中英文对照翻译
Unit 1
A Y oung Boy‟s Ambition
Once a day a cheap, gaudy packet arrived upward from St. Louis,
and another downward from Keokuk. Before these events, the day was glorious with expectancy; after them, the day was a dead and empty thing. Not only the boys, but the whole village, felt this. After all these years I can picture that old time to myself now, just as it was then: the white town drowsing in the sunshine of a summer's morning; the streets empty, or prettynearly so; one or two clerks sitting in front of the Water Street stores, with their splint-bottomed chairs tilted back against the wall, chins on breasts, hats slouched over their faces, asleep - with shingle-shavings enough around to show what broke them down; a sow and a litter of pigs loafing along the sidewalk, doing a good business in watermelon rinds and seeds; two or three lonely little freight piles scattered about the "levee"; a pile of "skids" on the slope of the stone-paved wharf, and the fragrant town drunkard asleep in the shadow of them; two or three wood flats at the head of the wharf, but nobody to listen to the peaceful lapping of the wavelets against them; the great Mississippi, the majestic, the magnificent Mississippi, rolling its mile-wide tide along, shining in the sun; the dense forest away on the other side; the "point" above the town, and the "point" below, bounding the
river-glimpse and turning it into a sort of sea, and withal a very still and brilliant and lonely one. Presently a film of dark smoke appears above one of those remote "points"; instantly a negro drayman, famous for his quick eye and prodigious voice, lifts up the cry, "S-t-e-a-m-boat a-comin!" and the scene changes! The town drunkard stirs, the clerks wake up, a furious clatter of drays follows, every house and store pours out a human contribution, and all in a twinkling the dead town is alive and moving.
一艘简陋而外表华丽的定班轮船从圣路易斯开上来，另一艘从奇阿库克往
下游开，每天都要来到这里一次。在这些大事出现之前；这一天使人充满了期望，显得光辉灿烂；这些大事过了之后，时光就变得死气沉沉，空空洞洞了．不仅孩子们有这种感觉，整个村镇都是一样、如今事隔多年，我仍旧能在C 中描绘往日的情景，完全像当时那样：夏天早晨，白色的村镇在阳光中打响街上是空荡荡的，几乎一个人都没有；水街的杂货铺前面坐着一两个店员，他们把那木条椅面的椅子翘起来 靠在墙上，下巴顶在胸前，帽子垂下这着脸；打着瞌睡——他们身边有许多削木瓦的碎片，这就说明是什么事情把他们累坏了；一只母猪和一窝猪仔在人行道上闲荡着，痛痛快快地啃着西瓜皮和瓜子；两三个孤零零的小货物堆在“码头”上闲置着；石头铺的起卸码头的坡上有一堆“垫木”，镇上的流浪醉汉就在 这木堆近旁酣睡着Z 码头上端有两三只平底木船；可是那拍打着这些船的小浪的柔和声响，却没有人倾听；伟大的密西西比河，壮丽、辉煌的密西西比河；让它那一荚里宽的洪流滚滚奔腾下去，在阳光中放出闪光；河对岸的远处是茂密的森林Z 村镇上游的“地角”和下游的“地角”截断了河上景色的视线。把它变成了一片海面，而且这海面还是风光明媚、沉寂而幽静的。随后有一股黑烟在远处的一个“地角”上空升腾起来；立刻就有一个以眼睛特别
快、嗓子特别响出名的黑人运货马车夫高声喊道：“火——轮——船——来 了！”于是情况就变了！镇上那个醉汉翻身起来，那几个店员也醒了；随后就是运货马车的一阵狂暴的响声，每厂人家和每个铺子里都涌出一股人流，转瞬之间，这个死气沉沉的村镇就热闹起来了、活动起来了。
So by and by I ran away. I said I never would come home again till I was a
pilot and could come in glory. But somehow I could not manage it. I went meekly aboard a few of the boats that lay packed together like sardines at the long St. Louis wharf, and very humbly inquired for the pilots, but only got a cold shoulder and short words from mates and clerks. I had to make the best of this sort of treatment for the time being, but I had comforting daydreams of a future when I should be a great and honored pilot, with plenty of money, and could kill some of these mates and clerks and pay for them.
