高中化学常考离子反应方程式归纳
2Al + 6H == 2Al + 3H2↑
2Al + 2OH- + 2H2O == 2AlO2- + 3H2↑
Al + 3H2
O Al(OH)3 + 3H
Al 3+ + 3OH- == Al(OH)3↓
Al + 4OH == AlO2 + 2H2O
3+--3Al + 10OH == 2Al(OH)3↓ + AlO2 + 2H2O (当n(AlCl3)/n(NaOH)= 3 :10时) Al 3+ + 3NH3.H 2O == Al(OH)3↓+ 3NH4+
2Al + 3CO3 + 3H2O == 2Al(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
Al + 3HCO3 == Al(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
Al + 3HS + 3H2O == Al(OH)3↓ + 3H2S↑
2Al 3+ + 3S2- + 6H2O == 2Al(OH)3↓ + 3H2S↑
Al 3+ + 3AlO2- + 6H2O== 4Al(OH)3↓
2Al 3+ + 3SiO32- == Al2(SiO3) 2↓
AlO 2 + 2H2
O Al(OH)3 + OH
AlO 2- + H+ + H2O == Al(OH)3↓
AlO 2- + 4H+ == Al3+ + 2H2O
9AlO 2 + 30H == 2Al(OH)3↓ + 7Al + 12H2O (当n(NaAlO2)/n(HCl)= 3 :10时) 3AlO 2- + Fe3+ + 6H2O == Fe(OH)3↓+ 3Al(OH)3↓
AlO 2 + NH4 +H2O == Al(OH)3↓ + NH3↑
AlO 2- + HCO3- + H2O == Al(OH)3↓+ CO32-
2AlO 2- + CO2 + 3H2O ==2 Al(OH)3↓+ CO32-
AlO 2- + CO2 + 2H2O == Al(OH)3↓+ HCO3-
Al 2O 3 + 6H+ == 2Al3+ + 3H2O
Al 2O 3 + 2OH- == 2AlO2- + H2O
Al(OH)3 + 3H+ == Al3+ + 2H2O
--Al(OH)3 + 2OH == AlO2 + 2H2O
Ag + + H2
O AgOH + H+
Ag + NH3.H 2O == AgOH↓+ NH4 ;
Ag + + 2NH3.H 2O == [Ag(NH3) 2]+ + H2O
Ag + + Cl- == AgCl↓
Ag + + Br- == AgBr↓
Ag + + I- == AgI↓
3Ag + + PO43- == Ag3PO 4↓
2Ag + + CO32- == Ag2CO 3↓
Ag 2CO 3 + 2H == 2Ag + CO2↑ + H2O
Ag 3PO 4 + 3H+ == 3Ag+ + H3PO 4
2Ag[(NH3) 2] + 2OH + CH3CHO
+--+3+3++3+--3+2--3+3+---+3+-++++++- CH 3COO + NH4 + 2Ag↓ + 3NH3 + H2O -+2Ag[(NH3) 2] + 2OH + CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO
Ba 2+ + SO42- = BaSO4↓
Ba 2+ + CO32- = BaCO3↓
3Ba 2+ + 2PO43- = Ba3(PO4) 2↓ CH 2OH(CHOH)4COO + NH4 + 2Ag↓ + 3NH3 + H2O -+
Ba + 2OH + CO2 == BaCO3↓ + H2O
Ba 2+ + 2OH- + 2H+ + SO42- == BaSO4↓+ 2H 2O ( NaHSO 4溶液中加Ba(OH)2,使溶液呈中性) 2+-+2-2+Ba + OH + H + SO4== BaSO4↓+ H2O (NaHSO 4溶液中加Ba(OH)2,使Ba 全部沉淀) BaCO 3 + 2H+ == Ca2+ + CO2↑+ H2O
2Br + Cl2 = 2Cl + Br2
Br 2 + SO2 +2H2O == 2Br- + 2H+ + SO42-
4Br + 2Fe + 3Cl2 == 2Fe + 2Br2 + 6Cl (足量Cl 2) -2+3+-2Br + 2Fe + 2Cl2 == 2Fe + Br2 + 4Cl(当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)= 1 :1时) 10Br - + 6Fe2+ + 8Cl2 == 6Fe3+ + 5Br2 + 16Cl- ( 当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)= 3 :4时) CO 3 + 2Ag== Ag2CO 3↓
CO 3 + Ba== BaCO3↓
CO 3 + Ca== CaCO3↓
CO 32- + 2H+== CO2↑+ H2O
CO 32- + H2
O HCO 3- + OH-
3CO 32- + 2Al3+ + 3H2O == 2Al(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
3CO 3 + 2Fe +3H2O == 2Fe(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
CO 2 + 2AlO2- + 3H2O ==2 Al(OH)3↓+ CO32-
CO 2 + AlO2- + 2H2O == Al(OH)3↓+ HCO3-
CO 2 + OH == HCO3
CO 2 + Ba2+ + 2OH-== BaCO3↓ + H2O
CO 2 + 2OH == CO3 + H2O
3CO 2 + 5OH- == 2CO32- + HCO3- + 2H2O (当n(CO2)/n(NaOH)= 3 :5时) CO 2 + SiO32- + 2H2O == H4SiO 4↓+ CO32-
Ca 2+ + 2OH- + CO2 == CaCO3↓ + H2O -2--- 2-3+2-2+2-2+2-+-2+- --2+3+-
Ca 2+ + 2OH- + SO2 == CaSO3↓ + H2O
