定义：导热系数是指在稳定传热条件下，1m 厚的材料，两侧表面的温差为1度（K, °C ）, 在1小时内，通过1平方米面积传递的热量，单位为瓦/米·度（W/m·K, 此处的K 可用°C 代替）。
导热系数与材料的组成结构、密度、含水率、温度等因素有关。非晶体结构、密度较低的材料，导热系数较小。材料的含水率、温度较低时，导热系数较小。
通常把导热系数较低的材料称为保温材料(我国国家标准规定，凡平均温度不高于350℃时导热系数不大于0.12W/(m·K) 的材料称为保温材料），而把导热系数在0.05瓦/米摄氏度以下的材料称为高效保温材料。
常用材料的导热系数表
表2 窗体材料导热系数
窗框材料 钢材 铝合金 PVC PA 松木 导热系数 58.2 203 0.16 0.23 0.17
表 3 不同玻璃的传热系数
玻璃类型 玻璃结构(m) 传热系数 K-w/(m2-k) 单层玻璃 6.2
双层中空玻璃 5×9×5 3.26 5×12×5 3.11
一层中空玻璃 5×9×5×9×5 2.22 ←-- 5×12×5×12×5 2.08
Lhw-E 中空玻璃 5×12×5 1.71
常用材料导热系数 --深圳智通电子有限公司提供
Metal
Material
Aluminum, 2024, Temper-T3 Aluminum, 2024, Temper-T351 Aluminum, 2024, Temper-T4 Aluminum, 5052, Temper-H32 Aluminum, 5052, Temper-O Aluminum, 6061, Temper-O Aluminum, 6061, Temper-T4 Aluminum, 6061, Temper-T6 Aluminum, 7075, Temper-O Aluminum, 7075, Temper-T6 Aluminum, A356, Temper-T6
Aluminum, Al-Cu, Duralumin, 95%Al-5%Cu Aluminum, Al-Mg-Si, 97%Al-1%Mg-1%Si-1%Mn Aluminum, Al-Si, Alusil, 80%Al-20%Si Aluminum, Al-Si, Silumim, 86.5%Al-1%Cu Aluminum, Pure Beryllium, Pure
Brass, Red, 85%Cu-15%Zn Brass, Yellow, 65%Cu-35%Zn Copper, Alloy, 11000
Copper, Aluminum bronze, 95%Cu-5%Al Copper, Brass, 70%Cu-30%Zn Copper, Bronze, 75%Cu-25%Sn Copper, Constantan, 60%Cu-40%Ni Copper, Drawn Wire
Copper, German silver, 62%Cu-15%Ni-22%Zn Copper, Pure
Copper, Red brass, 85%Cu-9%Sn-6%Zn Gold, Pure
Invar, 64%Fe-35%Ni Iron, Cast Iron, Pure
Iron, Wrought, 0.5%C Kovar, 54%Fe-29%Ni-17%Co Lead, Pure Magnesium, Mg-Al, Electrolytic, 8%Al-2%Zn Magnesium, Pure Molybdenum
Nichrome, 80%Ni-20%Cr Nickel, Ni-Cr, 80%Ni-20%Cr Nickel, Ni-Cr, 90%Ni-10%Cr Nickel, Pure
Conductivity
W/m-C 121 143 121 138 144 180 154 167 130 130 128 164 177 161 137 220 175 151 119 388 83 111 26 22.7 287 24.9 386 61 318 13.8 55 71.8 59 16.3 35 66
171 130 12 12.6 17 99
Density
kg/m 3 2.80E+03 2.80E+03 2.80E+03 2.68E+03 2.69E+03 2.71E+03 2.71E+03 2.71E+03 2.80E+03 2.80E+03 2.76E+03 2.79E+03 2.71E+03 2.63E+03 2.66E+03 2.71E+03 1.85E+03 8.80E+03 8.80E+03 8.93E+03 8.67E+03 8.52E+03 8.67E+03 8.92E+03 8.80E+03 8.62E+03 8.95E+03 8.71E+03 1.89E+04 8.13E+03 7.92E+03 7.90E+03 7.85E+03 8.36E+03 1.14E+04 1.81E+03 1.75E+03 1.02E+04 8.40E+03 8.31E+03 8.67E+03 8.91E+03
Silver, Pure
Solder, Hard, 80%Au-20%Sn Solder, Hard, 88%Au-12%Ge Solder, Hard, 95%Au-3%Si Solder, Soft, 60%Sn-40%Pb Solder, Soft, 63%Sn-37%Pb
Solder, Soft, 92.5%Pb-2.5%Ag-5%In Solder, Soft, 95%Pb-5%Sn Steel, Carbon, 0.5%C Steel, Carbon, 1.0%C Steel, Carbon, 1.5%C Steel, Chrome, Cr0% Steel, Chrome, Cr1% Steel, Chrome, Cr20% Steel, Chrome, Cr5%
Steel, Chrome-Nickel, 15%Cr-10%Ni Steel, Chrome-Nickel, 18%Cr-8%Ni Steel, Chrome-Nickel, 20%Cr-15%Ni Steel, Chrome-Nickel, 25%Cr-20%Ni Steel, Invar, 36%Ni Steel, Nickel, Ni0% Steel, Nickel, Ni20% Steel, Nickel, Ni40% Steel, Nickel, Ni80% Steel, SAE 1010
