总规中土地利用结构调整与农业适宜性评价

Front.Biol.China2008,3(3):360–366DOI10.1007/s11515-008-0040-z

RESEARCHARTICLE

Structureregulationoflanduseandlandscapepatternchangesbasedonmatterelementanalysisinasmallwatershedin

Sichuan,China

JunhuaCHEN1,2,ChanglongMU(*)2,XiumingCHEN2,ChenghuaXIANG2,ChengrongLUO2,HuabaiHAN2,

GuoxianCHEN3,YanjunDU3

1ChengduUniversityofTechnology,Chengdu610059,China2SichuanAcademyofForestry,Chengdu610081,China

3XihuaUniversity,Chengdu611744,China

HigherEducationPressandSpringer-Verlag2008

AbstractTheagriculturallandsuitabilityassessmentbasedonthenaturalcharacteristicsoflandblocksistra-ditionallythebasisforagriculturaland/orlanduseplan-ning.Theassessment,however,isstaticandcannotbeincorporatedwithpotentiallandusechanges.Recently,adynamicapproach,i.e.,matterelementanalysis,hasbeeneffectivelyappliedforlanduseplanning.Inthepre-sentstudy,basedonmatterelementanalysis,weestab-lishedamatterelementanalysismodelforlandusesuitabilityassessmentusingthesuitabilitygradeoflanduse,evaluationindicatorsandtheircharacteristicvaluesasmatterelements,andalsousingsutrafield,controlledfield,weightvalueandcorrelationdegreefromfieldsur-vey,aswellasanexpertsystem.ThismodelwasappliedtothestructureregulationofthelanduseinthesmallYuejiagouwatershedoftheLangzhongMunicipalityinSichuanProvince,China.Resultsshowthatthepropor-tionamongagriculture,forestryandanimalhusbandrytendedtorationalizelanduse.Theeconomicandeco-logicalindicesofthelandswereincreasedfrom1529.8to1719.99andfrom1460.94to1758.21aftertheregu-lation,respectively.Theregulationalsocausedchangesinlandscapepatternsasfollows:Theindicesofdiversityandevennesswereincreasedfrom1.3028to2.0920andfrom0.6108to0.8463,orby60.58%and38.56%,respect-ively.However,theindicesofdominanceandcontagionweredecreasedfrom0.6431to0.2106andfrom0.7467to0.7125,respectively.Thisindicatedthatthelanduseinthesmallwatershedwasrational.Thespatialdistributionofpatchestendedtobeuniform.Thepatchcongregationwasgraduallydispersed.Thisstudyverifiedthatthemat-terelementanalysisapproachcannotonlyovercomethe

TranslatedfromActaEcologicaSinica,2006,26(7):2093–2100[译自:生态学报]

E-mail:[email protected]

factitiousinfluencesandimprovetheprecisionoflandassessment,butalsocanbeusedforthestructureregu-lationofspecificpatches.

Keywordsmatterelementanalysis,landuse,structureregulation,landscapepattern,GIS,smallwatershed

1Introduction

Theagriculturallandsuitabilityassessmentbasedonthenaturalcharacteristicsoflandblocksistheimportantbasisofagriculturaldivisionandoveralllanduseplan-ning.However,theassessmentisstaticanditsconclusionisimpracticalandstiff.Theaimoflanduseplanningistoevaluatethepossibilitiesandprinciplesoflandregulationandconvertinappropriatelandusetoothertargets(Yuanetal.,2002).Thus,thereisacontradictionbetweenthetraditionallandsuitabilityassessmentandtheaimoflanduseplanning.Tomakeanefficientlanduseplan,weputforwardthemulti-uselandsuitabilityassessmentbasedonanewapproach,i.e.,matterelementanalysis.Thismethodisabrand-newmathematicalandphilosophicalapproachtodealingwiththestateconversionofasystem.Itwasestablishedinthe1980sbyaChinesescholar,CaiWen,whowashighlycomplimentedbyHerbertA.Simon,theownerofaNobelPrizeforeconomics.Themethodhasbeenappliedinmeteorologyandtheevaluationoflandqualityinrecentyears(Wangetal.,2002;Xuetal.,1997;MenandLiang,2002;FengandGong,2004;Lietal.,2001;Panetal.,2002).However,ithasnotbeenemployedinlanduseplanningandthestructureregu-lationofagro-forestry.