Ca 2+ + 2ClO- + SO2 + H2O == CaSO4↓ + HClO + H+ + Cl- (少量SO 2)
Ca 2+ + 2ClO- + 2SO2 + 4H2O ==CaSO4↓ + 2Cl - + 4H+ + SO42- (足量SO 2)
2+-Ca + 2ClO + CO2 + H2O == CaCO3↓ + 2HClO
CaCO 3 + 2H+ == Ca2+ + CO2↑+ H2O
Cl 2 + H2O == Cl + H + HClO
Cl 2 + 2OH- == Cl- + ClO- + H2O
Cl 2 + 2OH- == Cl- + ClO- + H2O
Cl 2 + 2I- == 2Cl- + I2
Cl 2 + H2SO 3 + H2O == 2Cl- + SO42- + 4H+
Cl 2 + H2S == 2Cl- + 2H+ + S↓
Cl 2 + 2Fe2+ == 2Fe3+ + 2Cl-(向FeBr 2溶液中少量Cl 2) 3Cl 2 + 2Fe + 4Br == 2Fe + 2Br2 + 6Cl(足量Cl 2) 2Cl 2 + 2Fe2+ + 2Br- == 2Fe3+ + Br2 + 4Cl- (当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)= 1 :1时) 8Cl 2 + 6Fe + 10Br== 6Fe + 5Br2 + 16Cl (当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)= 3 :4时) Cl 2 + 2I- == 2Cl- + I2
Cl 2 + 2I- == I2 + 2Cl-(向FeI 2溶液中通入少量Cl 2) 3Cl 2 + 2Fe2+ + 4I-== 2Fe3+ + 2I2 + 6Cl- (足量Cl 2) 4Cl 2 + 2Fe2+ + 6I- == 2Fe3+ + 3I2 + 8Cl- (当n(FeI2)/n(Cl2)= 3 :4时) 2+--+2+-3+- 3+-
2Cl + 4H + MnO2== Mn + Cl2↑+ 2H2O
Cl + Ag == AgCl↓
ClO - + H+ == HClO
-+-2-ClO + SO2 +H2O == 2H + Cl + SO4
ClO - + H2
O HClO + OH-
Cu + 2Fe == 2Fe + Cu
3Cu + 2NO3- + 8H+ == 3Cu2+ + 2NO↑+ 4H2O
2+Cu + 2H2
O
2+
2+
2+3+2+2+--+2++ Cu(OH)2 + 2H 2++Cu 2+ + 2NH3.H 2O == Cu(OH)2↓+ 2NH4+ Cu + 4NH3.H 2O == [Cu(NH3) 4] + 4H2O Cu + 2Na + 2H2O == 2Na + Cu(OH)2↓+ H2↑ Cu + H2S == 2H + CuS↓
Cu 2+ + Fe == Cu + Fe2+
Cu 2+ + 2OH- == Cu(OH)2↓
CuO + 2H+ == Cu2+ + H2O
C 6H 5O + H2
O C 6H 5OH + OH
C 6H 5O - + CO2 == C6H 5OH + HCO3-
6C 6H 5OH + Fe 3+ == [Fe(C6H 5O) 6]3-(紫色溶液) + 6H+
CH 3CHO + 2Ag[(NH3) 2] + 2OH
+- ++--CH 3COO + NH4 + 2Ag↓ + 3NH3 + H2O -+
CH 3CHO + 2Cu(OH)
2 CH 3COOH + Cu2O ↓ + 2H2O
2CH 3COOH + CaCO3 == 2CH3COO - + Ca2+ + CO2↑ + H2O
CH 2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Ag[(NH3) 2]+ + 2OH
- CH 2OH(CHOH)4COO - + NH4+ + 2Ag↓ + 3NH3 + H2O CH 2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Cu(OH)
2 CH 2OH(CHOH)4COOH + Cu2O ↓ + 2H2O
5C 2H 4 + 12MnO4- + 36H+ == 12Mn2+ + 10CO2↑ + 28H2O
5C 2O 42- + 2MnO4- + 16H+ == 2Mn2+ + 10CO2↑ + 8H2O
2F 2 + 2H2O == 4HF + O2↑
Fe + 2H+ = Fe2+ + H2↑
Fe + Cu = Fe + Cu
Fe + 2Fe3+ == 3Fe2+
Fe 2+ + 2OH- == Fe(OH)2↓
2Fe 2+ + Cl2 == 2Fe3+ + 2Cl-
2Fe 2+ + Br2 == 2Fe3+ + 2Br-
2Fe 2+ + H2O 2 + 2H+ == 2Fe3+ + 2H2O
3Fe 2+ + NO3- + 4H+ == 3Fe3+ + NO↑ + 2H2O
Fe + S == FeS↓
2Fe 2+ + Cl2 == 2Fe3+ + 2Cl- (向FeBr 2溶液中通入少量Cl 2) 2Fe + 4Br + 3Cl2 == 2Fe + 2Br2 + 6Cl (足量Cl 2) 2Fe 2+ + 2Br- + 2Cl2 == 2Fe3+ + Br2 + 4Cl-( 当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)= 1 :1时) 2+-2+2+2+2- 3+- 6Fe 2+ + 10Br- + 8Cl2 == 6Fe3+ + 5Br2 + 16Cl- (当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)= 3 :4时) 2Fe 2+ + 4I- + 3Cl2 == 2Fe3+ + 2I2 + 6Cl- (向FeI 2溶液中足量Cl 2) 2Fe 2+ + 6I- + 4Cl2 == 2Fe3+ + 3I2 + 8Cl- (当n(FeI2)/n(Cl2)= 3 :4时)
Fe + 3OH == Fe(OH)3↓
2Fe 3+ + Cu == 2Fe2+ + Cu2+
3+ 2+2Fe + Fe == 3Fe