于是我不久就跑掉了、我说非到我当了领航员、能够得意荣归的时候，永
远也不回家。可是不知怎么的，我却办不到。圣路易斯那个很长的码头上有许多船像沙丁鱼似挤在一起停靠着，我胆怯地走到几条船上去，低声下气地探寻船上的领航员，可是大副和职员们都对我摆出爱理不理的样子，几句话就把我打发了。我对他们这种态度，暂时只好极力容忍；可是我对将来却做着聊以自慰的白日梦，满希望日后自己成为一个伟大的、受人尊敬的领航员，能有许多的钱；可以把这些大副和职员杀掉几个，出钱偿命了事。
Unite2课文参考译文:
2 Grandest of all the claims are those made by some of the savants at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology about the Internet's potential as a force for peace. One guru, Nicho- I las Negroponte, has declared that, thanks to the Internet, the children of the future "are not going to know what nationalism is". His colleague, Michael Dertouzos, has written that digital communications will bring "computer-aided peace" which "may help" stave off future flare- ' ups of ethnic hatred and national break-ups. The idea is that improved communications will I reduce misunderstandings and avert conflict.
所有的断言中最为美妙的便是J 麻省理J 学院的一些专家们所宣称的：因特网是一种潜在的和平力量。一位权威尼十拉斯 内格罗蓬特说，正是由于因特网的存在，来来的孩子们“将不知道民族主义为何物”。他的同事迈克尔 德托索斯曾写道，数字化通信将带来“计算机辅助下的和平”，它“有助于避免未来种族仇恨的爆发和国家分裂的发生”。他的理念是改进了的通信手段将减少误解；避免冲突。
13 The extent to which the Internet will transform other fields of human endeavor , however , is less certain. Even when everyone on the planet has been connected to the Internet, there will still be wars, pollution, and inequality. As new gizmos come and go, human nature seems to remain stubbornly unchanged; despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings. The Internet is not the first technology to have been hailed as a panacea and it will certainly not be the last.
然而，我们还不清楚因特网能够在多大程度上改变人类其他领域的活动．即使地球上的每个人都与因特网相连；战争、污染和不平等依然会存在、随着新鲜事物的交替更迭，人类的本性看来还会固执地保持不变Z 不管科技预言家的预言是什么，人类的发明绝对不能克服其自身的缺陷。因特网不是第一种被人们视为万能药的技
术，也肯定不会是最后一种。
Unite4参考译文
论三种疲劳
8 Psychological. Emotional problems and conflicts, especially depression and anxiety, are by far the most common causes of prolonged fatigue. Fatigue may represent a defence mechanism that prevents you from having to face the true cause of your depression, such as the fact that you hate your job. It is also your body's safety mechanism for expressing repressed emotional conflicts, such as feeling trapped in an ungrateful role or an unhappy marriage. When such feelings are not expressed openly, they often come out as physical symptoms, with fatigue as one of the most common manifestations. "Many people who are extremely fatigued don't even know they're depressed," Dr. Bulette says. "They're so busy distracting themselves or just worrying about being tired that they don't recognize their depression.”
8第三，C 理上的．情绪问题和烦恼，特别是忧郁和焦虑是长期疲劳的最常见的原因、疲劳可以是一种保护机制，阻碍你去正视你感到压抑的真正原因；比如你厌恶你的工作；疲劳也是你体内的一种安全阀，用以表达压抑的情绪上的烦恼，比如你感到陷进了一个不能发挥作用的工作或者一个不幸的婚姻．当这种情感不能公开得以宣泄时，身体上就往往会产 生某些症状，疲劳则是最常见的表现形式。“许多极度疲劳的人甚至不知道自己患了抑郁 症，”布莱特博士说，“他们根本不去注意自己的情绪，或者说他们只担“自己的疲劳，以至于没有意识到自己的抑郁底”
15 No matter how interesting or demanding you work, you'll be able to do it with more vigor if now and again you stop, stretch, and change the scenery. Instead of coffee and a sweet roll on your break, try meditation, yoga, callisthenics , or a brisk walk. Even running up and down the staircase can provide refreshment from a sedentary job. If your job is physically demanding, relax in a quiet place for a while. The do-something-different rule also applies to vacation; "getting away from it all" for a week or two or longer can be highly revitalizing, helping you to put things in perspective and enabling you to take your job more in stride upon your return.
