中西方节日的文化差异研究
Cultural Differences in Chinese and Western Festivals
Abstract ： Festivals are precious cultural heritage of different countries, so different festivals can reflect different cultures. This article discusses cultural differences and comparison between someone in Chinese and western festivals, aiming to promote cross-culture communication.
摘要：节日是珍贵的文化遗产的国家不同，所以不同的节日可以反映不同的文化。本文讨论了文化差异和比较在中国和西方国家的节日，旨在促进跨文化交流。 Key words festivals; culture differences; Spring Festival and the Christmas Day; the Pure Brightness Festival and the Halloween; the Chinese Valentine’s Day and the Western Valentine’s Day
关键词 节日；文化差异；春节和圣诞节；清明节与万圣节；中国情人节和西方的情人节
1. Summary
1。总结
Festivals are precious cultural heritage of different countries. That is also the reason why festivals in China and western countries have little in common. As a matter of fact, Chinese and western festivals serve as an intriguing window into their cultural differences. Their different origins and people's different ways to celebrate the festivals all reflect their cultural contrasts.
节日是宝贵的文化遗产，不同的国家。这也是为什么中国的节日和西方国家有共同点。事实上，中国和西方节日作为一个有趣的窗口，他们的文化差异。其不同的起源和人的不同的方式庆祝节日都反映他们的文化对比。
First of all, the naming and the origins of Chinese and western festivals are an indication of their totally different traditions. In China, many of our festivals are connected with seasons which have great influence on agriculture. New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Duanwu Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang Festival and Winter Solstice Festival are all examples. Take Duanwu Festival, for instance. Except for the explanations to honor the great poet Quyuan, many folk scholars believe that it originated from summer solstice and people's worship of dragons. In the fifth lunar month, crops begin to grow quickly. Obviously water is vitally important to agricultural production. While in ancient China, dragon was believed to be the god in charge of water. On the day of the festival, people raced dragon boats to please the god and
offer him Zongzi. In this way, they pray for favorable weather for agriculture. As regards Chongyang Festival which falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, it is in the golden harvest season. All people are in great enjoyment of the exciting harvest. So we can see China has been a big country of
agriculture since along time ago, and Chinese people tend to attach great importance to agriculture. Now let's see the origins of the western festivals. More often than not, we find the appearance of religion, especially Christianity. There are New Year's Day, Epiphany, Saint Patrick's Day, Good Friday, Easter, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas. They are all connected with religion. Good Friday is the anniversary of the crucifixion of Jesus, Easter is to commemorate Jesus’ resurrection and Christmas is the birthday of Jesus Christ. We can see western festivals are covered with a strong color of religion.
首先，命名和起源的中国和西方节日显示它们完全不同的传统。在中国，我们的许多节日都与季节有很大影响，农业。元旦，春节，清明节，端午节，中秋节，崇阳音乐节和冬至节都是例子。以端午节，例如。除了解释，是为了纪念伟大的诗人屈原，许多民俗学者认为它起源于夏至和人们的崇拜龙。在农历第五个月，庄稼开始生长迅速。显然，水是非常重要的农业生产。而在古代中国，龙被认为是神掌管水。节日那天，人们跑龙艇取悦上帝和他提供的粽子。在这方面，他们祈求风调雨顺，农业。至于崇阳音乐节上，第九天的农历正月第九，它是在丰收的季节。所有人都在享受令人兴奋的收获。所以我们可以看到中国是一个农业大国由于在很久以前，中国人往往注重农业。现在让我们看看起源的西方节日。往往，我们发现的外观宗教，特别是基督教。在新年的第一天，顿悟，圣帕特里克节，星期五，复活节，感恩节和圣诞节。它们全部都是与宗教。星期五是纪念耶稣受难，复活节是纪念耶稣的复活和圣诞节是耶稣的生日。我们可以看到西方节日都与宗教色彩浓厚的。
What's more, people's different ways to celebrate the festivals embody their different values. In China, we pursue health, union, and harmony. Food is a main subject for the celebration. In Spring Festival, we have dumplings, noodles, New Year cakes, etc. Noodles symbolize longevity, while the New Year cakes pronounce “niangao” in Chinese, which means life will become better and better year by year. Family reunion dinner is of cause in
dispensable. We also eat moon cakes in Mid-autumn Day and Laba Porridge in Laba festival. We Chinese try to make our life more harmonious. However, for westerners the way of celebration is different. They never like to stay at home. Instead, they choose to go out and have fun. April Fools’ Day is a festival for playing tricks and it brings great fun. Activities to celebrate the Independence Day are colorful and exciting, including picnics, playing fireworks and parades. For them, to realize individual value is the most
important. They like to express their own feelings freely. For example, Saint Valentine’s Day is a good chance for westerners to express their romantic love. Compared with this, Chinese people are more confined to the old tradition. On Double-Seventh Day which can be called “Chinese Valentine’s Day”, people just can recall the stories of Niulang and Zhinu then do nothing.