Fe 3+ + 3HCO3- == Fe(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
Fe + 3AlO2 + 6H2O == Fe(OH)3↓+ 3Al(OH)3↓
2Fe 3+ + 3CO32- + 3H2O == 2Fe(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
2Fe + H2S == 2Fe + S↓+ 2H
3+2-2+2Fe + S == 2Fe + S↓
2Fe 3+ + 2I- == 2Fe2+ + I2
2Fe + SO2 + 2H2O == 2Fe + SO4 + 4H
Fe + 3SCN == Fe(SCN)3(红色溶液)
Fe + 6C6H 5OH == [Fe(C6H 5O) 6](紫色溶液) + 6H
Fe 3+ + 3H2
O Fe(OH)3(胶体) + 3H+
FeO + 2H+ == Fe2+ + H2O
Fe 2O 3 + 6H+ == Fe3+ + 3H2O
Fe 3O 4 + 8H == Fe + 2Fe + 4H2O
FeS + 2H+ ==Fe2+ + H2S↑
H + + OH- = H2O
2H 2O + 2Na = 2Na +2OH + H2↑
2H 2O + 2Na2O 2 = 4Na+ +4OH- + O2↑
H 2O + Na2O = 2Na +2OH
H 2O + Cl2 == Cl- + H+ + HclO
H 2O 2 + 2I- + 2H+ = I2 + 2H2O
H 2O 2 + 2Fe2+ + 2H+ == 2Fe3+ + 2H2O
5H 2O 2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+ = 2Mn2+ + 5O2↑+ 8H2O
H 2O 2 + Cl2 = 2H+ + 2Cl- + O2↑
H 2O 2 + SO2 == 2H+ + SO42-
+-H 2CO 3
H + HCO3
HCO 3-
H + + CO32-
H 2O + CO3
HCO 3- + H2
O 2-
+-+-+2+3+3+3-+ 3+-3+ 2+2-+ 3+2++3+-3+- HCO 3 + OH
H 2CO 3 + OH- --
HCO 3- + OH- == CO32- + H2O HCO 3- + H+ == CO2↑ + H2O
3HCO 3- + Al3+ == Al(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
3HCO 3- + Fe3+ == Fe(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
2HCO 3- + Ca2+ + 2OH- == CaCO3↓+2H 2O + CO32-(向NaHCO 3溶液中加入少量澄清石灰水) HCO 3- + Ca2+ + OH- == CaCO3↓ + H2O (足量澄清石灰水) HCO 3 + Ca + OH == CaCO3↓ + H2O (向Ca(HCO3) 2溶液中加入少量NaOH 溶液) 2HCO 3- + Ca2+ + 2OH- == CaCO3↓+ 2H 2O + CO32- (Ca(HCO3) 2溶液中加入足量NaOH 溶液) HCO 3+ OH == CO3 + H2O (向NH 4HCO 3溶液中加入少量NaOH 溶液)
HCO 3- + NH4+ + 2OH- == CO32- + H2O + NH3.H 2O (向NH 4HCO 3溶液中加入足量NaOH 溶液) 2HCO 3- + SO2 == SO32- + CO2↑ + H2O
HCO 3- + AlO2- + H2O == Al(OH)3↓+ CO32-
H 3PO 4
H + + H2PO 4- - -2--2+-
H 2PO 4
2-
-
H + HPO4 +3-+2-HPO 4 H + PO4
H 3PO 4 + OH- = H2PO 4- + H2O
--2-H 2PO 4 + OH = HPO4 + H2O
HPO 42- + OH- = PO43- + H2O
PO 4 + H2
O
HPO 42- + H2
O
-3- HPO 4 + OH H 2PO 4- + OH- -2--H 2PO 4 + H2
O H 3PO 4 + OH
+3-2-H + PO4 = HPO4
H + + HPO42-= H2PO 4-
H + H2PO 4 = H3PO 4
H 2
S
-
+- H + HS +2-+-HS H + S
H + + S2- = HS-
H + + HS- = H2S
H 2O + S2-
HS - + OH -
HS + H2
O H 2S + OH
H 2S + OH- == HS- + H2O
HS - + OH- == S2- + H2O
H 2S + Cl2 == 2Cl + 2H + S↓
2H 2S + SO2 == 3S↓ + 2H2O
2H 2S + O2 == 2S↓ + 2H2O
H 2S + Cu2+ == 2H+ + CuS↓
H 2S + (CH3COO) 2Pb== PbS↓ + 2CH3COOH
H 2S + 2OH- == S2- + 2H2O
3HS - + Al3+ + 3H2O == Al(OH)3↓ + 3H2S↑
H 2SO 3
H + + HSO3-
HSO 3-
H + + SO32-
--HSO 3 + H2
O H 2SO 3 + OH
HSO 3- + OH- == SO32- + H2O
HSO 3 + H == SO2↑ + H2O
H 2SO 3 + Cl2 + H2O == 2Cl- + SO42- + 4H+
2I - + 2Fe3+ == 2Fe2+ + I2
2I - + Cl2 == 2Cl- + I2
2I - + Br2 == 2Br- + I2
I - + Ag+ = AgI↓
2I - + H2O 2 + 2H+ = I2 + 2H2O
2Li + 2H2O == 2Li + 2OH + H2↑
Mg + 2H+ == Mg2+ + H2↑
Mg + 2OH = Mg(OH)2↓
Mg 2+ + CO32- = MgCO3↓
MgCO 3 + 2H+ = Mg2+ + CO2↑+ H2O
MgO + 2H+ == Mg2+ + H2O