Steel, SAE 1010, Sheet Steel, Stainless, 316 Steel, Tungsten, W0% Steel, Tungsten, W1% Steel, Tungsten, W10% Steel, Tungsten, W5% Tin, Cast, Hammered Tin, Pure Titanium Tungsten Zinc, Pure
Non-Metal Material
418 57 88 94 50 51 39 32.3 54 43 36 73 61 22 40 19 16.3 15.1 12.8 10.7 73 19 10 35 59 63.9 16.26 73 66 48 54 62.5 64 15.6 180 112.2
Conductivity
W/m-C
1.05E+04 1.50E+04 1.50E+04 1.57E+04 9.29E+03 9.25E+03 1.20E+04 1.10E+04 7.83E+03 7.80E+03 7.75E+03 7.90E+03 7.87E+03 7.69E+03 7.83E+03 7.87E+03 7.82E+03 7.83E+03 7.87E+03 8.14E+03 7.90E+03 7.93E+03 8.17E+03 8.62E+03 7.83E+03 7.83E+03 8.03E+03 7.90E+03 7.91E+03 8.31E+03 8.07E+03 7.35E+03 7.30E+03 4.51E+03 1.94E+04 7.14E+03
Density
kg/m3
ABS-Plastic Acetals Acrylic Alkyds Alumina, 96% Alumina, Pure
Asbestos, Asbestos-sheets Asbestos, Cement
Asbestos, Cement-boards
Asbestos, Corregated, 4plies/in Asbestos, Felt, 20 lam/in Asbestos, Felt, 40 lam/in Asbestos, Loosely-packed Asphalt Bakelite
Balsam wool 2.2lb/ft 3 Beryllia, 99.5% Brick, Building brick Brick, Carborundum brick Brick, Chrome brick Brick, Diatomaceous earth Brick, Face brick Brick, Fireclay Brick, Magnesite Carbon
Cardboard, Celotex Cardboard, Corrugated Cement, Mortar Cement, Portland Concrete, Cinder
Concrete, Stone 1-2-4 mix Cork, Corkboard,10lb/ft 3 Cork, Ground Cork, Regranulated Diamond, Film Diamond, Type IIA Diamond, Type IIB Diatomaceous earth E-Glass Fiber Epoxy, High Fill Epoxy, No Fill Felt, Hair Felt, Wool
Fiber insulating board
0.25 0.3 0.06 0.85 21 37 0.166 2.08 0.74 0.087 0.078 0.057 0.154 0.75 0.19 0.04 197.3 0.69 18.5 2.32 0.24 1.32 1.04 3.81 6.92 0.048 0.064 1.16 0.29 0.76 1.37 0.043 0.043 0.045 700 2.00E+03 1.30E+03 0.061 0.89 2.163 0.207 0.036 0.052 0.048
1.01E+03 1.42E+03 1.19E+03 2.00E+03 3.80E+03 3.90E+03 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data 520 No Data No Data 35 No Data 1.60E+03 No Data 3.00E+03 No Data 2.00E+03 2.00E+03 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data 1.50E+03 No Data 2.10E+03 160 150 80 3.50E+03 No Data No Data 320 2.54E+03 No Data No Data 265 330 240
FR4 Epoxy Glass, 1oz Copper FR4 Epoxy Glass, 2 oz Copper FR4 Epoxy Glass, 4oz Copper FR4 Epoxy Glass, no Copper Glass, Borosilicate Glass, Pyrex Glass, Window
Glass, Wool, 1.5lb/ft 3 Insulex, dry Kapok Kapton
Magnesia, 85% Mica Mylar Nylon
Phenolic, Paper based Phenolic, Plain Plaster, Gypsum Plaster, Metal lath Plaster, Wood lath Plexiglass Polycarbonate
Polyethylene, High density Polyethylene, Low density Polyethylene, Medium density Polystyrene