TakingthetypicalsmallYuejiagouwatershedintheLangzhongMunicipalityofSichuanProvinceasan

Regulationoflanduseandlandscapepatternchangesbasedonmatterelementanalysis361

example,weinvestigatedtheapplicationofmatterele-mentanalysistothelandusesuitabilityassessmentandtothestructureregulationofagro-forestryandanalyzedthechangesinecologicalandeconomicbenefitsandland-scapepatternsaftertheregulation.

2Studyarea

TheYuejiagousmallwatershed(105u529300–105u549230E,31u359000–31u369400N)islocatedintheYakouTownshipoftheLangzhongMunicipality,SichuanProvince,China.BasedontheresultofYuanetal.(2002),thetotalareais3.0km2inthenortheast-southwestdirectionwiththehighestaltitudeof665.6m,thelowestof373.2m,andarelativeheightdifferenceof294.4m.Regardingtheclimate,thesmallwatershedissituatedinatypicalsubtropicalhumidzonewithfourdistinctsea-sonsandrichheat.Itsannualmeantemperatureis16.6uCandtheannualaverageprecipitationis955.8mm.Duetotheunevenspatialandtemporaldistributionofrainfalls,windyweatherandhighevaporation,aswellaspoorwaterconservancyfacilities,thesmallwatershedisundervaryingdegreesofdroughtstresseachyear.Purplesandsoilisthetypicalsoilwhichisshallowandinfertile.Thepurecypressoralder-cypressplantationsarethedom-inantvegetationthere.

ThelanduseinthesmallYuejiagouwatershedbeforetheregulation(Table1)wasirrational.Theagriculturallandaccountedfor57.56%,ofwhichdrylandoccupied36.18%andpaddyland(14.86%)wasrelativelysmall.Althoughtheproportionofforestrylandwashigh(41.27%),thestructureoftheforestcategorieswasnotreasonable.Fuelwoodaccountedfor38.26%,whilesmallcommercialandprotectionforestsonlytookup0.01%and2.99%,respectively.Theareaofwaterbodieswasonly3.31hm2(1.18%).Thus,theproportionamongagri-culture,forestryandanimalhusbandrywasunsatisfact-ory.Meanwhile,theheadwaterwasscarce,resultingin

Table1CurrentlanduseintheYuejiagousmallwatershed(in

1996)

currentlandusearea/hm2percent/%

agriculturalland

paddyland41.714.86dryland

101.5136.18crop-treeintercroppingland18.286.51subtotal

161.557.56forestryland

non-commercialforest––commercialforest

0.040.01protectionandfuelwood107.3738.27forest

protectionandtimberforest8.382.99subtotal

115.2941.09waterbodies

3.311.18grassland––total

280.59

100.00

seriouswatershortageandsoilloss,frequentdisasters,laggingeconomyandlowlivingstandardofthepeople.Tochangethetraditionalfood-centeredagriculturalsystemandimprovethedeterioratingecologicalenvir-onment,constructionofaheadwaterandhigh-yieldingpaddylandandtherestructuringoflanduseandforestcategorieswerethefirstpriorities.Theprinciplesoflanduseoptimizationshouldbeabidedby.Thetargetuseandregulationofforestcategorieshavetobeimplementedinspecificpatches.Therefore,thepatches(totally254patchesinthesmallwatershed)werechosenasthebasicelementfortheregulation.