第五，休息。不论你的工作多么有趣，要求多么高，如果你能偶尔停下来，伸展一下肢体，换一换环境，你工作起来就会更力。精力充沛。不要在休息时喝咖啡，吃甜食，而应该试着去冥思，做一做瑜伽术、健美儒或者轻松地散散步，甚至沿着楼梯上下来回跑也能给你久坐的工作带来清新的感觉．如果你从事的是体力劳动，那么就找一个安静的地方放松一下。“做一些不同的事情”的原则也适用于放假、“完全远离工作”一周、两周或更长时间会令你恢复活力，有助于你正确地处理事情，并且使你体假回来后能更 缺陷。因特网不是第一种被人们视为万能药的技术，也肯定不会是最后一种。
No matter how interesting or demanding you work, you'll be able to do it with more vigor if now and again you stop, stretch, and change the scenery. Instead of coffee and a sweet roll on your break, try meditation, yoga, callisthenics , or a brisk walk. Even running up and down the staircase can provide refreshment from a sedentary job. If your job is physically demanding, relax in a quiet place for a while.
The do-something-different rule also applies to vacation; "getting away from it all" for a week or two or longer can be highly revitalizing, helping you to put things in perspective and enabling you to take your job more in stride upon your return.
Unite5课文参考译文:
抚养孩子
1． It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. „Upbringing‟ is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished by the term „education‟. In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.
人们一般认为孩子最初几年的经历对其性格以及以后个性的培养影响很大。每一种经历都会交给孩子一些东西，而且其影响也在日积月累。抚养通常指在家里对孩子的培养和锻炼，这和学校对孩子的培养和锻炼密切相关。二者之间的区别则在于学校所作的通常被称为教育。在我们的社会里，家长与教师都要对孩子今后的发展负责，因而父母的抚养和学校的教育相辅相成、缺一不可。
9. Every parent watches eagerly the child‟s acquisition of each new skill---the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new
每一位父母都渴望看到自己孩子所获得的每一种新技能，例如孩子第一次开口说话，第一次在无人帮助的情况下走路，或是学会了阅读和写作。拔苗助长、超前学习常常诱惑着家长，但这会使孩子养成一种害怕失败，焦虑不安的心理状态。这种拔苗助长的情况在任何年龄阶段都可能发生。婴儿有时会被家长过早的强迫使用卫生间，小孩子会在还不懂得词语本身的含义时而被迫进行阅读。但另一方面，家长如果对孩子放任不管，致使他没有学习的机会，那么孩子就会失去对生活的热情，失去对新事物的好奇心。
Unite6参考译文
6． Perhaps the most commonly voiced objection to volunteer participation during the under-graduate years is that it consumes time and energy that the student might otherwise devote to "academic" pursuits. This argument has been laid to rest by the results of our longitudinal analyses, which reveal significant positive effects on all ten academic outcomes included in the study. While the analyses reveal that the net benefit attributable to service participation is quite small in the case of a student's grade point average-- about 1 grade point -- the fact remains that the effect is indeed positive and statistically significant. Among students who had at least a B＋average in high school, 69 percent of the service participants (compared to 56 percent of the non-participants) were able to maintain at least a B＋ average in college. Among those who entered college with a B or lower average, 27 percent of the service participants (compared to 19 percent of the non-participants) were able to improve to at least a B＋
average in college.
反对在大学期间自愿参加社会服务的最普遍的呼声也许是认为社会服务占去了学生的时间和精力，否则，学生会用这些时间和精力去做学术研究。这一争论已随着我们纵向分析结果的出现而平息。因为分析结果表明10门学习成绩都受到社会服务显著的正面影响。分析表明，尽管从学生的平均积分点看，对他们直接的收益很小----大约为一个积分点，但事实上其影响是积极的，从统计学角度来看很明显。在那些高中成绩至少是平均B+的学生中，69%的参加社会服务的学生（同56%的不参加社会服务的学生相比）能在大学保持至少平均B+的成绩；在那些入学时成绩为B 或低于平均分的学生中，27%的参加社会服务的学生（19%不参加社会服务的学生相比）能在大学至少将成绩提高到平均为B+。
8. In the area of life skills, service participants show greater positive change than do non-participants in terms of all eight outcomes analyzed, with the largest differences occurring in understanding community problems, knowledge of different races/cultures, acceptance of different races/cultures, and interpersonal skills. Other significant differences that „favor service participants include understanding the nation's social problems, the ability to work cooperatively, skills in conflict resolution, and the ability to think critically.