Polyvinyl chloride Pyrex
Rock wool, 10lb/ft 3 Rock wool, Loosely packed Rubber, Butyl Rubber, Hard Rubber, Silicone Rubber, Soft Sawdust S-Glass Fiber Silica aerogel Silicon, 99.9% Silicone grease Stone, Granite Stone, Limestone Stone, Marble Stone, Sandstone Styrofoam
9.11 17.71 35.15 0.294 1.09 1.02 0.78 0.038 0.064 0.035 0.156 0.067 0.71 0.19 0.242 0.277 0.519 0.48 0.47 0.28 0.19 0.19 0.5 0.35 0.4 0.106 0.16 1.26 0.04 0.067 0.26 0.19 0.19 0.14 0.059 0.9 0.024 150 0.21 2.8 1.3 2.5 1.83 0.035
No Data No Data No Data 1.90E+03 2.20E+03 2.23E+03 2.70E+03 24 No Data No Data No Data 270 No Data No Data 1.10E+03 No Data No Data 1.44E+03 No Data No Data No Data 1.20E+03 950 920 930 No Data No Data No Data 160 64 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data 2.49E+03 140 2.33E+03 No Data 2.64E+03 2.50E+03 2.60E+03 2.20E+03 No Data
Teflon
Wood Shavings
Wood, Cross Grain, Balsa, 8.8lb/ft 3 Wood, Cross Grain, Cypress Wood, Cross Grain, Fir Wood, Cross Grain, Maple Wood, Cross Grain, Oak
Wood, Cross Grain, White pine Wood, Cross Grain, Yellow pine Aluminum-Oxide, Al 2 O 3 , 99.5% Aluminum-Oxide, Al 2 O 3 , 96% Aluminum-Oxide, Al 2 O 3 , 90%
0.22 0.059 0.055 0.097 0.11 0.166 0.166 0.112 0.147 32 21.5 12
No Data No Data 140 460 420 540 540 430 640 No Data No Data No Data
定义：导热系数是指在稳定传热条件下，1m 厚的材料，两侧表面的温差为1度（K, °C ）, 在1小时内，通过1平方米面积传递的热量，单位为瓦/米·度（W/m·K, 此处的K 可用°C 代替）。
导热系数与材料的组成结构、密度、含水率、温度等因素有关。非晶体结构、密度较低的材料，导热系数较小。材料的含水率、温度较低时，导热系数较小。
通常把导热系数较低的材料称为保温材料(我国国家标准规定，凡平均温度不高于350℃时导热系数不大于0.12W/(m·K) 的材料称为保温材料），而把导热系数在0.05瓦/米摄氏度以下的材料称为高效保温材料。
常用材料的导热系数表
表2 窗体材料导热系数
窗框材料 钢材 铝合金 PVC PA 松木 导热系数 58.2 203 0.16 0.23 0.17
表 3 不同玻璃的传热系数
玻璃类型 玻璃结构(m) 传热系数 K-w/(m2-k) 单层玻璃 6.2
双层中空玻璃 5×9×5 3.26 5×12×5 3.11
一层中空玻璃 5×9×5×9×5 2.22 ←-- 5×12×5×12×5 2.08
Lhw-E 中空玻璃 5×12×5 1.71
常用材料导热系数 --深圳智通电子有限公司提供
Metal
Material
Aluminum, 2024, Temper-T3 Aluminum, 2024, Temper-T351 Aluminum, 2024, Temper-T4 Aluminum, 5052, Temper-H32 Aluminum, 5052, Temper-O Aluminum, 6061, Temper-O Aluminum, 6061, Temper-T4 Aluminum, 6061, Temper-T6 Aluminum, 7075, Temper-O Aluminum, 7075, Temper-T6 Aluminum, A356, Temper-T6
Aluminum, Al-Cu, Duralumin, 95%Al-5%Cu Aluminum, Al-Mg-Si, 97%Al-1%Mg-1%Si-1%Mn Aluminum, Al-Si, Alusil, 80%Al-20%Si Aluminum, Al-Si, Silumim, 86.5%Al-1%Cu Aluminum, Pure Beryllium, Pure
Brass, Red, 85%Cu-15%Zn Brass, Yellow, 65%Cu-35%Zn Copper, Alloy, 11000
Copper, Aluminum bronze, 95%Cu-5%Al Copper, Brass, 70%Cu-30%Zn Copper, Bronze, 75%Cu-25%Sn Copper, Constantan, 60%Cu-40%Ni Copper, Drawn Wire
Copper, German silver, 62%Cu-15%Ni-22%Zn Copper, Pure
Copper, Red brass, 85%Cu-9%Sn-6%Zn Gold, Pure