Method

3.1

Matterelementanalysis

Basedonpreviousstudies(Yuanetal.,2002,Xuetal.,1997;Fu,1995),matterelementanalysiswascarriedoutinthefollowingsteps.3.1.1

Basicconceptsofmatterelementanalysis

ForagivenmatterN,itsvalueforfactorCisv,thesequentialthree-dimensionR5(N,c,v)istakenasthebasicelementtodescribethematter,whichcanbecalledmatterelement.N,Candvarethethreeelementsofthematter.IfthematterNpossessesmultiplefactors,itcanbedescribedbyc1,c2,…,cn,andcorrespondingvaluev1,v2,…,vn,expressedas:

Nc1 R v1 c2v2

R 2 ...... c ...

Where,Risregardedasn-dimensionmatterelement

andcanbemarkedasR5(N,C,V).3.1.2

Matrixofthesutrafieldandcontrolledfield

ForstandardmatterN0,ifv0i5Sa0i,b0iTisthevaluescopeoffactorci,thematterelementmatrixofthesutrafieldcanbeexpressedas:

R N0c1ha01b01i

c0ðN0CV0Þ

2ha02b02i

ð1Þ ......

ha0nb 0n

IfthestandardmatterN0isaddedtomatterelementRpthatcanbeconvertedtostandardmatter,itcanbecalledthematterelementofcontrolledfield.Thus,vpi5Sapi,bpiTisthevaluescopeofthematterelementofcontrolled

362fieldintermsoffactorci,whichisexpandedbycomparingwiththestandard.Thematterelementmatrixofcon-trolledfieldcanberepresentedby:

RpÀNpCVpÁ

Npc1hap1bp1i

c 2hap2bp2i

ð2Þ ......

c n

hapnbpn

Obviously,Sa0i,b0iT,Sapi,bpiT(i51,2,???,n).3.1.3Correlationfunctionandcalculationof

correlationdegree

Whenthevalueofmatterelementexpressedinthecor-relationfunctionisapointontherealaxis,matterelementmeetstherequiredscope.Thequantificationofincom-patiblefactorscanberealizedbecausethecorrelationfunctionofextensionsetcanbeexpressedbyanalgebraicequation.GiventhemoulddefinitionofalimitedintervalX05[a,b]as:

jX0jjbaj

ð3Þ

thedistancefrompointXtointervalX 05[a,b]is:

ðXX 1 0Þ X2ab 1

2bað4ÞThen,thedefinitionofcorrelationfunctionis:

>>>Kðx

X2X0

0>>> ðXX0Þð5Þ

:X2=Xp00Wherer(x,x0)isthedistancefrompointXtointervalX05[a,b];r(x,xp)isthedistancefrompointXtointervalXp5[ap,bp];X,X0andXparethevalueofmatterelementtobeassessed,thevaluescopeofthesutrafieldandthecontrolledfieldofmatterelement,respectively.3.1.4

Standardforassessment

ThenumericalvalueofthecorrelationfunctionK(x)indi-catesthesubordinatedegreethatassessmentelementmeetsacertainstandardscope.WhenK(x)>1.0,theassessmenttargetexceedstheupperlimitofthestandardandthehigherthevalueis,thebiggerthedevelopingpotentialis.When0(K(x)(1.0,theassessmenttargetmeetsthestandardandthehighvaluemeansthedegreeclosetothestandardupperlimit.When21.0(K(x)(0,theassess-menttargetcannotmeetthestandard,butpossessesthepossibilitiesofconvertingtothestandardone.Thehigherthevalueis,theeasiertheconversionis.K(x)(21.0showsthattheassessmentobjectcannotmeettherequirementandhasnopossibilityofconvertingtothestandardone.

JunhuaCHEN,etal.