在生活能力上，从所分析的8门课程成绩看，参加社会服务的学生比那些不参加社会服务的的学生表现出更为积极的变化。其中最大的变化在于对社会问题的理解，对不同种族/文化的认识，对不同种族/文化的认可，以及人际交往能力的提高。其他有益的变化还包括对这个国家的社会问题的理解，合作能力、解决社会冲突问题的能力以及严谨思考的能力的提高。
Unite 7课文参考译文
1. The twilight of the 20th century is an age of enormous technological change.
Every day brings new examples of advances in computing, communications, and biotechnology that change the way we live, and the way we look at the world. Economically speaking, technology companies founded in just the last 30 years have created an aggregate capital value of close to a trillion dollars, making technology a major engine driving the U.S. economy.
20世纪末期是一个科技巨变的时代。计算机运用、通信和生物技术领域每天都有新的进步。它们改变了我们的生活方式和观察世界的方式。就经济而言，在过去30年里成立的技术公司创造的资本价值共计约1万亿美元，这使技术成为驱动美国经济的一个主要动力。
6 Scientific research is by nature an uncertain undertaking. Like any exploratory process, it is not possible to predict what one will find or what its eventual utility might be. That is the whole point of research -- investigating what we do not know. In other walks of life we have come to grips with the notion of stochastic phenomena that are not individually predictable, but can be tackled as a group. Mutual fund managers do not expect every investment to have the same return, nor do actuaries expect every person to live precisely to the life expectancy. The whole point of a mutual fund or an insurance company, is to create a portfolio of unpredictable entities that in the aggregate yield to statistical prediction. Given a sufficiently large portfolio of research projects, and enough time to bring them to fruition, the track record is clear: Science is a tremendous, and very predictable investment.
科学研究本质上是一项把握性不高的事业。与任何探险过程一样，没人能预测会发现什么，最终的效用是什么。但这也正是研究的意义——去考察我们所不知道的。在其他行业里，人们所应对的是必然性（随机性），虽然个体不能预测但其集合体是可预测的，这样才能对偶然的现象进行预测。互利基金经理并不期望每次投资都会带来相同的回报，精算师也不期望每个人都会长命到老。互利基金或保险公司的目标在于：将单独不可预测的个体进行整合，分析，从而可以进行统计预测。若研究项目足够多，并投入充足的时间保证它们的完成，跟踪记录会清晰表明：科学实际上是一项巨大的可预测的投资。
中英文对照翻译
Unit 1
A Y oung Boy‟s Ambition
Once a day a cheap, gaudy packet arrived upward from St. Louis,
and another downward from Keokuk. Before these events, the day was glorious with expectancy; after them, the day was a dead and empty thing. Not only the boys, but the whole village, felt this. After all these years I can picture that old time to myself now, just as it was then: the white town drowsing in the sunshine of a summer's morning; the streets empty, or prettynearly so; one or two clerks sitting in front of the Water Street stores, with their splint-bottomed chairs tilted back against the wall, chins on breasts, hats slouched over their faces, asleep - with shingle-shavings enough around to show what broke them down; a sow and a litter of pigs loafing along the sidewalk, doing a good business in watermelon rinds and seeds; two or three lonely little freight piles scattered about the "levee"; a pile of "skids" on the slope of the stone-paved wharf, and the fragrant town drunkard asleep in the shadow of them; two or three wood flats at the head of the wharf, but nobody to listen to the peaceful lapping of the wavelets against them; the great Mississippi, the majestic, the magnificent Mississippi, rolling its mile-wide tide along, shining in the sun; the dense forest away on the other side; the "point" above the town, and the "point" below, bounding the
river-glimpse and turning it into a sort of sea, and withal a very still and brilliant and lonely one. Presently a film of dark smoke appears above one of those remote "points"; instantly a negro drayman, famous for his quick eye and prodigious voice, lifts up the cry, "S-t-e-a-m-boat a-comin!" and the scene changes! The town drunkard stirs, the clerks wake up, a furious clatter of drays follows, every house and store pours out a human contribution, and all in a twinkling the dead town is alive and moving.