Invar, 64%Fe-35%Ni Iron, Cast Iron, Pure
Iron, Wrought, 0.5%C Kovar, 54%Fe-29%Ni-17%Co Lead, Pure Magnesium, Mg-Al, Electrolytic, 8%Al-2%Zn Magnesium, Pure Molybdenum
Nichrome, 80%Ni-20%Cr Nickel, Ni-Cr, 80%Ni-20%Cr Nickel, Ni-Cr, 90%Ni-10%Cr Nickel, Pure
Conductivity
W/m-C 121 143 121 138 144 180 154 167 130 130 128 164 177 161 137 220 175 151 119 388 83 111 26 22.7 287 24.9 386 61 318 13.8 55 71.8 59 16.3 35 66
171 130 12 12.6 17 99
Density
kg/m 3 2.80E+03 2.80E+03 2.80E+03 2.68E+03 2.69E+03 2.71E+03 2.71E+03 2.71E+03 2.80E+03 2.80E+03 2.76E+03 2.79E+03 2.71E+03 2.63E+03 2.66E+03 2.71E+03 1.85E+03 8.80E+03 8.80E+03 8.93E+03 8.67E+03 8.52E+03 8.67E+03 8.92E+03 8.80E+03 8.62E+03 8.95E+03 8.71E+03 1.89E+04 8.13E+03 7.92E+03 7.90E+03 7.85E+03 8.36E+03 1.14E+04 1.81E+03 1.75E+03 1.02E+04 8.40E+03 8.31E+03 8.67E+03 8.91E+03
Silver, Pure
Solder, Hard, 80%Au-20%Sn Solder, Hard, 88%Au-12%Ge Solder, Hard, 95%Au-3%Si Solder, Soft, 60%Sn-40%Pb Solder, Soft, 63%Sn-37%Pb
Solder, Soft, 92.5%Pb-2.5%Ag-5%In Solder, Soft, 95%Pb-5%Sn Steel, Carbon, 0.5%C Steel, Carbon, 1.0%C Steel, Carbon, 1.5%C Steel, Chrome, Cr0% Steel, Chrome, Cr1% Steel, Chrome, Cr20% Steel, Chrome, Cr5%
Steel, Chrome-Nickel, 15%Cr-10%Ni Steel, Chrome-Nickel, 18%Cr-8%Ni Steel, Chrome-Nickel, 20%Cr-15%Ni Steel, Chrome-Nickel, 25%Cr-20%Ni Steel, Invar, 36%Ni Steel, Nickel, Ni0% Steel, Nickel, Ni20% Steel, Nickel, Ni40% Steel, Nickel, Ni80% Steel, SAE 1010
Steel, SAE 1010, Sheet Steel, Stainless, 316 Steel, Tungsten, W0% Steel, Tungsten, W1% Steel, Tungsten, W10% Steel, Tungsten, W5% Tin, Cast, Hammered Tin, Pure Titanium Tungsten Zinc, Pure
Non-Metal Material
418 57 88 94 50 51 39 32.3 54 43 36 73 61 22 40 19 16.3 15.1 12.8 10.7 73 19 10 35 59 63.9 16.26 73 66 48 54 62.5 64 15.6 180 112.2
Conductivity
W/m-C
1.05E+04 1.50E+04 1.50E+04 1.57E+04 9.29E+03 9.25E+03 1.20E+04 1.10E+04 7.83E+03 7.80E+03 7.75E+03 7.90E+03 7.87E+03 7.69E+03 7.83E+03 7.87E+03 7.82E+03 7.83E+03 7.87E+03 8.14E+03 7.90E+03 7.93E+03 8.17E+03 8.62E+03 7.83E+03 7.83E+03 8.03E+03 7.90E+03 7.91E+03 8.31E+03 8.07E+03 7.35E+03 7.30E+03 4.51E+03 1.94E+04 7.14E+03
Density
kg/m3
ABS-Plastic Acetals Acrylic Alkyds Alumina, 96% Alumina, Pure
Asbestos, Asbestos-sheets Asbestos, Cement
Asbestos, Cement-boards
Asbestos, Corregated, 4plies/in Asbestos, Felt, 20 lam/in Asbestos, Felt, 40 lam/in Asbestos, Loosely-packed Asphalt Bakelite
Balsam wool 2.2lb/ft 3 Beryllia, 99.5% Brick, Building brick Brick, Carborundum brick Brick, Chrome brick Brick, Diatomaceous earth Brick, Face brick Brick, Fireclay Brick, Magnesite Carbon
Cardboard, Celotex Cardboard, Corrugated Cement, Mortar Cement, Portland Concrete, Cinder