Mg(OH)2 + 2H+ = Mg2+ + 2H2O 2+-+--+-+--
MnO 2 + 2Cl + 4H == Mn + Cl2↑+ 2H2O
MnO 4 + 5Fe + 8H == 5Fe + Mn 4H2O
2KMnO 4- + 5H2O 2 + 6H+ == 2Mn2+ + 5O2↑ + 8H2O
-+2+12MnO 4 + 5C2H 4 + 36H == 12Mn + 10CO2↑ + 28H2O
2MnO 4- + 5C2O 42- + 16H+ == 2Mn2+ + 10CO2↑ + 8H2O
2Na + 2H2O == 2Na + 2OH + H2↑
2Na + Cu2+ + 2H2O == 2Na+ + Cu(OH)2↓+ H2↑
NH 4 + H2
O NH 3.H 2O + H
+2-2NH 4 + SiO3 + H2O == H4SiO 4↓ + 2NH3↑
NH 4+ + AlO2- + H2O == Al(OH)3↓ + NH3↑
NH 4 + HCO3+ 2OH == CO3 + H2O + NH3.H 2O (向NH 4HCO 3溶液中加入足量NaOH 溶液) NH 3 + H2
O NH 3.H 2O
+--+2+-2++3+2++-+++- -2-NH 3.H 2
O NH 4 + OH
NH 3.H 2O + Ag+ == AgOH↓+ NH4+ ;2AgOH == Ag2O + H2O (AgNO3溶液中加入少量氨水) 2NH 3.H 2O + Ag+ == [Ag(NH3) 2]+ + H2O (足量氨水) : 2NH 3.H 2O + Cu2+ == Cu(OH)2↓+ 2NH4+ (向CuSO 4溶液中加入少量氨水) :
4NH 3.H 2O + Cu == [Cu(NH3) 4] + 4H2O (足量氨水) : 2NH 3.H 2O + Zn2+ == Zn(OH)2↓+ 2NH4+ (向ZnCl 2溶液中加入少量氨水)
4NH 3.H 2O + Zn2+ == [Zn(NH3) 4]2+ + 4H2O ( 足量氨水) : 3NH 3.H 2O + Al == Al(OH)3↓+ 3NH4
NO 3- + 3Fe2+ + 4H+ == 3Fe3+ + NO↑ + 2H2O
2NO 3 + 3SO2 + 2H2O == 3SO4 + 2NO↑ + 4H
2NO 3- + 3Cu + 8H+ == 3Cu2+ + 2NO↑+ 4H2O
OH - + H+ = H2O
OH - + CO2 == HCO3-
O 2 + 2H2S == 2S↓+ 2H2O
O 2 + 2S2- + 4H+ = S↓+ 2H2O
O 2 + 2HS- + 2H+ = S↓+ 2H2O
2++3+O 2 + 4Fe + 4H = Fe + 2H2O
3O 2 + 12Fe2+ + 6H2O = 8Fe3+ + 4Fe(OH)3↓
O 2 + 2SO3 == 2SO4
O 3 + 2I- + 2H+ == I2 + O2 + H2O
PO 43- + 3Ag+ = Ag3PO 4↓
2PO 43- + 3Ca2+ = Ca3(PO4) 2↓
PO 43- + H+ = HPO42-
PO 43- + 2H+ = H2PO 4-
PO 43- + 3H+ = H3PO 4
Pb + SO4 = PbSO4↓
Pb 2+ + S2- = PbS↓
PbO 2 + 2Cl + 4H == Pb + Cl2↑+ 2H2O
(CH3COO) 2Pb + H2S== PbS↓ + 2CH3COOH
3S + 6OH- = 2S2- + SO32- + 3H2O
S 2- + H2
O HS - + OH-
3S 2- + 2Al3+ + 6H2O == 2Al(OH)3↓ + 3H2S↑ -+2+2+2-2-2--2+2+3++ 2-+
S + 2Fe == 2Fe + S↓
SO 2 + Ca + 2ClO + H2O == CaSO4↓ + HClO + H + Cl (少量SO 2)
2SO 2 + Ca2+ + 2ClO- + 4H2O ==CaSO4↓ + 2Cl- + 4H+ + SO42- (足量SO 2)
3+ 2+2-+SO 2 + 2Fe+ 2H2O == 2Fe + SO4 + 4H
SO 2 + 2HCO3- == SO32- + CO2↑ + H2O
SO 2 + 2OH == SO3 + H2O
SO 2 + OH- == HSO3-
SO 2 + Br2 + 2H2O == 2Br + 2H + SO4
-+2-SO 2 + I2 + 2H2O == 2I + 2H + SO4
SO 2 + H2O 2 == 2H+ + SO42-
3SO 2 + 2NO3 + 2H2O == 3SO4 + 2NO↑ + 4H
SO 2 + ClO + H2O == 2H + Cl + SO4
SO 2 + 2H2S == 3S↓ + 2H2O
SO 2 + H2
O H 2SO 3
5SO 2 + 2MnO4- + 2H2O == 2Mn2+ + 5SO42- + 4H+
SO 32- + 2H+ == SO2↑+ H2O
SO 3 + H2
O HSO 3 + OH
SO 42- + Ba2+ == BaSO4↓
SO 42- + 2H+ + Ba2+ + 2OH- == BaSO4↓+ 2H 2O ( NaHSO 4溶液中加Ba(OH)2,使溶液呈中性) SO 4 + H + Ba + OH== BaSO4↓+ H2O (NaHSO 4溶液中加Ba(OH)2,使Ba 全部沉淀) S 2O 32- + 2H+ == S↓ + SO2↑ + H2O
Si + 2OH + H2O == SiO3 + 2H2↑
SiO 2 + 2OH- == SiO32- + H2O
SiO 32- + 2NH4+ + H2O == H4SiO 4↓ + 2NH3↑
SiO 32- + CO2 + 2H2O == H4SiO 4↓+ CO32-
SiO 32- + 2H+ + H2O == H4SiO 4↓
3SiO 32- + 2Fe3+ == Fe2(SiO3) 2↓
3SiO 32- + 2Al3+ == Al2(SiO3) 2↓
+2+Zn + 2H == Zn + H2↑
Zn + 2Fe3+ == 2Fe2+ + Zn2+ (少量Zn 片) 3Zn + 2Fe == 2Fe + 3Zn (过量Zn 片) 3+2+-2-2-+2+-2+2------2-3+2+2+-+-2--+2- 2-++-2-