一艘简陋而外表华丽的定班轮船从圣路易斯开上来，另一艘从奇阿库克往
下游开，每天都要来到这里一次。在这些大事出现之前；这一天使人充满了期望，显得光辉灿烂；这些大事过了之后，时光就变得死气沉沉，空空洞洞了．不仅孩子们有这种感觉，整个村镇都是一样、如今事隔多年，我仍旧能在C 中描绘往日的情景，完全像当时那样：夏天早晨，白色的村镇在阳光中打响街上是空荡荡的，几乎一个人都没有；水街的杂货铺前面坐着一两个店员，他们把那木条椅面的椅子翘起来 靠在墙上，下巴顶在胸前，帽子垂下这着脸；打着瞌睡——他们身边有许多削木瓦的碎片，这就说明是什么事情把他们累坏了；一只母猪和一窝猪仔在人行道上闲荡着，痛痛快快地啃着西瓜皮和瓜子；两三个孤零零的小货物堆在“码头”上闲置着；石头铺的起卸码头的坡上有一堆“垫木”，镇上的流浪醉汉就在 这木堆近旁酣睡着Z 码头上端有两三只平底木船；可是那拍打着这些船的小浪的柔和声响，却没有人倾听；伟大的密西西比河，壮丽、辉煌的密西西比河；让它那一荚里宽的洪流滚滚奔腾下去，在阳光中放出闪光；河对岸的远处是茂密的森林Z 村镇上游的“地角”和下游的“地角”截断了河上景色的视线。把它变成了一片海面，而且这海面还是风光明媚、沉寂而幽静的。随后有一股黑烟在远处的一个“地角”上空升腾起来；立刻就有一个以眼睛特别
快、嗓子特别响出名的黑人运货马车夫高声喊道：“火——轮——船——来 了！”于是情况就变了！镇上那个醉汉翻身起来，那几个店员也醒了；随后就是运货马车的一阵狂暴的响声，每厂人家和每个铺子里都涌出一股人流，转瞬之间，这个死气沉沉的村镇就热闹起来了、活动起来了。
So by and by I ran away. I said I never would come home again till I was a
pilot and could come in glory. But somehow I could not manage it. I went meekly aboard a few of the boats that lay packed together like sardines at the long St. Louis wharf, and very humbly inquired for the pilots, but only got a cold shoulder and short words from mates and clerks. I had to make the best of this sort of treatment for the time being, but I had comforting daydreams of a future when I should be a great and honored pilot, with plenty of money, and could kill some of these mates and clerks and pay for them.
于是我不久就跑掉了、我说非到我当了领航员、能够得意荣归的时候，永
远也不回家。可是不知怎么的，我却办不到。圣路易斯那个很长的码头上有许多船像沙丁鱼似挤在一起停靠着，我胆怯地走到几条船上去，低声下气地探寻船上的领航员，可是大副和职员们都对我摆出爱理不理的样子，几句话就把我打发了。我对他们这种态度，暂时只好极力容忍；可是我对将来却做着聊以自慰的白日梦，满希望日后自己成为一个伟大的、受人尊敬的领航员，能有许多的钱；可以把这些大副和职员杀掉几个，出钱偿命了事。
Unite2课文参考译文:
2 Grandest of all the claims are those made by some of the savants at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology about the Internet's potential as a force for peace. One guru, Nicho- I las Negroponte, has declared that, thanks to the Internet, the children of the future "are not going to know what nationalism is". His colleague, Michael Dertouzos, has written that digital communications will bring "computer-aided peace" which "may help" stave off future flare- ' ups of ethnic hatred and national break-ups. The idea is that improved communications will I reduce misunderstandings and avert conflict.
所有的断言中最为美妙的便是J 麻省理J 学院的一些专家们所宣称的：因特网是一种潜在的和平力量。一位权威尼十拉斯 内格罗蓬特说，正是由于因特网的存在，来来的孩子们“将不知道民族主义为何物”。他的同事迈克尔 德托索斯曾写道，数字化通信将带来“计算机辅助下的和平”，它“有助于避免未来种族仇恨的爆发和国家分裂的发生”。他的理念是改进了的通信手段将减少误解；避免冲突。
13 The extent to which the Internet will transform other fields of human endeavor , however , is less certain. Even when everyone on the planet has been connected to the Internet, there will still be wars, pollution, and inequality. As new gizmos come and go, human nature seems to remain stubbornly unchanged; despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings. The Internet is not the first technology to have been hailed as a panacea and it will certainly not be the last.