Concrete, Stone 1-2-4 mix Cork, Corkboard,10lb/ft 3 Cork, Ground Cork, Regranulated Diamond, Film Diamond, Type IIA Diamond, Type IIB Diatomaceous earth E-Glass Fiber Epoxy, High Fill Epoxy, No Fill Felt, Hair Felt, Wool
Fiber insulating board
0.25 0.3 0.06 0.85 21 37 0.166 2.08 0.74 0.087 0.078 0.057 0.154 0.75 0.19 0.04 197.3 0.69 18.5 2.32 0.24 1.32 1.04 3.81 6.92 0.048 0.064 1.16 0.29 0.76 1.37 0.043 0.043 0.045 700 2.00E+03 1.30E+03 0.061 0.89 2.163 0.207 0.036 0.052 0.048
1.01E+03 1.42E+03 1.19E+03 2.00E+03 3.80E+03 3.90E+03 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data 520 No Data No Data 35 No Data 1.60E+03 No Data 3.00E+03 No Data 2.00E+03 2.00E+03 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data 1.50E+03 No Data 2.10E+03 160 150 80 3.50E+03 No Data No Data 320 2.54E+03 No Data No Data 265 330 240
FR4 Epoxy Glass, 1oz Copper FR4 Epoxy Glass, 2 oz Copper FR4 Epoxy Glass, 4oz Copper FR4 Epoxy Glass, no Copper Glass, Borosilicate Glass, Pyrex Glass, Window
Glass, Wool, 1.5lb/ft 3 Insulex, dry Kapok Kapton
Magnesia, 85% Mica Mylar Nylon
Phenolic, Paper based Phenolic, Plain Plaster, Gypsum Plaster, Metal lath Plaster, Wood lath Plexiglass Polycarbonate
Polyethylene, High density Polyethylene, Low density Polyethylene, Medium density Polystyrene
Polyvinyl chloride Pyrex
Rock wool, 10lb/ft 3 Rock wool, Loosely packed Rubber, Butyl Rubber, Hard Rubber, Silicone Rubber, Soft Sawdust S-Glass Fiber Silica aerogel Silicon, 99.9% Silicone grease Stone, Granite Stone, Limestone Stone, Marble Stone, Sandstone Styrofoam
9.11 17.71 35.15 0.294 1.09 1.02 0.78 0.038 0.064 0.035 0.156 0.067 0.71 0.19 0.242 0.277 0.519 0.48 0.47 0.28 0.19 0.19 0.5 0.35 0.4 0.106 0.16 1.26 0.04 0.067 0.26 0.19 0.19 0.14 0.059 0.9 0.024 150 0.21 2.8 1.3 2.5 1.83 0.035
No Data No Data No Data 1.90E+03 2.20E+03 2.23E+03 2.70E+03 24 No Data No Data No Data 270 No Data No Data 1.10E+03 No Data No Data 1.44E+03 No Data No Data No Data 1.20E+03 950 920 930 No Data No Data No Data 160 64 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data 2.49E+03 140 2.33E+03 No Data 2.64E+03 2.50E+03 2.60E+03 2.20E+03 No Data
Teflon
Wood Shavings
Wood, Cross Grain, Balsa, 8.8lb/ft 3 Wood, Cross Grain, Cypress Wood, Cross Grain, Fir Wood, Cross Grain, Maple Wood, Cross Grain, Oak
Wood, Cross Grain, White pine Wood, Cross Grain, Yellow pine Aluminum-Oxide, Al 2 O 3 , 99.5% Aluminum-Oxide, Al 2 O 3 , 96% Aluminum-Oxide, Al 2 O 3 , 90%
0.22 0.059 0.055 0.097 0.11 0.166 0.166 0.112 0.147 32 21.5 12
No Data No Data 140 460 420 540 540 430 640 No Data No Data No Data