句子中的一个成份。主要的句子就叫“主句”(Main Clause)，从属的句子就叫“从句”(Subordinate Clause)。所以，有的书干脆把复合句叫做“主、从复合句”。
主、从复合句有两个特点：一是如果主句与从句分开单独说的话，两句的意思都不完整；二是从句虽然是一个句子，但它只是主要句子里的某个成份。
英语句子的成份有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。从句除了不能做谓语之外，它可以做任何成分，因而就有了主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等等名称。
1. 主语从句
【Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me. 他来与不来对我都一样。】
【That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。】
【Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery. 他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的，仍然是个谜。】
【When they will come hasn’t been made pubic. 他们什么时候来还不知道。】
【What he needs is to practice more.他所需要的是勤于练习。】
【Whatever we do is to serve the people我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。】
That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.
2. 表语从句
【China is not what it used to be.中国不是它过去的样子了。】
【The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。】
【The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。】
【It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。】
【The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。】
The reason for you mistake is you lack confidence in yourself.
3. 宾语从句
【I have no idea about whether I can raise the money for buying a car.我不知道我是否能为买车筹措到资金。】
【There is disagreement among economists aboutwhat money is and how money is measured.什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。】
A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。
4. 定语从句
【Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government.税款是人们支持政府而交的钱。】
There was never a night or a problem that could defeat sunrise or hope. 黑夜不能阻止日出，难题无法抹杀希望。
Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
A heart that loves is always young. 有爱的心永远年轻。
4. 状语从句
【Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at moviesas well. 许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话，所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此。】 If a man in the morning hears right way, he may die in the evening without regret.朝问道夕死可也。
Where there is love, there are always wishes. 哪里有爱，哪里就有希望。
Take things as they come. 既来之，则安之。
6. 同位语从句
【Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ?有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品?】
Time, the subtle thief of youth.时间是盗窃青春的狡猾小偷。
Love is something eternal; the aspect may change, but not the essence. 爱是永恒的，外表可能改变，但本质永远不变。
四、并列-复合型句子
并列-复合型句子，指并列句、复合句混合在一个句子里，英语叫Compound-Complex Sentence。或者说，一个句子里包含着多种关系：既有并列关系，又有复合关系。例如：
【 I admire Tim, but he doesn't admire me, although I try hard to impress him.我羡慕Tim, 但他并不羡慕我，尽管我努力想给他留下好印像。】
前1、2两句是并列关系，而1、2与第3句之间又是主、从复合句关系。
【 Even if you fail, at least you tried, and you're a better person for it.即使你失败了，但至少你试过了，而且你是做这件事的理想人选。】
前1、2两句是主、从复合关系，而1、2与第3句之间是并列关系。
【My parents are coming tomorrow, but I hope they won’t stay very long, because I have a date tomorrow night.我父母亲明天要来了，但我希望他们不要在这儿呆太久，因为我明晚有个约会。】
前1、2两句是并列关系，而1、2与第3句之间是主、从复合关系。
Integrity is doing the right thing, even if nobody is watching. 正直就是做对的事，即使没有人看见。
If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you also miss the stars. 如果你因失去了太阳而流泪，那么你也将失去群星了。
Keep your face to the sunshine and you will never see the shadow. 让你的脸迎向阳光，你将永远看不到阴影。
The world is but a little place, after all. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。