然而，我们还不清楚因特网能够在多大程度上改变人类其他领域的活动．即使地球上的每个人都与因特网相连；战争、污染和不平等依然会存在、随着新鲜事物的交替更迭，人类的本性看来还会固执地保持不变Z 不管科技预言家的预言是什么，人类的发明绝对不能克服其自身的缺陷。因特网不是第一种被人们视为万能药的技
术，也肯定不会是最后一种。
Unite4参考译文
论三种疲劳
8 Psychological. Emotional problems and conflicts, especially depression and anxiety, are by far the most common causes of prolonged fatigue. Fatigue may represent a defence mechanism that prevents you from having to face the true cause of your depression, such as the fact that you hate your job. It is also your body's safety mechanism for expressing repressed emotional conflicts, such as feeling trapped in an ungrateful role or an unhappy marriage. When such feelings are not expressed openly, they often come out as physical symptoms, with fatigue as one of the most common manifestations. "Many people who are extremely fatigued don't even know they're depressed," Dr. Bulette says. "They're so busy distracting themselves or just worrying about being tired that they don't recognize their depression.”
8第三，C 理上的．情绪问题和烦恼，特别是忧郁和焦虑是长期疲劳的最常见的原因、疲劳可以是一种保护机制，阻碍你去正视你感到压抑的真正原因；比如你厌恶你的工作；疲劳也是你体内的一种安全阀，用以表达压抑的情绪上的烦恼，比如你感到陷进了一个不能发挥作用的工作或者一个不幸的婚姻．当这种情感不能公开得以宣泄时，身体上就往往会产 生某些症状，疲劳则是最常见的表现形式。“许多极度疲劳的人甚至不知道自己患了抑郁 症，”布莱特博士说，“他们根本不去注意自己的情绪，或者说他们只担“自己的疲劳，以至于没有意识到自己的抑郁底”
15 No matter how interesting or demanding you work, you'll be able to do it with more vigor if now and again you stop, stretch, and change the scenery. Instead of coffee and a sweet roll on your break, try meditation, yoga, callisthenics , or a brisk walk. Even running up and down the staircase can provide refreshment from a sedentary job. If your job is physically demanding, relax in a quiet place for a while. The do-something-different rule also applies to vacation; "getting away from it all" for a week or two or longer can be highly revitalizing, helping you to put things in perspective and enabling you to take your job more in stride upon your return.
第五，休息。不论你的工作多么有趣，要求多么高，如果你能偶尔停下来，伸展一下肢体，换一换环境，你工作起来就会更力。精力充沛。不要在休息时喝咖啡，吃甜食，而应该试着去冥思，做一做瑜伽术、健美儒或者轻松地散散步，甚至沿着楼梯上下来回跑也能给你久坐的工作带来清新的感觉．如果你从事的是体力劳动，那么就找一个安静的地方放松一下。“做一些不同的事情”的原则也适用于放假、“完全远离工作”一周、两周或更长时间会令你恢复活力，有助于你正确地处理事情，并且使你体假回来后能更 缺陷。因特网不是第一种被人们视为万能药的技术，也肯定不会是最后一种。
No matter how interesting or demanding you work, you'll be able to do it with more vigor if now and again you stop, stretch, and change the scenery. Instead of coffee and a sweet roll on your break, try meditation, yoga, callisthenics , or a brisk walk. Even running up and down the staircase can provide refreshment from a sedentary job. If your job is physically demanding, relax in a quiet place for a while.
The do-something-different rule also applies to vacation; "getting away from it all" for a week or two or longer can be highly revitalizing, helping you to put things in perspective and enabling you to take your job more in stride upon your return.
Unite5课文参考译文:
抚养孩子
1． It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. „Upbringing‟ is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished by the term „education‟. In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.
人们一般认为孩子最初几年的经历对其性格以及以后个性的培养影响很大。每一种经历都会交给孩子一些东西，而且其影响也在日积月累。抚养通常指在家里对孩子的培养和锻炼，这和学校对孩子的培养和锻炼密切相关。二者之间的区别则在于学校所作的通常被称为教育。在我们的社会里，家长与教师都要对孩子今后的发展负责，因而父母的抚养和学校的教育相辅相成、缺一不可。
9. Every parent watches eagerly the child‟s acquisition of each new skill---the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new
每一位父母都渴望看到自己孩子所获得的每一种新技能，例如孩子第一次开口说话，第一次在无人帮助的情况下走路，或是学会了阅读和写作。拔苗助长、超前学习常常诱惑着家长，但这会使孩子养成一种害怕失败，焦虑不安的心理状态。这种拔苗助长的情况在任何年龄阶段都可能发生。婴儿有时会被家长过早的强迫使用卫生间，小孩子会在还不懂得词语本身的含义时而被迫进行阅读。但另一方面，家长如果对孩子放任不管，致使他没有学习的机会，那么孩子就会失去对生活的热情，失去对新事物的好奇心。
Unite6参考译文
6． Perhaps the most commonly voiced objection to volunteer participation during the under-graduate years is that it consumes time and energy that the student might otherwise devote to "academic" pursuits. This argument has been laid to rest by the results of our longitudinal analyses, which reveal significant positive effects on all ten academic outcomes included in the study. While the analyses reveal that the net benefit attributable to service participation is quite small in the case of a student's grade point average-- about 1 grade point -- the fact remains that the effect is indeed positive and statistically significant. Among students who had at least a B＋average in high school, 69 percent of the service participants (compared to 56 percent of the non-participants) were able to maintain at least a B＋ average in college. Among those who entered college with a B or lower average, 27 percent of the service participants (compared to 19 percent of the non-participants) were able to improve to at least a B＋
average in college.