更重要的是，人们用不同的方式庆祝节日的不同价值观的体现。在中国，我们追求健康，和谐，和。食物是一大主题为庆祝。在春节，我们吃饺子，面条，年糕，等面条象征着长寿，而新年蛋糕发音为“年糕”在中国，这意味着生活将变得更好，一年比一年好。团圆饭是可有可无的原因。我们还吃月饼在中秋节、腊八粥在腊八节。我们努力使我们的生活更和谐。然而，对于西方人的庆祝方式是不同的。他们不喜欢呆在家。相反，他们选择出去玩。四月的愚人节是一个节日，玩把戏和带来极大的乐趣。活动庆祝独立日是多姿多彩，令人兴奋的，包括野餐，放烟花，游行。对他们来说，实现个人价值是最重要的。他们喜欢表达自己的感情自由。例如，情人节是一个很好的机会，西方人表达他们的浪漫爱情。与此相比，中国人更局限于旧传统。在中国情人节，被称为“中国的情人节”，人们只记得故事的牛郎和织女便做什么。
To sum up, Chinese and western festivals are a window into their different cultures, including their tradition, their belief and their value. To learn different festivals is to promote cross culture communication. We should know the origins and people’s ways of celebration to understand the different cultures. Thus communication between China and Western countries will be much easier.
综上所述，中国和西方的节日是一个窗口，其不同的文化，包括他们的传统，他们的信仰和价值。学习不同的节日是促进跨文化交际。我们应该知道的起源和人们的庆祝方式，了解不同的文化。因此，沟通中国与西方国家将容易得多。
2. Comparative study on some important festivals between China and western countries
2。比较研究的一些重要的节日，在中国和西方国家
Festival culture is very profound. The festival customs in dissimilar countries are established by usage, with the own distinct national feature and rich presentation forms, but they in filtrate to each other. This and the western
countries: Spring Festival and the Christmas Day, the Pure Brightness Festival and the Halloween, the Chinese Valentine’s Day and the Western Valentine’s Day.
节日文化博大精深。各国的节日风俗是约定俗成的，有着各自鲜明的民族特色和丰富的表现形式，但他们在滤液对方。这与西方国家：春节和圣诞节，清明节与万圣节，中国情人节和西方的情人节。
Spring Festival and the Christmas Day
春节和圣诞节
In China, as spring is the most beautiful season and all creatures on earth begin to grow, flowers are blooming in a riot of color; seeds sprout everywhere,
it is vitally important to celebrate the coming of the spring. As the beginning of a year, December 23rd in lunar year is the prelude to Spring Festival. On that day, all families without exception will worship the god of the kitchen and
started to busily prepared for the New Year’s coming. In addition, according to the traditional habits, Chinese people will also make a thorough cleanup, which is also called spring-cleaning, to show their desire to sweep “the old and bad things” out of their house, ring out the Old Year and ring in the New Year. After this work, every house along the street has a bright and new look. With
paper-cuts on the windows, couplets on the wall and red lanterns in front of the door, it looks really brilliant and full of happiness. The New Year’s Eve is the last day of December in lunar year. At that night, all members in a family will get together to enjoy the “family reunion dinner”, implied meaning lucky and harmony. When having dinner, everyone should only talking about things happy and good, avoid referring to death, disease or something bad. What’s more, family members will not sleep until the dawn of the New Year’s Day. Instead, they will chat, watching TV and having snacks such as melon seeds, orange, and peanuts. The most exciting moment is when the New Year’s Bell rang. It seems as if all the firecrackers around the world are set off with only one second. The sound of firecrackers will not stop until the dawn, and the new upsurge will begin at that time, when every family open the door and begin to visit their relatives. The carnival will continue to January 15th in lunar year. 在中国，春天是最美丽的季节，所有地球上的生物开始生长，鲜花盛开，万紫千红；种子发芽无处不在，它是非常重要的庆祝春天的到来。作为一年的开始，在农历十二月二十三日是一年的春节序曲。在这一天，家家户户要敬拜上帝的厨房，开始忙着准备新年的到来。此外，按照传统习惯，中国人也将进行彻底清理，也就是所谓的大扫除，显示他们的愿望，刮起“老坏东西”的房子，旧环一年，在新的一年。在此之后的工作，每一个房子在街上有一个光明的新面貌。窗花的窗户，墙壁上的对联和红灯笼在门前，它看起来很辉煌，充满幸福。元旦前夕是十二月的最后一天在农历新年。当晚，所有成员在家庭会一起吃“团圆饭”，寓意吉祥、和谐。吃晚饭的时候，每个人都应该只谈论的东西，幸福和美好，避免涉及死亡，疾病或坏的东西。更重要的是，家庭成员都会不睡觉直到新年的曙光的一天。相反，他们会聊天，看电视、吃零食如瓜子，橙色，和花生。最激动的时刻是当新年的钟声响起。看起来都是鞭炮在世界各地掀起了只有一次。鞭炮的声音不会停止，直到黎明，和新的高潮，将开始在那个时候，当每个家庭打开门，开始拜访他们的亲戚。狂欢节将继续在农历一月十五日的一年。
In western countries, a similar festival is the Christmas Day which actually begins in December 12th and ends in January 6th in the next year. Like Chinese New Year, it is also a period rather than only one day, which is familiar to us all – December 25th. As the birthday of Jesus Christ, the
Christmas Day is with no doubt the most vitally day all over the year. And as we all know, most western people are Christian. Red, green and white are regarded as the luckiest colors in Christmas Day, as they stand for the
Christmas candle, Christmas tree and pure snow. People decorate a kind of
evergreen tree with all kinds and colors of lights, balloons, gifts, paper flowers and so on, all filled with a festival atmosphere. Santa Claus is the most famous figure in western festival. All children believe that they will receive a brilliant gift from Santa Claus, and as they growing up, they will gradually know that their Santa Claus is a figure in human’s imagination. But who care? The most
important thing is they get pleasure and own a happy childhood full of imagine. Just like Chinese spring-dinner, western people value the reunion of the whole family. They having dinner together beside the Christmas tree and enjoy themselves in playing until late at night. It is worth mentioning that the most popular songs during this period are “Silent Night”, “Jingle Bells”.