3.1.5Integratedcorrelationdegreeofmattersand

evaluationofqualitygrades

Kj(Nx),theintegratedcorrelationdegreeofassessmentmattersintermsofgradej,canbeexpressedas:

KXNjðNxÞ

aiKjðxiÞð6Þ

WhereKj(Nx)istheintegratedcorrelationdegreeofassessmentmattersintermsofgradej;Kj(Xi)isthecor-relationdegreeofmatterstobeassessedintermsofeachgrade(j51,2,…,n);aiistheweightcoefficientofeachevaluationindicator.If

Kj0maxÀkjðNxÞÁ

ðj12ÁÁÁnÞð7ÞThen,Nx,thetargettobeassessedbelongstogradej0.3.2Collectionofthebasicdataandtheevaluation

indicatorsoflandscapepatterns

3.2.1Collectionofthebasicdataforlandscapeassessment

Takingthecontourmapasthebenchmark,thescannedmapsoflandusein1996(beforeregulation)and2002(afterregulation),aswellasthedemarcatedmapintherecentcontinuousforestinventory,wereappliedforcal-ibrationandvectorizationinMapinfo6.5andformedthevectordatabaseofallpatchtypes.Basedontheperimeterandareainformationofeachpatch,thestatisticalanalysisandcalculationoflandscapeevaluationindicatorswereperformedbyusingExcel2002.3.2.2

Evaluationindicatorsoflandscapepatterns

Fiveindices,thediversityindex,dominanceindex,evennessindex,fragmentationandcontagionindices,werechosentoevaluatelandscapepatterns(Fu,1995;Zhangetal.,2003;Zhangetal.,2000;FuandChen,2001;Manetal.,2002;WangandYang,2005;Wangetal.,1999;Zhouetal.,1999).

4Results

4.1MatterelementanalysisforlandsuitabilityassessmentintheYuejiagousmallwatershed

4.1.1Selectionandmeasurementofcharacteristicvaluesoflandblock

Accordingtoavailabledata,sevenfactorswereconsideredinlanduseregulationbyconsultingwithrelevantexpertsandtechnicians.Thequantitativefactorswereslopedegree(0u–5u,5u–15u,15u–25u,26u–35uand.35u),stepsoilwidth

Regulationoflanduseandlandscapepatternchangesbasedonmatterelementanalysis363

(0–5m,6–10m,11–20mand.21m),soilthickness(0–30m,31–80mand.80m)andsoilthicknessoftheAlayer(0–5m,5–10mand.10m).Thequalitativefactorsincludeslopeposition(ridge,upperslope,middleslope,lowerslopeandbottom),headwater(non-irrigated,storedwater,poweredirrigation,self-irrigation),andtraffic(noroad,path,tractor’sroad,townroad,countyroad).4.1.2Matterelementmodelforlandusesuitabilityassessment

AspecialvectormapoflanduseinthesmallYuejiagouwatershedwasestablishedinMapinfo6.5byextractionofthespatialdataofcurrentland.Theexpressionofmatterelementwasobtainedbasedontheformula(1)andthefieldsurveyinMay2001inthewatershed.Forexample,theexpressionforNo.10blockis:

10slopegrade12

slopepositionupper

stepsoilwidth15

Rno:10block soilthickness40 soilthicknessofAlayer8

headwaternonÀirrigated

traffictractor0sroad 4.1.3Sutrafieldandcontrolledfieldofeach

characteristicvalue

ForlandN,ifthecharacteristicvalueoffactorCfluctu-ateswithinthelimitedscopeV0,thereisnochangeinthe

Table2

typei

ABCABCABCABCABCABCABC

land’sfundamentalcharacter.IfthevalueexceedsthescopeV0,thefundamentalcharacterofthelandwillchange.Thelimitedscopeiscalledland’scontrolledfieldJ.Intermsoflandstructureregulation,thesuitabilitycanbeclassifiedintothreegrades,optimumsuitable,second-arysuitableandunsuitable.Forinstance,forapatchplannedforcultivatedland,thecontrolledfieldoffactorslopeis,5u,5u–15u,15u–25u.Tofacilitatecalculationandunification,astandardizedmethod(theintervalofthecontrolledfieldofeachfactorisdefinedwithin1–100andtheircharacteristicvalueisaninteger)isappliedtogradethecontrolledfieldofvariousfactors.Thus,thedifferenceindimensionsandscalesofvariousfactorscanbeeliminated,andthecomparisonsbetweenfactorscanmakesense.Thesutrafieldcouldbedeterminedbyconsultingwithexpertsandusingavailabledata(seeTable2).4.1.4

Weightvalueofvariousfactors

Therearemanywaystodeterminetheweightsofevalu-ationindicators,suchasPCAandAHP.TheDelphi,combinedwithAHP(Leietal.,1999)wasappliedinthisstudy,andtheweightvaluewasgeneratedbysevenexperts(Table3).