反对在大学期间自愿参加社会服务的最普遍的呼声也许是认为社会服务占去了学生的时间和精力，否则，学生会用这些时间和精力去做学术研究。这一争论已随着我们纵向分析结果的出现而平息。因为分析结果表明10门学习成绩都受到社会服务显著的正面影响。分析表明，尽管从学生的平均积分点看，对他们直接的收益很小----大约为一个积分点，但事实上其影响是积极的，从统计学角度来看很明显。在那些高中成绩至少是平均B+的学生中，69%的参加社会服务的学生（同56%的不参加社会服务的学生相比）能在大学保持至少平均B+的成绩；在那些入学时成绩为B 或低于平均分的学生中，27%的参加社会服务的学生（19%不参加社会服务的学生相比）能在大学至少将成绩提高到平均为B+。
8. In the area of life skills, service participants show greater positive change than do non-participants in terms of all eight outcomes analyzed, with the largest differences occurring in understanding community problems, knowledge of different races/cultures, acceptance of different races/cultures, and interpersonal skills. Other significant differences that „favor service participants include understanding the nation's social problems, the ability to work cooperatively, skills in conflict resolution, and the ability to think critically.
在生活能力上，从所分析的8门课程成绩看，参加社会服务的学生比那些不参加社会服务的的学生表现出更为积极的变化。其中最大的变化在于对社会问题的理解，对不同种族/文化的认识，对不同种族/文化的认可，以及人际交往能力的提高。其他有益的变化还包括对这个国家的社会问题的理解，合作能力、解决社会冲突问题的能力以及严谨思考的能力的提高。
Unite 7课文参考译文
1. The twilight of the 20th century is an age of enormous technological change.
Every day brings new examples of advances in computing, communications, and biotechnology that change the way we live, and the way we look at the world. Economically speaking, technology companies founded in just the last 30 years have created an aggregate capital value of close to a trillion dollars, making technology a major engine driving the U.S. economy.
20世纪末期是一个科技巨变的时代。计算机运用、通信和生物技术领域每天都有新的进步。它们改变了我们的生活方式和观察世界的方式。就经济而言，在过去30年里成立的技术公司创造的资本价值共计约1万亿美元，这使技术成为驱动美国经济的一个主要动力。
6 Scientific research is by nature an uncertain undertaking. Like any exploratory process, it is not possible to predict what one will find or what its eventual utility might be. That is the whole point of research -- investigating what we do not know. In other walks of life we have come to grips with the notion of stochastic phenomena that are not individually predictable, but can be tackled as a group. Mutual fund managers do not expect every investment to have the same return, nor do actuaries expect every person to live precisely to the life expectancy. The whole point of a mutual fund or an insurance company, is to create a portfolio of unpredictable entities that in the aggregate yield to statistical prediction. Given a sufficiently large portfolio of research projects, and enough time to bring them to fruition, the track record is clear: Science is a tremendous, and very predictable investment.
科学研究本质上是一项把握性不高的事业。与任何探险过程一样，没人能预测会发现什么，最终的效用是什么。但这也正是研究的意义——去考察我们所不知道的。在其他行业里，人们所应对的是必然性（随机性），虽然个体不能预测但其集合体是可预测的，这样才能对偶然的现象进行预测。互利基金经理并不期望每次投资都会带来相同的回报，精算师也不期望每个人都会长命到老。互利基金或保险公司的目标在于：将单独不可预测的个体进行整合，分析，从而可以进行统计预测。若研究项目足够多，并投入充足的时间保证它们的完成，跟踪记录会清晰表明：科学实际上是一项巨大的可预测的投资。