高中化学常考离子反应方程式归纳
2Al + 6H == 2Al + 3H2↑
2Al + 2OH- + 2H2O == 2AlO2- + 3H2↑
Al + 3H2
O Al(OH)3 + 3H
Al 3+ + 3OH- == Al(OH)3↓
Al + 4OH == AlO2 + 2H2O
3+--3Al + 10OH == 2Al(OH)3↓ + AlO2 + 2H2O (当n(AlCl3)/n(NaOH)= 3 :10时) Al 3+ + 3NH3.H 2O == Al(OH)3↓+ 3NH4+
2Al + 3CO3 + 3H2O == 2Al(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
Al + 3HCO3 == Al(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
Al + 3HS + 3H2O == Al(OH)3↓ + 3H2S↑
2Al 3+ + 3S2- + 6H2O == 2Al(OH)3↓ + 3H2S↑
Al 3+ + 3AlO2- + 6H2O== 4Al(OH)3↓
2Al 3+ + 3SiO32- == Al2(SiO3) 2↓
AlO 2 + 2H2
O Al(OH)3 + OH
AlO 2- + H+ + H2O == Al(OH)3↓
AlO 2- + 4H+ == Al3+ + 2H2O
9AlO 2 + 30H == 2Al(OH)3↓ + 7Al + 12H2O (当n(NaAlO2)/n(HCl)= 3 :10时) 3AlO 2- + Fe3+ + 6H2O == Fe(OH)3↓+ 3Al(OH)3↓
AlO 2 + NH4 +H2O == Al(OH)3↓ + NH3↑
AlO 2- + HCO3- + H2O == Al(OH)3↓+ CO32-
2AlO 2- + CO2 + 3H2O ==2 Al(OH)3↓+ CO32-
AlO 2- + CO2 + 2H2O == Al(OH)3↓+ HCO3-
Al 2O 3 + 6H+ == 2Al3+ + 3H2O
Al 2O 3 + 2OH- == 2AlO2- + H2O
Al(OH)3 + 3H+ == Al3+ + 2H2O
--Al(OH)3 + 2OH == AlO2 + 2H2O
Ag + + H2
O AgOH + H+
Ag + NH3.H 2O == AgOH↓+ NH4 ;
Ag + + 2NH3.H 2O == [Ag(NH3) 2]+ + H2O
Ag + + Cl- == AgCl↓
Ag + + Br- == AgBr↓
Ag + + I- == AgI↓
3Ag + + PO43- == Ag3PO 4↓
2Ag + + CO32- == Ag2CO 3↓
Ag 2CO 3 + 2H == 2Ag + CO2↑ + H2O
Ag 3PO 4 + 3H+ == 3Ag+ + H3PO 4
2Ag[(NH3) 2] + 2OH + CH3CHO
+--+3+3++3+--3+2--3+3+---+3+-++++++- CH 3COO + NH4 + 2Ag↓ + 3NH3 + H2O -+2Ag[(NH3) 2] + 2OH + CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO
Ba 2+ + SO42- = BaSO4↓
Ba 2+ + CO32- = BaCO3↓
3Ba 2+ + 2PO43- = Ba3(PO4) 2↓ CH 2OH(CHOH)4COO + NH4 + 2Ag↓ + 3NH3 + H2O -+
Ba + 2OH + CO2 == BaCO3↓ + H2O
Ba 2+ + 2OH- + 2H+ + SO42- == BaSO4↓+ 2H 2O ( NaHSO 4溶液中加Ba(OH)2,使溶液呈中性) 2+-+2-2+Ba + OH + H + SO4== BaSO4↓+ H2O (NaHSO 4溶液中加Ba(OH)2,使Ba 全部沉淀) BaCO 3 + 2H+ == Ca2+ + CO2↑+ H2O
2Br + Cl2 = 2Cl + Br2
Br 2 + SO2 +2H2O == 2Br- + 2H+ + SO42-
4Br + 2Fe + 3Cl2 == 2Fe + 2Br2 + 6Cl (足量Cl 2) -2+3+-2Br + 2Fe + 2Cl2 == 2Fe + Br2 + 4Cl(当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)= 1 :1时) 10Br - + 6Fe2+ + 8Cl2 == 6Fe3+ + 5Br2 + 16Cl- ( 当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)= 3 :4时) CO 3 + 2Ag== Ag2CO 3↓
CO 3 + Ba== BaCO3↓
CO 3 + Ca== CaCO3↓
CO 32- + 2H+== CO2↑+ H2O
CO 32- + H2
O HCO 3- + OH-
3CO 32- + 2Al3+ + 3H2O == 2Al(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
3CO 3 + 2Fe +3H2O == 2Fe(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
CO 2 + 2AlO2- + 3H2O ==2 Al(OH)3↓+ CO32-
CO 2 + AlO2- + 2H2O == Al(OH)3↓+ HCO3-
CO 2 + OH == HCO3
CO 2 + Ba2+ + 2OH-== BaCO3↓ + H2O
CO 2 + 2OH == CO3 + H2O
3CO 2 + 5OH- == 2CO32- + HCO3- + 2H2O (当n(CO2)/n(NaOH)= 3 :5时) CO 2 + SiO32- + 2H2O == H4SiO 4↓+ CO32-
Ca 2+ + 2OH- + CO2 == CaCO3↓ + H2O -2--- 2-3+2-2+2-2+2-+-2+- --2+3+-