在西方国家，一个类似的节日是圣诞节实际上开始于十二月十二日，结束于一月六日在接下来的一年。中国新年，这也是一个时期，而不是只有一天，这是我们大家所熟悉的–十二月二十五日。为耶稣基督的生日，圣诞节是毫无疑问最至关重要的一天所有的一年。正如我们都知道，西方大多数人是基督徒。红色，绿色和白色被认为是幸运的颜色在圣诞节，因为他们的立场为圣诞蜡烛，圣诞树与雪。装饰是一种常绿树种和各种颜色的光，气球，礼品，鲜花等，都充满了节日的气氛。圣克劳斯是最著名的人物，西方节日。所有的孩子们相信他们会收到一个精彩的礼物从圣克劳斯，当他们长大，他们会逐渐知道他们的圣克劳斯是一个在人类的想象力。但是谁在乎呢？最重要的是他们得到快乐和拥有一个幸福快乐的童年充满想象。就像中国spring-dinner，西部人价值阖家团圆。他们一起吃饭的圣诞树旁，享受自己在玩到深夜。值得一提的是，在这一时期最流行的歌曲是《平安夜》，《铃儿响叮当》。
Spring Festival and the Christmas Day all show the happy and harmonious atmosphere established in family reunion. By contrast, Chinese people prefer to express their affection and homesick, while western people are more likely to pray for the gift of God.
春节和圣诞节都快乐、和谐的氛围，建立在家庭聚会。相反，中国人喜欢表达自己的感情和思乡，而西方的人更可能祈祷上帝的礼物。
The Pure Brightness Festival and the Halloween
清明节与万圣节
Pure Brightness here means clear and clean. Pure Brightness Festival is from Chinese lunar calendar. It is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed. In Pure Brightness Festival, it’s a custom to visit one’s ancestor’s grave and sweep their tomb. Therefore, Pure Brightness Festival is also called Tomb-sweeping Day. The reason why Chinese people choose this day for honoring their ancestors may be that this day is the beginning of spring and ending of winter, all creatures begin to grow and people believe that their ancestors will obtain their new lives this day. They will look over the tomb carefully and make sure that there is no damage or corrosion. Then they will
busting some paper-money, paper-flowers or some other things all made of paper, which is regarded as necessity for the dead people’s everyday use. Celebrate this Festival is important to all of us, but burning paper is not the only way. Beyond that, going for an excursion and fling kites. Sobriety is one of the Ghost Festival, demons; nature is capable of warding off evil into willow.
清明是明确和清洁。清明节是中国的农历。这是一个时间记住死者和代价离开。在清明节，这是一个自定义访问自己的祖先的坟墓和坟墓。因此，清明节又称清明节。中国人之所以选择这一天为纪念他们的祖先可能是因为这一天是春天的开始和结束的冬天，所有的动物开始成长，人们相信他们的祖先将获得他们的新生活，这一天。他们会在墓，是否有损坏或腐蚀。然后他们会破坏一些纸币，paper-flowers或其他一些东西由纸制成的，这被视为必要的死去的人的日常使用。庆祝这个节日对我们是很重要的，但燃烧纸不是唯一的方法。除此之外，去远足和放纵的风筝。清明是鬼节之一，魔鬼；自然是能抵挡邪恶到柳树。
Chinese Pure Brightness Festival has the great value of commemoration and show the “Immortality of Soul” theory in the traditional Chinese thinking modes. Life-sustaining is not confines in biological process, but in the continuation of Chinese culture. It exists in the concept inherited from one generation to the next and is reverted by the whole Chinese nation.
中国清明节具有重大价值的纪念和展示的“灵魂不朽”理论在中国传统思维方式。生命是不局限于生物过程，但在中国文化的传承。它存在的概念遗传到下一代的，是恢复整个中华民族。
Relatively, the western “Ghost Festival” is the Halloween. Children dress up in costumes at night on Halloween and play pumpkin lanterns-pumpkins are a traditional part of the celebration, all people have parties and play games. Young person get together, wearing interesting costumes and all kinds of masks, visiting every house along the street and asking for sweets. It is said that ghosts will also visit the human world at night on Halloween and living person should try their best to treat them with warmth. The fire and pumpkin lantern are used to frighten the ghost and lead them back. On that day, people could do everything or make joke or trouble as they like and never mind other’s resentment, because everyone does as well. All people are happy and enjoy themselves in the harmony with the Nature.