4.1.5Outcomesoflandsuitabilityassessmentbasedonmatterelementanalysis

Onthebasisoftheattributedatabaseoflanduse,coveringthecharacteristicvaluesofthesevenfactors,sutraandcontrolledfield,etc.,thelinkbetweenthetablesofthe

Sutrafieldofvariousfactors

slope80–9960–791–5960–9940–591–3960–9940–591–3940–993–391–240–9920–391–1960–992–391–240–992–391–2

slopeposition

60–9940–591–4060–9920–391–2060–9920–391–201–9960–791–1040–9920–601–1060–9920–601–2010–995–91–4

stepsoilwidth

11–506–101–511–506–101–511–506–101–53–501–31–13–201–31–16–501–51–111–501–101–1

soilthickness81–10031–801–3181–10031–801–3181–10031–801–3131–1005–311–531–1005–311–55–1003–51–35–1003–51–3

soilthicknessofalayer

10–505–101–510–505101–510–505101–55–502–51–25–502–51–22–501–21–22–501–21–2

headwater75–9925741–2450–9925–491–2450–9925–491–2425–495–241–525–495–241–550–9925–241–2450–9925–401–24

traffic40–9920–391–1910–792–91–210–792–91–22–501–21–21–21–21–23–991–21–270–9930–601–29

iii

vii

Note:i:Paddyland;ii:Dryland;iii:Crop-treeintercroppingland;iv:Forestryland;v:Grassland;vi:Waterbodies;vii:Constructionland;A:Optimumsuitable;B:Secondarysuitable;C:Unsuitable.

364

Table3

typeiiiiiiivvvivii

JunhuaCHEN,etal.

Weightvalueofvariousfactors

slope21.010.010.09.09.09.013.0

slopeposition

13.015.015.07.09.07.05.0

stepsoilwidth

15.013.013.03.03.05.07.0

soilthickness

13.019.019.09.07.03.03.0

soilthicknessofalayer

4.09.09.09.07.03.03.0

headwater21.013.013.05.07.021.013.0

traffic3.03.03.01.01.01.05.0

characteristicvalueandspatialdatabaseoflandusewasestablished.Bytakinglandusetypeasakeyfield,thetableofsutrafieldandtableofweightvaluewereassoc-iatedwitheachother.Inordertocalculatetheindicesofeconomicandecologicalbenefits,forestrylandwasfur-therdividedintonon-commercialforestland,commercialforestland,protectionandfuelwoodforestlandandpro-tectionandtimberforestland.Thecorrelationdegreeofeachcharacteristicvaluewascalculatedbyformula5andtheblock’ssuitabilitygradewascalculatedbyformula7.K(Nx)wasappliedtodefinethedegreeofsuitability.TheresultisshowninTable4.

Table4TheareaofeachlandsuitabilityclassinthesmallYuejia-gouwatershed/hm2

typeprimaryuseOptimumsecondaryi–27.5927.59ii0.0413.0326.96iii107.3732.5234.32iv8.3821.3025.04v101.5147.3910.41vi18.2856.547.73vii41.7041.70128.97viii–21.05–ix3.3111.813.60x–7.6615.97total

280.59

Note:i:Non-commercialforest;ii:Commercialforest;iii:Protectionandfuelwoodforest;iv:Protectionandtimberforest;v:Dryland;vi:Crop-treeintercroppingland;vii:Paddyland;viii:Grassland;ix:Waterbodies;x:Constructionland.