Ca 2+ + 2OH- + SO2 == CaSO3↓ + H2O
Ca 2+ + 2ClO- + SO2 + H2O == CaSO4↓ + HClO + H+ + Cl- (少量SO 2)
Ca 2+ + 2ClO- + 2SO2 + 4H2O ==CaSO4↓ + 2Cl - + 4H+ + SO42- (足量SO 2)
2+-Ca + 2ClO + CO2 + H2O == CaCO3↓ + 2HClO
CaCO 3 + 2H+ == Ca2+ + CO2↑+ H2O
Cl 2 + H2O == Cl + H + HClO
Cl 2 + 2OH- == Cl- + ClO- + H2O
Cl 2 + 2OH- == Cl- + ClO- + H2O
Cl 2 + 2I- == 2Cl- + I2
Cl 2 + H2SO 3 + H2O == 2Cl- + SO42- + 4H+
Cl 2 + H2S == 2Cl- + 2H+ + S↓
Cl 2 + 2Fe2+ == 2Fe3+ + 2Cl-(向FeBr 2溶液中少量Cl 2) 3Cl 2 + 2Fe + 4Br == 2Fe + 2Br2 + 6Cl(足量Cl 2) 2Cl 2 + 2Fe2+ + 2Br- == 2Fe3+ + Br2 + 4Cl- (当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)= 1 :1时) 8Cl 2 + 6Fe + 10Br== 6Fe + 5Br2 + 16Cl (当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)= 3 :4时) Cl 2 + 2I- == 2Cl- + I2
Cl 2 + 2I- == I2 + 2Cl-(向FeI 2溶液中通入少量Cl 2) 3Cl 2 + 2Fe2+ + 4I-== 2Fe3+ + 2I2 + 6Cl- (足量Cl 2) 4Cl 2 + 2Fe2+ + 6I- == 2Fe3+ + 3I2 + 8Cl- (当n(FeI2)/n(Cl2)= 3 :4时) 2+--+2+-3+- 3+-
2Cl + 4H + MnO2== Mn + Cl2↑+ 2H2O
Cl + Ag == AgCl↓
ClO - + H+ == HClO
-+-2-ClO + SO2 +H2O == 2H + Cl + SO4
ClO - + H2
O HClO + OH-
Cu + 2Fe == 2Fe + Cu
3Cu + 2NO3- + 8H+ == 3Cu2+ + 2NO↑+ 4H2O
2+Cu + 2H2
O
2+
2+
2+3+2+2+--+2++ Cu(OH)2 + 2H 2++Cu 2+ + 2NH3.H 2O == Cu(OH)2↓+ 2NH4+ Cu + 4NH3.H 2O == [Cu(NH3) 4] + 4H2O Cu + 2Na + 2H2O == 2Na + Cu(OH)2↓+ H2↑ Cu + H2S == 2H + CuS↓
Cu 2+ + Fe == Cu + Fe2+
Cu 2+ + 2OH- == Cu(OH)2↓
CuO + 2H+ == Cu2+ + H2O
C 6H 5O + H2
O C 6H 5OH + OH
C 6H 5O - + CO2 == C6H 5OH + HCO3-
6C 6H 5OH + Fe 3+ == [Fe(C6H 5O) 6]3-(紫色溶液) + 6H+
CH 3CHO + 2Ag[(NH3) 2] + 2OH
+- ++--CH 3COO + NH4 + 2Ag↓ + 3NH3 + H2O -+
CH 3CHO + 2Cu(OH)
2 CH 3COOH + Cu2O ↓ + 2H2O
2CH 3COOH + CaCO3 == 2CH3COO - + Ca2+ + CO2↑ + H2O
CH 2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Ag[(NH3) 2]+ + 2OH
- CH 2OH(CHOH)4COO - + NH4+ + 2Ag↓ + 3NH3 + H2O CH 2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Cu(OH)
2 CH 2OH(CHOH)4COOH + Cu2O ↓ + 2H2O
5C 2H 4 + 12MnO4- + 36H+ == 12Mn2+ + 10CO2↑ + 28H2O
5C 2O 42- + 2MnO4- + 16H+ == 2Mn2+ + 10CO2↑ + 8H2O
2F 2 + 2H2O == 4HF + O2↑
Fe + 2H+ = Fe2+ + H2↑
Fe + Cu = Fe + Cu
Fe + 2Fe3+ == 3Fe2+
Fe 2+ + 2OH- == Fe(OH)2↓
2Fe 2+ + Cl2 == 2Fe3+ + 2Cl-
2Fe 2+ + Br2 == 2Fe3+ + 2Br-
2Fe 2+ + H2O 2 + 2H+ == 2Fe3+ + 2H2O
3Fe 2+ + NO3- + 4H+ == 3Fe3+ + NO↑ + 2H2O
Fe + S == FeS↓
2Fe 2+ + Cl2 == 2Fe3+ + 2Cl- (向FeBr 2溶液中通入少量Cl 2) 2Fe + 4Br + 3Cl2 == 2Fe + 2Br2 + 6Cl (足量Cl 2) 2Fe 2+ + 2Br- + 2Cl2 == 2Fe3+ + Br2 + 4Cl-( 当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)= 1 :1时) 2+-2+2+2+2- 3+- 6Fe 2+ + 10Br- + 8Cl2 == 6Fe3+ + 5Br2 + 16Cl- (当n(FeBr2)/n(Cl2)= 3 :4时) 2Fe 2+ + 4I- + 3Cl2 == 2Fe3+ + 2I2 + 6Cl- (向FeI 2溶液中足量Cl 2) 2Fe 2+ + 6I- + 4Cl2 == 2Fe3+ + 3I2 + 8Cl- (当n(FeI2)/n(Cl2)= 3 :4时)
Fe + 3OH == Fe(OH)3↓
2Fe 3+ + Cu == 2Fe2+ + Cu2+
3+ 2+2Fe + Fe == 3Fe