相对的，西方“鬼节”是万圣节。晚上孩子们盛装打扮的万圣节，南瓜
lanterns-pumpkins是传统的庆祝活动的一部分，所有人都有人玩游戏。年轻人走到一起，戴着有趣的服饰和各种面具，来访的每一个房子沿着大街和要求糖果。据说鬼魂还将访问人类世界万圣节前夕晚上和生活的人应该尽力对待他们的温暖。火和南瓜灯是用来吓唬鬼魂，带领他们回来。在这一天，人们可以做任何事或笑话或麻烦，因为他们喜欢和不介意别人的怨恨，因为每个人都一样。所有的人都幸福和享受自己在与自然和谐。
The Chinese Valentine’s Day and the Western Valentine’s Day
中国情人节和西方的情人节
Love is the permanent topic of human society. In china, people celebrate Chinese Valentine’s Day, which has a long history. It is also called “Qixi Festival” or “Double Seventh Festival”, as the date is July 7th in lunar year. How did the festival get its name? It is said that, once upon a time, there was a cowboy called “Niulang” and a fairy called “Zhinu” who fell in love with each other. However, their love was not allowed by others just because a fairy couldn’t love a human being. As a result, Zhinu was forced to go back to the Heaven and not allowed to meet Niulang any other time beside the Double Seventh Day. It usually rains more or less on this evening of the year, after being separated on either side of the Milky Way as a punishment by the Lord of Heaven. The Chinese Valentines Day is comparably more romantic yet heartrending, because this is the only time of year when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl (Zhinu) meet each other cross the Milky Way. Luckily，their true love moved the magpie, which was regarded as a lucky bird in China. These helpful birds consist a bridge over the Milky Way and the lovers could met each other at that day. On this day, people will looked up towards the sky to look for the Milky Way, the stars stand for the couple and pray for their love. Young girls will pray for ingenuity by making some hand-made little bag and hope for a happy ending.
爱是人类社会的永恒主题。在中国，人们庆祝中国情人节，有着悠久的历史。它也被称为“七夕节”或“双第七节”的日期是七月七日，在农历新年。节的名字是如何得来的？据说，很久以前，有一个牧童称为“牛郎”和仙女叫“织女”谁爱上了对方。然而，他们的爱情是不被允许的人仅仅因为一个仙女不能爱一个人。因此，他们被迫回到天堂，不可以见牛郎其他任何时间在双第七天。它经常下雨或多或少在这个晚上的一年后，被分开两边的银河作为惩罚天上的主。中国情人节是相对比较浪漫而令人心痛，因为这是一年中唯一一次的牛郎和织女（织女）越过银河相会。幸运的是，他们的真正的爱情感动了喜鹊，这被视为吉祥鸟在中国。这些有益的鸟类包括桥在银河系和爱好者可以见面的那天。在这一天，人们会抬头向天空寻找银河的星星的夫妇，并为自己祈祷爱。年轻的女孩要祈求智慧使一些手工制作的小袋子和希望有一个快乐的结局。
The Western Valentine’s Day is February 14th, which originated in the ancient Rome. The third century AD, ancient Rome, there was a tyrant called Claudius Meadows. Ancient Rome has been continuous war, more than a tyrant Crowe recruited a large number of Sri Lankan citizens to the battlefield, complaints were heard everywhere. Crowe Meadows fly into a rage, he was not allowed to transmit orders to hold a wedding, not even all at once to be engaged in also to the dissolution of marriage. A boy called Valentinus performed secret
weddings after Claudius banned marriage to prevent soldiers from deserting his armies. His action was heard by Crowe Meadows and Valentinus was
arrested and put into prison. The boy was tortured and finally put to death. His friends buried him in great sorrow on February 14th. When they think of Emperor Claudius, they remember how he tried to stand in the way of love, and they laugh-because they know that love can't be beaten! And now the Western Valentine’s Day has become a day for lovers who have a strong will of love. On that day, lovers give gifts to each other, young boys will choose roses and girls chocolates. You could see sweet and happy lovers everywhere in the street.
西方情人节是二月十四日，它起源于古罗马。公元第三世纪，古罗马，有一个叫克劳狄斯草地暴君。古代罗马一直持续的战争，更比一个暴君克劳多斯征召了大批公民前往战场，投诉人。克罗多斯暴跳如雷，不允许他传令举行婚礼，甚至没有一次全部从事对婚姻的解除。一个叫他进行秘密婚礼后，克劳迪斯禁婚防止士兵放弃他的军队。他的行动是由克洛听到草地和他被捕入狱。这个男孩被折磨，最后处死。他的朋友把他埋在悲伤的二月十四日。当他们觉得皇帝克劳狄斯，他们还记得他如何试图站在爱情的路上，他们laugh-because他们知道爱情不能被打败！现在西方情人节已成为一个情人谁有坚强意志的爱。那天，情侣互赠礼物，年轻的男孩女孩会选择玫瑰和巧克力。你可以看到甜蜜幸福的爱好者都在大街上。
3. Conclusion
3。结论
The differences of the origins and evolutions are clarified about the Chinese and western traditional festivals, and the cultural differences are compared between China and western countries. It is believed that most of western
traditional festivals are based on religionary culture especially the Christianism culture, which has stronger general applicability and cross-cultural naturalizing ability; while Chinese traditional festivals mainly originated from calendarian time and solar term, which have very strong secularity and pantheism. These kinds of originating and developing differences become the barriers to cross-cultural intercommunion and naturalization of traditional festivals, especially for Chinese traditional festivals to naturalize across cultures to western countries. In order to endow Chinese traditional festivals with
cross-cultural radiating catholicity, reconstruction of it with the era must be carried out, including the reconstruction of social soil it rooted, and brand-new historical meanings should be endued to traditional culture.
不同的起源和演化的澄清关于中西传统节日的文化差异，并比较了中国和西方国家。据认为，大多数西方传统节日是基于宗教文化特别是基督教文化，具有较强的通用性和跨文化化的能力；而中国的传统节日主要源于日历的时间和节气，具有很强的世俗主义和泛神论。这类的起源和发展的差异成为跨文化交流障碍和归化的传统节日，特别是对中国传统节日文化归化在西方国家。为了使中国传统节
日文化辐射的普遍性，重建它的时代必须进行，包括重建社会的土壤中扎根，和全新的历史意义应该被赋予传统文化。
中西方节日的文化差异研究
Cultural Differences in Chinese and Western Festivals
Abstract ： Festivals are precious cultural heritage of different countries, so different festivals can reflect different cultures. This article discusses cultural differences and comparison between someone in Chinese and western festivals, aiming to promote cross-culture communication.