4.1.6StructureregulationoflanduseintheYuejiagousmallwatershed

Theassessmentofeachblockprovidesabasisforlanduseplanningandthestructureregulationofforestcategories.Onthebasisofoptimumandsecondarysuitability,foreachblock,fieldempiricaldiagnosisforpossibletransformationoflandusewasconductedbyanexpertpanelconsistingofsevenspecialists.Then,intermsofpossibletransformationcombinationofmatterelement(drylandRcommercialforest,drylandRprotectionforest,drylandRcrop-treeintercroppingland,protectionforestRcommercialforest,protectionforestRprotectionandtimberforest,protectionforestRprotectionandfuelwoodforest,protectionforestRnon-commercialforest),byincorporatingwith

therestructuringobjective(Yuanetal.,2002),(i.e.,ensuringtheself-supplyoffoodaspriority,strengtheninglocaleco-logicalandeconomicbenefits),theoptimalregulationwasachievedusingasuccessiveapproximationobjectiveapproach(Yuanetal.,2002).Theregulationresultindi-catedthattheproportionamongagriculture,forestryandanimalhusbandrybecamemorerational.Theareasforprotectionandfuelwoodforest,anddrylandweresignifi-cantlyreducedby68.04%and68.01%respectively(Table5).Theareasforcommercialforest,paddylandandwaterbodies,however,weresignificantlyincreased,especiallyforcommercialforest.Theincreasingcom-mercialforestcanpromotelocaleconomicdevelopment.Theexpansionofwaterbodiescangreatlymitigatethedroughtandimproveecologicalenvironmenttosomeextent.4.1.7Benefitanalysisforthestructureregulationofland

use

Thelandusevaluesbeforeandafterregulationhavebeencalculatedusingthestatisticalmethodforecologicalandeconomicbenefits(Leietal.,1999;Duetal.,2003).Table6indicatesthatthelandusebenefitwassignifi-cantlyincreasedafterregulation,theindexoftheeco-logicalbenefitwasincreasedfrom1460.94to1758.21,orby20.35%.Theindexofeconomicbenefitwasincreasedfrom1529.8to1719.99,orby12.43%.

4.2AnalysisofchangesinlanduselandscapepatterninthesmallYuejiagouwatershed4.2.1

Spatialdistributionoflandscapepatterns

ThespatialdistributionoflandscapepatternsisshowninTable7.Afterregulation,theindicesofdiversityandevennesswereincreasedfrom1.3028to2.0920,andfrom0.6108to0.8463,orby60.58%and38.56%respectively.Moreover,thedifference(9.15%)betweendiversityandoptimumdiversitywaslowerthanthat(33.05%)beforeregulation.Meanwhile,theindicesofdominanceandcon-tagionwerereducedfrom0.6431to0.2106andfrom0.7467to0.7125,respectively.Thesechangesindicatethatthespatialdistributionofpatchestendedtobeevenandpatchcongregationwasgraduallydispersed.

Regulationoflanduseandlandscapepatternchangesbasedonmatterelementanalysis

Table5

TheresultoflandusestructureregulationandplanninginthesmallYuejiagouwatershed

primaryarea/hm2

–0.04107.378.38101.5118.2841.70–3.31–280.59

plannedarea/hm2

27.5926.9634.3225.0432.4739.0071.703.9410.588.99280.59

primaryrate/%

–0.0138.272.9936.186.5114.86–1.18–100

plannedrate/%

9.839.6112.238.9211.5713.9025.551.403.773.20100

365

landusetypeiiiiiiivvviviiviiiixxtotal

Table6

type

Thelandusevaluebeforeandafterregulation

indexofecologicalbenefitbeforeregulation

afterregulation275.90107.84274.56175.2832.4778.00645.3019.7095.2253.941758.21

indexofeconomicbenefitbeforeregulation–0.20322.1133.52609.06146.25417.00–1.66–1529.8

afterregulation55.18134.80102.96100.16194.82312.00717.007.885.2989.901719.99

increaseofarea(673%)andlowerincreaseofpatchnum-bers(270%).Thefragmentationindexfordrylandwentupfrom0.58to0.62,orby6.9%,indicatingthatcultivatedlandusetendedtobediversified.