Fe 3+ + 3HCO3- == Fe(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
Fe + 3AlO2 + 6H2O == Fe(OH)3↓+ 3Al(OH)3↓
2Fe 3+ + 3CO32- + 3H2O == 2Fe(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
2Fe + H2S == 2Fe + S↓+ 2H
3+2-2+2Fe + S == 2Fe + S↓
2Fe 3+ + 2I- == 2Fe2+ + I2
2Fe + SO2 + 2H2O == 2Fe + SO4 + 4H
Fe + 3SCN == Fe(SCN)3(红色溶液)
Fe + 6C6H 5OH == [Fe(C6H 5O) 6](紫色溶液) + 6H
Fe 3+ + 3H2
O Fe(OH)3(胶体) + 3H+
FeO + 2H+ == Fe2+ + H2O
Fe 2O 3 + 6H+ == Fe3+ + 3H2O
Fe 3O 4 + 8H == Fe + 2Fe + 4H2O
FeS + 2H+ ==Fe2+ + H2S↑
H + + OH- = H2O
2H 2O + 2Na = 2Na +2OH + H2↑
2H 2O + 2Na2O 2 = 4Na+ +4OH- + O2↑
H 2O + Na2O = 2Na +2OH
H 2O + Cl2 == Cl- + H+ + HclO
H 2O 2 + 2I- + 2H+ = I2 + 2H2O
H 2O 2 + 2Fe2+ + 2H+ == 2Fe3+ + 2H2O
5H 2O 2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+ = 2Mn2+ + 5O2↑+ 8H2O
H 2O 2 + Cl2 = 2H+ + 2Cl- + O2↑
H 2O 2 + SO2 == 2H+ + SO42-
+-H 2CO 3
H + HCO3
HCO 3-
H + + CO32-
H 2O + CO3
HCO 3- + H2
O 2-
+-+-+2+3+3+3-+ 3+-3+ 2+2-+ 3+2++3+-3+- HCO 3 + OH
H 2CO 3 + OH- --
HCO 3- + OH- == CO32- + H2O HCO 3- + H+ == CO2↑ + H2O
3HCO 3- + Al3+ == Al(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
3HCO 3- + Fe3+ == Fe(OH)3↓ + 3CO2↑
2HCO 3- + Ca2+ + 2OH- == CaCO3↓+2H 2O + CO32-(向NaHCO 3溶液中加入少量澄清石灰水) HCO 3- + Ca2+ + OH- == CaCO3↓ + H2O (足量澄清石灰水) HCO 3 + Ca + OH == CaCO3↓ + H2O (向Ca(HCO3) 2溶液中加入少量NaOH 溶液) 2HCO 3- + Ca2+ + 2OH- == CaCO3↓+ 2H 2O + CO32- (Ca(HCO3) 2溶液中加入足量NaOH 溶液) HCO 3+ OH == CO3 + H2O (向NH 4HCO 3溶液中加入少量NaOH 溶液)
HCO 3- + NH4+ + 2OH- == CO32- + H2O + NH3.H 2O (向NH 4HCO 3溶液中加入足量NaOH 溶液) 2HCO 3- + SO2 == SO32- + CO2↑ + H2O
HCO 3- + AlO2- + H2O == Al(OH)3↓+ CO32-
H 3PO 4
H + + H2PO 4- - -2--2+-
H 2PO 4
2-
-
H + HPO4 +3-+2-HPO 4 H + PO4
H 3PO 4 + OH- = H2PO 4- + H2O
--2-H 2PO 4 + OH = HPO4 + H2O
HPO 42- + OH- = PO43- + H2O
PO 4 + H2
O
HPO 42- + H2
O
-3- HPO 4 + OH H 2PO 4- + OH- -2--H 2PO 4 + H2
O H 3PO 4 + OH
+3-2-H + PO4 = HPO4
H + + HPO42-= H2PO 4-
H + H2PO 4 = H3PO 4
H 2
S
-
+- H + HS +2-+-HS H + S
H + + S2- = HS-
H + + HS- = H2S
H 2O + S2-
HS - + OH -
HS + H2
O H 2S + OH
H 2S + OH- == HS- + H2O
HS - + OH- == S2- + H2O
H 2S + Cl2 == 2Cl + 2H + S↓
2H 2S + SO2 == 3S↓ + 2H2O
2H 2S + O2 == 2S↓ + 2H2O
H 2S + Cu2+ == 2H+ + CuS↓
H 2S + (CH3COO) 2Pb== PbS↓ + 2CH3COOH
H 2S + 2OH- == S2- + 2H2O
3HS - + Al3+ + 3H2O == Al(OH)3↓ + 3H2S↑
H 2SO 3
H + + HSO3-
HSO 3-
H + + SO32-
--HSO 3 + H2
O H 2SO 3 + OH
HSO 3- + OH- == SO32- + H2O
HSO 3 + H == SO2↑ + H2O
H 2SO 3 + Cl2 + H2O == 2Cl- + SO42- + 4H+
2I - + 2Fe3+ == 2Fe2+ + I2
2I - + Cl2 == 2Cl- + I2
2I - + Br2 == 2Br- + I2
I - + Ag+ = AgI↓
2I - + H2O 2 + 2H+ = I2 + 2H2O
2Li + 2H2O == 2Li + 2OH + H2↑
Mg + 2H+ == Mg2+ + H2↑
Mg + 2OH = Mg(OH)2↓
Mg 2+ + CO32- = MgCO3↓
MgCO 3 + 2H+ = Mg2+ + CO2↑+ H2O
MgO + 2H+ == Mg2+ + H2O
Mg(OH)2 + 2H+ = Mg2+ + 2H2O 2+-+--+-+--