摘要：节日是珍贵的文化遗产的国家不同，所以不同的节日可以反映不同的文化。本文讨论了文化差异和比较在中国和西方国家的节日，旨在促进跨文化交流。 Key words festivals; culture differences; Spring Festival and the Christmas Day; the Pure Brightness Festival and the Halloween; the Chinese Valentine’s Day and the Western Valentine’s Day
关键词 节日；文化差异；春节和圣诞节；清明节与万圣节；中国情人节和西方的情人节
1. Summary
1。总结
Festivals are precious cultural heritage of different countries. That is also the reason why festivals in China and western countries have little in common. As a matter of fact, Chinese and western festivals serve as an intriguing window into their cultural differences. Their different origins and people's different ways to celebrate the festivals all reflect their cultural contrasts.
节日是宝贵的文化遗产，不同的国家。这也是为什么中国的节日和西方国家有共同点。事实上，中国和西方节日作为一个有趣的窗口，他们的文化差异。其不同的起源和人的不同的方式庆祝节日都反映他们的文化对比。
First of all, the naming and the origins of Chinese and western festivals are an indication of their totally different traditions. In China, many of our festivals are connected with seasons which have great influence on agriculture. New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Duanwu Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang Festival and Winter Solstice Festival are all examples. Take Duanwu Festival, for instance. Except for the explanations to honor the great poet Quyuan, many folk scholars believe that it originated from summer solstice and people's worship of dragons. In the fifth lunar month, crops begin to grow quickly. Obviously water is vitally important to agricultural production. While in ancient China, dragon was believed to be the god in charge of water. On the day of the festival, people raced dragon boats to please the god and
offer him Zongzi. In this way, they pray for favorable weather for agriculture. As regards Chongyang Festival which falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, it is in the golden harvest season. All people are in great enjoyment of the exciting harvest. So we can see China has been a big country of
agriculture since along time ago, and Chinese people tend to attach great importance to agriculture. Now let's see the origins of the western festivals. More often than not, we find the appearance of religion, especially Christianity. There are New Year's Day, Epiphany, Saint Patrick's Day, Good Friday, Easter, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas. They are all connected with religion. Good Friday is the anniversary of the crucifixion of Jesus, Easter is to commemorate Jesus’ resurrection and Christmas is the birthday of Jesus Christ. We can see western festivals are covered with a strong color of religion.
首先，命名和起源的中国和西方节日显示它们完全不同的传统。在中国，我们的许多节日都与季节有很大影响，农业。元旦，春节，清明节，端午节，中秋节，崇阳音乐节和冬至节都是例子。以端午节，例如。除了解释，是为了纪念伟大的诗人屈原，许多民俗学者认为它起源于夏至和人们的崇拜龙。在农历第五个月，庄稼开始生长迅速。显然，水是非常重要的农业生产。而在古代中国，龙被认为是神掌管水。节日那天，人们跑龙艇取悦上帝和他提供的粽子。在这方面，他们祈求风调雨顺，农业。至于崇阳音乐节上，第九天的农历正月第九，它是在丰收的季节。所有人都在享受令人兴奋的收获。所以我们可以看到中国是一个农业大国由于在很久以前，中国人往往注重农业。现在让我们看看起源的西方节日。往往，我们发现的外观宗教，特别是基督教。在新年的第一天，顿悟，圣帕特里克节，星期五，复活节，感恩节和圣诞节。它们全部都是与宗教。星期五是纪念耶稣受难，复活节是纪念耶稣的复活和圣诞节是耶稣的生日。我们可以看到西方节日都与宗教色彩浓厚的。
What's more, people's different ways to celebrate the festivals embody their different values. In China, we pursue health, union, and harmony. Food is a main subject for the celebration. In Spring Festival, we have dumplings, noodles, New Year cakes, etc. Noodles symbolize longevity, while the New Year cakes pronounce “niangao” in Chinese, which means life will become better and better year by year. Family reunion dinner is of cause in
dispensable. We also eat moon cakes in Mid-autumn Day and Laba Porridge in Laba festival. We Chinese try to make our life more harmonious. However, for westerners the way of celebration is different. They never like to stay at home. Instead, they choose to go out and have fun. April Fools’ Day is a festival for playing tricks and it brings great fun. Activities to celebrate the Independence Day are colorful and exciting, including picnics, playing fireworks and parades. For them, to realize individual value is the most
important. They like to express their own feelings freely. For example, Saint Valentine’s Day is a good chance for westerners to express their romantic love. Compared with this, Chinese people are more confined to the old tradition. On Double-Seventh Day which can be called “Chinese Valentine’s Day”, people just can recall the stories of Niulang and Zhinu then do nothing.