iiiiiiivvviviiviiiixxtotal–0.16858.9658.66101.5136.56375.30–29.79–1460.94

5Conclusions

Table7

item

Spatialdistributionoflandscapepatterns

beforeregulation

1.30281.94590.64310.61080.7467

afterregulation

2.09202.30260.21060.84630.7125

diversity(H)

optimumdiversity(Hmax)dominance(D)evenness(E)contagion(C)

4.2.2Analysisoflandscapefragmentation

ThefragmentationindexisshowninTable8.Exceptdryland,thefragmentationindexoflandscapeforotherpatcheswasdecreased.Amongthem,themaximalreduc-tionoccurredinthecommercialforestduetoahigher

Table8

typeiiiiiiivvviviiviiiixx

Fragmentationoflandscape

beforeregulation

–25.000.561.310.584.380.74–3.63–

afterregulation

0.912.000.550.320.621.770.491.271.510.33

(1)Landsuitabilityassessmentisimportantinagricul-turaldevelopmentandlanduseplanning.Previously,someapproaches,suchasintegratedfuzzysettheory,parametricapproach,greyclusteranalysisandsimplelimitationmethod(ChengandLiu,1999)wereoftenappliedinlandsuitabilityassessments.However,eachofthemhassomeshortcomings.Forexample,thescopeofsubordinatefunc-tionintheintegratedfuzzysettheoryisonly[0,1],whichmayresultinthelossofsomevarianceinformation.Besides,thesemethodscontainsomefactitiouselementsthatcanreducetheprecisionofassessment.Incontrast,thecorrelationfunctionofthematterelementanalysissub-ordinates(2‘,+‘),whichgreatlyexpandsitsapplicationscope,canrevealmorevarianceinformation.Basedonmat-terelementanalysis,sutrafield,controlledfieldweightandcorrelationdegreearegeneratedandthematterelementassessmentmodelforlandusesuitabilityisestablishedbytheuseofsuitabilitygrade,evaluationindicatorsandtheircharacteristicvaluesasmatterelements,aswellasbyfielddataandanexpertsystemThisapproachcanovercometheinfluenceoffactitiouselements,andimprovetheaccuracybythequantitativemeasurementofevaluationindicators.Matterelementanalysiscanbeusedtoregulatethelandusestructureofspecificblocksandmakefulluseofpotentiallandproductivity.Inaddition,thematterelementanalysisapproachiseasytocarryoutwhichisadvantageousoverotherplanningmethods(targetorientedplanning,linearplanning,etc)(Huetal.,2005).

(2)Afterregulation,thelanduseinthesmallYuejiagouwatershedtendedtoberational,thepropor-tionamongagriculture,forestryandanimalhusbandrybecamemorereasonableandtheeffectivenessoflandusewasincreasedsignificantly.Theindexofecologicalbenefitwasincreasedfrom1460.94to1758.21,orby

36620.35%;theindexofeconomicbenefitwasincreasedfrom1529.8to1719.99,orby12.43%.

(3)Theregulationbroughtgreatchangesintheland-scapepatterns.Theareasofcommercialforests,andbodiesofwaterwereenhancedsignificantly.Theindicesofdiversityandevennesswereincreasedby60.58%and38.56%,respectively.Theindicesofdominanceandcon-tagion,however,significantlydecreased.Thesechangesindicatethatthespatialdistributionoflandusetendedtobeevenandthepatchcongregationgraduallydis-persed.

Acknowledgements

ThestudywassupportedbytheKeyProjectof

the11th

Five-yearProgramforScienceandTechnologyDevelopmentofChina(No.2006BAD03A0504)andtheKeyProjectof11thFive-yearProgramforScienceandTechnologyDevelopmentofChina(No.2006BAD03A0204).

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