MnO 2 + 2Cl + 4H == Mn + Cl2↑+ 2H2O
MnO 4 + 5Fe + 8H == 5Fe + Mn 4H2O
2KMnO 4- + 5H2O 2 + 6H+ == 2Mn2+ + 5O2↑ + 8H2O
-+2+12MnO 4 + 5C2H 4 + 36H == 12Mn + 10CO2↑ + 28H2O
2MnO 4- + 5C2O 42- + 16H+ == 2Mn2+ + 10CO2↑ + 8H2O
2Na + 2H2O == 2Na + 2OH + H2↑
2Na + Cu2+ + 2H2O == 2Na+ + Cu(OH)2↓+ H2↑
NH 4 + H2
O NH 3.H 2O + H
+2-2NH 4 + SiO3 + H2O == H4SiO 4↓ + 2NH3↑
NH 4+ + AlO2- + H2O == Al(OH)3↓ + NH3↑
NH 4 + HCO3+ 2OH == CO3 + H2O + NH3.H 2O (向NH 4HCO 3溶液中加入足量NaOH 溶液) NH 3 + H2
O NH 3.H 2O
+--+2+-2++3+2++-+++- -2-NH 3.H 2
O NH 4 + OH
NH 3.H 2O + Ag+ == AgOH↓+ NH4+ ;2AgOH == Ag2O + H2O (AgNO3溶液中加入少量氨水) 2NH 3.H 2O + Ag+ == [Ag(NH3) 2]+ + H2O (足量氨水) : 2NH 3.H 2O + Cu2+ == Cu(OH)2↓+ 2NH4+ (向CuSO 4溶液中加入少量氨水) :
4NH 3.H 2O + Cu == [Cu(NH3) 4] + 4H2O (足量氨水) : 2NH 3.H 2O + Zn2+ == Zn(OH)2↓+ 2NH4+ (向ZnCl 2溶液中加入少量氨水)
4NH 3.H 2O + Zn2+ == [Zn(NH3) 4]2+ + 4H2O ( 足量氨水) : 3NH 3.H 2O + Al == Al(OH)3↓+ 3NH4
NO 3- + 3Fe2+ + 4H+ == 3Fe3+ + NO↑ + 2H2O
2NO 3 + 3SO2 + 2H2O == 3SO4 + 2NO↑ + 4H
2NO 3- + 3Cu + 8H+ == 3Cu2+ + 2NO↑+ 4H2O
OH - + H+ = H2O
OH - + CO2 == HCO3-
O 2 + 2H2S == 2S↓+ 2H2O
O 2 + 2S2- + 4H+ = S↓+ 2H2O
O 2 + 2HS- + 2H+ = S↓+ 2H2O
2++3+O 2 + 4Fe + 4H = Fe + 2H2O
3O 2 + 12Fe2+ + 6H2O = 8Fe3+ + 4Fe(OH)3↓
O 2 + 2SO3 == 2SO4
O 3 + 2I- + 2H+ == I2 + O2 + H2O
PO 43- + 3Ag+ = Ag3PO 4↓
2PO 43- + 3Ca2+ = Ca3(PO4) 2↓
PO 43- + H+ = HPO42-
PO 43- + 2H+ = H2PO 4-
PO 43- + 3H+ = H3PO 4
Pb + SO4 = PbSO4↓
Pb 2+ + S2- = PbS↓
PbO 2 + 2Cl + 4H == Pb + Cl2↑+ 2H2O
(CH3COO) 2Pb + H2S== PbS↓ + 2CH3COOH
3S + 6OH- = 2S2- + SO32- + 3H2O
S 2- + H2
O HS - + OH-
3S 2- + 2Al3+ + 6H2O == 2Al(OH)3↓ + 3H2S↑ -+2+2+2-2-2--2+2+3++ 2-+
S + 2Fe == 2Fe + S↓
SO 2 + Ca + 2ClO + H2O == CaSO4↓ + HClO + H + Cl (少量SO 2)
2SO 2 + Ca2+ + 2ClO- + 4H2O ==CaSO4↓ + 2Cl- + 4H+ + SO42- (足量SO 2)
3+ 2+2-+SO 2 + 2Fe+ 2H2O == 2Fe + SO4 + 4H
SO 2 + 2HCO3- == SO32- + CO2↑ + H2O
SO 2 + 2OH == SO3 + H2O
SO 2 + OH- == HSO3-
SO 2 + Br2 + 2H2O == 2Br + 2H + SO4
-+2-SO 2 + I2 + 2H2O == 2I + 2H + SO4
SO 2 + H2O 2 == 2H+ + SO42-
3SO 2 + 2NO3 + 2H2O == 3SO4 + 2NO↑ + 4H
SO 2 + ClO + H2O == 2H + Cl + SO4
SO 2 + 2H2S == 3S↓ + 2H2O
SO 2 + H2
O H 2SO 3
5SO 2 + 2MnO4- + 2H2O == 2Mn2+ + 5SO42- + 4H+
SO 32- + 2H+ == SO2↑+ H2O
SO 3 + H2
O HSO 3 + OH
SO 42- + Ba2+ == BaSO4↓
SO 42- + 2H+ + Ba2+ + 2OH- == BaSO4↓+ 2H 2O ( NaHSO 4溶液中加Ba(OH)2,使溶液呈中性) SO 4 + H + Ba + OH== BaSO4↓+ H2O (NaHSO 4溶液中加Ba(OH)2,使Ba 全部沉淀) S 2O 32- + 2H+ == S↓ + SO2↑ + H2O
Si + 2OH + H2O == SiO3 + 2H2↑
SiO 2 + 2OH- == SiO32- + H2O
SiO 32- + 2NH4+ + H2O == H4SiO 4↓ + 2NH3↑
SiO 32- + CO2 + 2H2O == H4SiO 4↓+ CO32-
SiO 32- + 2H+ + H2O == H4SiO 4↓
3SiO 32- + 2Fe3+ == Fe2(SiO3) 2↓
3SiO 32- + 2Al3+ == Al2(SiO3) 2↓
+2+Zn + 2H == Zn + H2↑
Zn + 2Fe3+ == 2Fe2+ + Zn2+ (少量Zn 片) 3Zn + 2Fe == 2Fe + 3Zn (过量Zn 片) 3+2+-2-2-+2+-2+2------2-3+2+2+-+-2--+2- 2-++-2-