更重要的是，人们用不同的方式庆祝节日的不同价值观的体现。在中国，我们追求健康，和谐，和。食物是一大主题为庆祝。在春节，我们吃饺子，面条，年糕，等面条象征着长寿，而新年蛋糕发音为“年糕”在中国，这意味着生活将变得更好，一年比一年好。团圆饭是可有可无的原因。我们还吃月饼在中秋节、腊八粥在腊八节。我们努力使我们的生活更和谐。然而，对于西方人的庆祝方式是不同的。他们不喜欢呆在家。相反，他们选择出去玩。四月的愚人节是一个节日，玩把戏和带来极大的乐趣。活动庆祝独立日是多姿多彩，令人兴奋的，包括野餐，放烟花，游行。对他们来说，实现个人价值是最重要的。他们喜欢表达自己的感情自由。例如，情人节是一个很好的机会，西方人表达他们的浪漫爱情。与此相比，中国人更局限于旧传统。在中国情人节，被称为“中国的情人节”，人们只记得故事的牛郎和织女便做什么。
To sum up, Chinese and western festivals are a window into their different cultures, including their tradition, their belief and their value. To learn different festivals is to promote cross culture communication. We should know the origins and people’s ways of celebration to understand the different cultures. Thus communication between China and Western countries will be much easier.
综上所述，中国和西方的节日是一个窗口，其不同的文化，包括他们的传统，他们的信仰和价值。学习不同的节日是促进跨文化交际。我们应该知道的起源和人们的庆祝方式，了解不同的文化。因此，沟通中国与西方国家将容易得多。
2. Comparative study on some important festivals between China and western countries
2。比较研究的一些重要的节日，在中国和西方国家
Festival culture is very profound. The festival customs in dissimilar countries are established by usage, with the own distinct national feature and rich presentation forms, but they in filtrate to each other. This and the western
countries: Spring Festival and the Christmas Day, the Pure Brightness Festival and the Halloween, the Chinese Valentine’s Day and the Western Valentine’s Day.
节日文化博大精深。各国的节日风俗是约定俗成的，有着各自鲜明的民族特色和丰富的表现形式，但他们在滤液对方。这与西方国家：春节和圣诞节，清明节与万圣节，中国情人节和西方的情人节。
Spring Festival and the Christmas Day
春节和圣诞节
In China, as spring is the most beautiful season and all creatures on earth begin to grow, flowers are blooming in a riot of color; seeds sprout everywhere,
it is vitally important to celebrate the coming of the spring. As the beginning of a year, December 23rd in lunar year is the prelude to Spring Festival. On that day, all families without exception will worship the god of the kitchen and
started to busily prepared for the New Year’s coming. In addition, according to the traditional habits, Chinese people will also make a thorough cleanup, which is also called spring-cleaning, to show their desire to sweep “the old and bad things” out of their house, ring out the Old Year and ring in the New Year. After this work, every house along the street has a bright and new look. With
paper-cuts on the windows, couplets on the wall and red lanterns in front of the door, it looks really brilliant and full of happiness. The New Year’s Eve is the last day of December in lunar year. At that night, all members in a family will get together to enjoy the “family reunion dinner”, implied meaning lucky and harmony. When having dinner, everyone should only talking about things happy and good, avoid referring to death, disease or something bad. What’s more, family members will not sleep until the dawn of the New Year’s Day. Instead, they will chat, watching TV and having snacks such as melon seeds, orange, and peanuts. The most exciting moment is when the New Year’s Bell rang. It seems as if all the firecrackers around the world are set off with only one second. The sound of firecrackers will not stop until the dawn, and the new upsurge will begin at that time, when every family open the door and begin to visit their relatives. The carnival will continue to January 15th in lunar year. 在中国，春天是最美丽的季节，所有地球上的生物开始生长，鲜花盛开，万紫千红；种子发芽无处不在，它是非常重要的庆祝春天的到来。作为一年的开始，在农历十二月二十三日是一年的春节序曲。在这一天，家家户户要敬拜上帝的厨房，开始忙着准备新年的到来。此外，按照传统习惯，中国人也将进行彻底清理，也就是所谓的大扫除，显示他们的愿望，刮起“老坏东西”的房子，旧环一年，在新的一年。在此之后的工作，每一个房子在街上有一个光明的新面貌。窗花的窗户，墙壁上的对联和红灯笼在门前，它看起来很辉煌，充满幸福。元旦前夕是十二月的最后一天在农历新年。当晚，所有成员在家庭会一起吃“团圆饭”，寓意吉祥、和谐。吃晚饭的时候，每个人都应该只谈论的东西，幸福和美好，避免涉及死亡，疾病或坏的东西。更重要的是，家庭成员都会不睡觉直到新年的曙光的一天。相反，他们会聊天，看电视、吃零食如瓜子，橙色，和花生。最激动的时刻是当新年的钟声响起。看起来都是鞭炮在世界各地掀起了只有一次。鞭炮的声音不会停止，直到黎明，和新的高潮，将开始在那个时候，当每个家庭打开门，开始拜访他们的亲戚。狂欢节将继续在农历一月十五日的一年。
In western countries, a similar festival is the Christmas Day which actually begins in December 12th and ends in January 6th in the next year. Like Chinese New Year, it is also a period rather than only one day, which is familiar to us all – December 25th. As the birthday of Jesus Christ, the
Christmas Day is with no doubt the most vitally day all over the year. And as we all know, most western people are Christian. Red, green and white are regarded as the luckiest colors in Christmas Day, as they stand for the
Christmas candle, Christmas tree and pure snow. People decorate a kind of
evergreen tree with all kinds and colors of lights, balloons, gifts, paper flowers and so on, all filled with a festival atmosphere. Santa Claus is the most famous figure in western festival. All children believe that they will receive a brilliant gift from Santa Claus, and as they growing up, they will gradually know that their Santa Claus is a figure in human’s imagination. But who care? The most
important thing is they get pleasure and own a happy childhood full of imagine. Just like Chinese spring-dinner, western people value the reunion of the whole family. They having dinner together beside the Christmas tree and enjoy themselves in playing until late at night. It is worth mentioning that the most popular songs during this period are “Silent Night”, “Jingle Bells”.
在西方国家，一个类似的节日是圣诞节实际上开始于十二月十二日，结束于一月六日在接下来的一年。中国新年，这也是一个时期，而不是只有一天，这是我们大家所熟悉的–十二月二十五日。为耶稣基督的生日，圣诞节是毫无疑问最至关重要的一天所有的一年。正如我们都知道，西方大多数人是基督徒。红色，绿色和白色被认为是幸运的颜色在圣诞节，因为他们的立场为圣诞蜡烛，圣诞树与雪。装饰是一种常绿树种和各种颜色的光，气球，礼品，鲜花等，都充满了节日的气氛。圣克劳斯是最著名的人物，西方节日。所有的孩子们相信他们会收到一个精彩的礼物从圣克劳斯，当他们长大，他们会逐渐知道他们的圣克劳斯是一个在人类的想象力。但是谁在乎呢？最重要的是他们得到快乐和拥有一个幸福快乐的童年充满想象。就像中国spring-dinner，西部人价值阖家团圆。他们一起吃饭的圣诞树旁，享受自己在玩到深夜。值得一提的是，在这一时期最流行的歌曲是《平安夜》，《铃儿响叮当》。
Spring Festival and the Christmas Day all show the happy and harmonious atmosphere established in family reunion. By contrast, Chinese people prefer to express their affection and homesick, while western people are more likely to pray for the gift of God.
春节和圣诞节都快乐、和谐的氛围，建立在家庭聚会。相反，中国人喜欢表达自己的感情和思乡，而西方的人更可能祈祷上帝的礼物。
The Pure Brightness Festival and the Halloween
清明节与万圣节
Pure Brightness here means clear and clean. Pure Brightness Festival is from Chinese lunar calendar. It is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed. In Pure Brightness Festival, it’s a custom to visit one’s ancestor’s grave and sweep their tomb. Therefore, Pure Brightness Festival is also called Tomb-sweeping Day. The reason why Chinese people choose this day for honoring their ancestors may be that this day is the beginning of spring and ending of winter, all creatures begin to grow and people believe that their ancestors will obtain their new lives this day. They will look over the tomb carefully and make sure that there is no damage or corrosion. Then they will
busting some paper-money, paper-flowers or some other things all made of paper, which is regarded as necessity for the dead people’s everyday use. Celebrate this Festival is important to all of us, but burning paper is not the only way. Beyond that, going for an excursion and fling kites. Sobriety is one of the Ghost Festival, demons; nature is capable of warding off evil into willow.
清明是明确和清洁。清明节是中国的农历。这是一个时间记住死者和代价离开。在清明节，这是一个自定义访问自己的祖先的坟墓和坟墓。因此，清明节又称清明节。中国人之所以选择这一天为纪念他们的祖先可能是因为这一天是春天的开始和结束的冬天，所有的动物开始成长，人们相信他们的祖先将获得他们的新生活，这一天。他们会在墓，是否有损坏或腐蚀。然后他们会破坏一些纸币，paper-flowers或其他一些东西由纸制成的，这被视为必要的死去的人的日常使用。庆祝这个节日对我们是很重要的，但燃烧纸不是唯一的方法。除此之外，去远足和放纵的风筝。清明是鬼节之一，魔鬼；自然是能抵挡邪恶到柳树。
Chinese Pure Brightness Festival has the great value of commemoration and show the “Immortality of Soul” theory in the traditional Chinese thinking modes. Life-sustaining is not confines in biological process, but in the continuation of Chinese culture. It exists in the concept inherited from one generation to the next and is reverted by the whole Chinese nation.
中国清明节具有重大价值的纪念和展示的“灵魂不朽”理论在中国传统思维方式。生命是不局限于生物过程，但在中国文化的传承。它存在的概念遗传到下一代的，是恢复整个中华民族。
Relatively, the western “Ghost Festival” is the Halloween. Children dress up in costumes at night on Halloween and play pumpkin lanterns-pumpkins are a traditional part of the celebration, all people have parties and play games. Young person get together, wearing interesting costumes and all kinds of masks, visiting every house along the street and asking for sweets. It is said that ghosts will also visit the human world at night on Halloween and living person should try their best to treat them with warmth. The fire and pumpkin lantern are used to frighten the ghost and lead them back. On that day, people could do everything or make joke or trouble as they like and never mind other’s resentment, because everyone does as well. All people are happy and enjoy themselves in the harmony with the Nature.
相对的，西方“鬼节”是万圣节。晚上孩子们盛装打扮的万圣节，南瓜
lanterns-pumpkins是传统的庆祝活动的一部分，所有人都有人玩游戏。年轻人走到一起，戴着有趣的服饰和各种面具，来访的每一个房子沿着大街和要求糖果。据说鬼魂还将访问人类世界万圣节前夕晚上和生活的人应该尽力对待他们的温暖。火和南瓜灯是用来吓唬鬼魂，带领他们回来。在这一天，人们可以做任何事或笑话或麻烦，因为他们喜欢和不介意别人的怨恨，因为每个人都一样。所有的人都幸福和享受自己在与自然和谐。
The Chinese Valentine’s Day and the Western Valentine’s Day
中国情人节和西方的情人节
Love is the permanent topic of human society. In china, people celebrate Chinese Valentine’s Day, which has a long history. It is also called “Qixi Festival” or “Double Seventh Festival”, as the date is July 7th in lunar year. How did the festival get its name? It is said that, once upon a time, there was a cowboy called “Niulang” and a fairy called “Zhinu” who fell in love with each other. However, their love was not allowed by others just because a fairy couldn’t love a human being. As a result, Zhinu was forced to go back to the Heaven and not allowed to meet Niulang any other time beside the Double Seventh Day. It usually rains more or less on this evening of the year, after being separated on either side of the Milky Way as a punishment by the Lord of Heaven. The Chinese Valentines Day is comparably more romantic yet heartrending, because this is the only time of year when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl (Zhinu) meet each other cross the Milky Way. Luckily，their true love moved the magpie, which was regarded as a lucky bird in China. These helpful birds consist a bridge over the Milky Way and the lovers could met each other at that day. On this day, people will looked up towards the sky to look for the Milky Way, the stars stand for the couple and pray for their love. Young girls will pray for ingenuity by making some hand-made little bag and hope for a happy ending.
爱是人类社会的永恒主题。在中国，人们庆祝中国情人节，有着悠久的历史。它也被称为“七夕节”或“双第七节”的日期是七月七日，在农历新年。节的名字是如何得来的？据说，很久以前，有一个牧童称为“牛郎”和仙女叫“织女”谁爱上了对方。然而，他们的爱情是不被允许的人仅仅因为一个仙女不能爱一个人。因此，他们被迫回到天堂，不可以见牛郎其他任何时间在双第七天。它经常下雨或多或少在这个晚上的一年后，被分开两边的银河作为惩罚天上的主。中国情人节是相对比较浪漫而令人心痛，因为这是一年中唯一一次的牛郎和织女（织女）越过银河相会。幸运的是，他们的真正的爱情感动了喜鹊，这被视为吉祥鸟在中国。这些有益的鸟类包括桥在银河系和爱好者可以见面的那天。在这一天，人们会抬头向天空寻找银河的星星的夫妇，并为自己祈祷爱。年轻的女孩要祈求智慧使一些手工制作的小袋子和希望有一个快乐的结局。
The Western Valentine’s Day is February 14th, which originated in the ancient Rome. The third century AD, ancient Rome, there was a tyrant called Claudius Meadows. Ancient Rome has been continuous war, more than a tyrant Crowe recruited a large number of Sri Lankan citizens to the battlefield, complaints were heard everywhere. Crowe Meadows fly into a rage, he was not allowed to transmit orders to hold a wedding, not even all at once to be engaged in also to the dissolution of marriage. A boy called Valentinus performed secret
weddings after Claudius banned marriage to prevent soldiers from deserting his armies. His action was heard by Crowe Meadows and Valentinus was
arrested and put into prison. The boy was tortured and finally put to death. His friends buried him in great sorrow on February 14th. When they think of Emperor Claudius, they remember how he tried to stand in the way of love, and they laugh-because they know that love can't be beaten! And now the Western Valentine’s Day has become a day for lovers who have a strong will of love. On that day, lovers give gifts to each other, young boys will choose roses and girls chocolates. You could see sweet and happy lovers everywhere in the street.
西方情人节是二月十四日，它起源于古罗马。公元第三世纪，古罗马，有一个叫克劳狄斯草地暴君。古代罗马一直持续的战争，更比一个暴君克劳多斯征召了大批公民前往战场，投诉人。克罗多斯暴跳如雷，不允许他传令举行婚礼，甚至没有一次全部从事对婚姻的解除。一个叫他进行秘密婚礼后，克劳迪斯禁婚防止士兵放弃他的军队。他的行动是由克洛听到草地和他被捕入狱。这个男孩被折磨，最后处死。他的朋友把他埋在悲伤的二月十四日。当他们觉得皇帝克劳狄斯，他们还记得他如何试图站在爱情的路上，他们laugh-because他们知道爱情不能被打败！现在西方情人节已成为一个情人谁有坚强意志的爱。那天，情侣互赠礼物，年轻的男孩女孩会选择玫瑰和巧克力。你可以看到甜蜜幸福的爱好者都在大街上。
3. Conclusion
3。结论
The differences of the origins and evolutions are clarified about the Chinese and western traditional festivals, and the cultural differences are compared between China and western countries. It is believed that most of western
traditional festivals are based on religionary culture especially the Christianism culture, which has stronger general applicability and cross-cultural naturalizing ability; while Chinese traditional festivals mainly originated from calendarian time and solar term, which have very strong secularity and pantheism. These kinds of originating and developing differences become the barriers to cross-cultural intercommunion and naturalization of traditional festivals, especially for Chinese traditional festivals to naturalize across cultures to western countries. In order to endow Chinese traditional festivals with
cross-cultural radiating catholicity, reconstruction of it with the era must be carried out, including the reconstruction of social soil it rooted, and brand-new historical meanings should be endued to traditional culture.
不同的起源和演化的澄清关于中西传统节日的文化差异，并比较了中国和西方国家。据认为，大多数西方传统节日是基于宗教文化特别是基督教文化，具有较强的通用性和跨文化化的能力；而中国的传统节日主要源于日历的时间和节气，具有很强的世俗主义和泛神论。这类的起源和发展的差异成为跨文化交流障碍和归化的传统节日，特别是对中国传统节日文化归化在西方国家。为了使中国传统节
日文化辐射的普遍性，重建它的时代必须进行，包括重建社会的土壤中扎根，和全新的历史意义应该被赋予传统文化。